ObjectiveTo evaluate the intelligence profile,personality and behaviour disorders of children with primary generalized tonic and/or clonic seizures.MethodsUsing Chinese modification of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Eysenk Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),and Achenbach Child Behaviour Check List,neuropsychological assessment of 35 cases aged 6-14 years and the normals with the similar age and sex were makenand compared.ResultsExcept picture completion ,all the subtests scales of children with epilepsy were significantly lower than those of the controls (P<0.01). A significant difference of average FIQ(P<0.001) was observed between experimental group (85.86) and control group (103.60).There were 13 cases(37.14%) in experimental group whose FIQ were in broderline range, FIQ of 5 cases(14.29%) was in lower range,while none abnormal in the controls.The children with epilepsy had more abnormal behaviours than that of the controls(abnormal rates were 38.71% and 6.45% respectively).Statistical analysis showed no difference of EPQ scales between the two groups.Conclusions Children with primary generalized epilepsy maybe complicate with cognitive deficit and behaviour disorder.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Cornus Officinalis total glycosides (COTG) and Cornus polysaccharides (CP) on myocardial mitochondria and expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats.

METHODSThe AMI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery. Rats were divided into 5 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the COTG prevention group, the CP treatment group, the COTG treatment group, 12 in each group. Normal saline was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group by gastrogavage. Corresponding medication was respectively administered to rats in the rest 3 groups by gastrogavage. The cardiac function was detected by echocardiography and hemodynamics. The infarct size was determined by Masson trichrome staining. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes such as a subunit of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), PGC-1β, nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), and GSK-3P mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operation group, the myocardial infarction size increased, cardiac function decreased, the expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and NRF-1 mRNA decreased, and the expression of GSK-3β mRNA increased (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, myocardial infarction sizes were reduced, cardiac function was improved, the expression of NRF-1 mRNA was elevated in the COTG prevention group, the CP treatment group, the COTG treatment group; the expression of the PGC-1α and PGC-1β mRNA was elevated in the COTG prevention group and the CP treatment group; the expression of GSK-3β mRNA was reduced in the CP treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the CP prevention group, fractional shortening (FS) and aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased in the CP treatment group; ejection fraction (EF) decreased in the CP treatment group; the expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, NRF-1 mRNA were reduced in the the CP treatment group and the COTG treatment group; the expression of GSK-3β mRNA decreased in the CP treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the COTG treatment group, FS, EF, left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP), SBP, and the expression of GSK-3β mRNA were reduced in the CP treatment group (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSCOTG and CP could improve cardiac function, reduce the myocardial infarction area, and promote biogenesis of myocardial mitochondria. Their protective effects on the mitochondria of cadiocytes might be achieved by GSK-3β signalina pathway.

Animals ; Cornus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Glycosides ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Mitochondria, Heart ; physiology ; Myocardial Infarction ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; Polysaccharides ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcription Factors

Child ; Hernia, Inguinal ; surgery ; Herniorrhaphy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods