Aim To investigate the effects of progesterone on morphine rewarding effect and levels of ?-receptor in hippocampus and striatum.Methods 32 male SD rats were designated to 4 groups randomly with 8 in each,including blank control group,morphine group,progesterone group and progesterone plus morphine group.Conditioned place preference(CPP) test was used to investigate the morphine rewarding effect,and immunohistochemistry was established to determine the levels of ?-receptor in hippocampus and striatum.Results Compared with those of blank control group,5 mg?kg-1 morphine successfully induced the formation of CPP(P

The fracture dislocation of axis is a common kind of severe trauma.Because of particular anatomic characteristics of axis, the operation is difficult and highly risky. However, with introduction of new instrumentation and improvement of surgical techniques, innovative methods have been developed in recent years, including posterior C1-2 fusion and internal fixation, decompression by the dissection of C1 posterior arch, occipitocervical fusion and internal fixation, anterior internal fixation for dens fracture dislocation, anterior decompression and internal fixation for vertebral arch fracture dislocation. The available instruments include interlaminar clamp, rod or plate, screw, etc. All these methods and instruments have their respective advantages and disadvantages and indications. In this paper, The indications, effects, and potential complications of them are discussed.

Objective To investigate the changes of urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) , retinol conjugated protein (RBP), N-acetyl-beta-D nucleosidase amino acids (NAG) and serum cystatin C (Cys C) in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), and explore the application value of those indexes in PNS diagnosis. Methods Fifty-three patients with PNS from Sep. 2009 to Sep. 2015 were enrolled in this study, and 40 healthy people were selected as the control group. The levels ofβ2-MG, RBP, NAG in urinary and Cys C in serum were measured in two groups, and the receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) were drawn out for investigating the diagnostic value of four indexes to PNS. Results The levels ofβ2-MG, RBP, NAG in urinary and Cys C in serum of patients with PNS were significantly higher than control group (P<0.01) . The RBP, NAG and Cys C had the higher efficiency in diagnosis PNS than β2-MG, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in diagnosis PNS between RBP, NAG and Cys C (P>0.05) . The area of RBP under the ROC curve was 0.897 (95%CI was 0.807-0.987) bigger than NAG, Cys C andβ2-MG. Conclusionβ2-MG, RBP, NAG in urinary and Cys C in serum have high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis PNS, monitoring the levels ofβ2-MG, RBP, NAG in urinary and Cys C in serum may be helpful for diagnosis and clinical therapy of PNS.

The biological effects of Songzike acidic polysaccharide (ST90) were studied in vivo and vitro. It was found that ST90 had distinct antineoplastic, antibacterial and antiviral effects.I markedly inhibits proliferation of S180 solid tumor in mice and reduces the mortality of mice infected by Salmonella typhimurium, and shows a protective effect on FL cells infected with adva、adv7, vsv and CB4.

AIM: To evaluate colon-oriented delivery characteristics of berberine hydrochloricde(BH) containing carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan(CMKGM) pellets. METHODS: BH-containing CMKGM pellets(pellets group) and BH-containing carboxymethyl cellulose suspension(control group) were intragastric administrated to rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg,respectively.Blood samples were obtained from the rat femoral artery,the gastric、entric、cecal、colonic tissues and their contents sampled at a given interval to measure the concentration of BH by HPLC.The bar charts of relative content of BH in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and theirs contents were drawn.Drug delivery index(DDI) was calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the control group,the concentration and distribution of BH in gastric、enteric tissue and their contents decreased significantly,but in cecal、colonic tissue and their contents less at first,and more than the control group after 2～6 h.The DDI values of the pellets to gastric,enteric,cecal,colonic tissue and their contents were 0.392 4,0.478 6,3.916,4.193,(0.162 8,)0.619 4,3.843,4.087 against the control group,respectively. CONCLUSION: CMKGM pellets may be a useful colon-specific drug delivery system for BH.

AIM:To study the effects of pH and ionic strength of release media on in vitro berberine hydrochloride(BH)released from carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan(CMKGM)pellets and to evaluate its characteristics.METHODS:The CMKGM pellets were prepared by ionotropic gelation with BH as the model drug.In vitro drug release,dynamic swelling and erosion percent of the pellets were studied respectively in release media with different pH(pH 1.0、pH 5.0、pH 6.8、 pH 7.4)or different ionic strength(pH 6.8 PBS with 2、4、6、8 g/L NaCl).The amount of BH released were confirmed in different equation to evaluate BH release mechanism of the pellets.RESULTS:With the increased of pH value or the decreased of ionic strength of the release media,the swelling ratio and erosion percent of the pellets increased,the BH release rate increased.The release of BH in HCl solution was film-controlled and exhibited zero order kinetic equation;the release of BH in PBS was non-Fickian release that coupled diffusion and erosion of the pellets matrix,exhibited Peppas equation.CONCLUSION:The swelling ratio and erosion percent of CMKGM pellets is related to pH and ionic strength of the release media,which influence BH released and release mechanism of the pellets.

Hepatitis B ; pathology ; therapy ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans

Animals ; Hedgehog Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction

BACKGROUND:Concerning the problem of the ruptured phenomenon in clinic work of HL-1 and HL-2 Buccal Multiloops removable appliance, we invented HL-3 Buccal Multiloops.
OBJECTIVE:Through the Buccal Multiloops Fatigue Testing Machine which can imitate oral movements, to compare the fatigue strength of the HL-2 and HL-3 Buccal Multiloops in the same condition.
METHODS:A pair of the HL-2 or HL-3 Buccal Multiloops with the completely symmetrical size, symmetrical height and symmetrical direction was fixed on the Buccal Multiloops Fatigue Testing Machine which could simulate oral movements, then keep the Buccal Multiloops Fatigue Testing Machine working until any Buccal Multiloops broke. The cyclic loading times of this pair Buccal Multiloops was recorded. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the appearance of broken end of the Buccal Multiloops.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cyclic loading times of HL-3 Buccal Multiloops were more than HL-2 Buccal Multiloops (P < 0.01), suggesting that HL-3 Buccal Multiloops has stronger fatigue strength than HL-2 Buccal Multiloops. Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the fractures of HL-2 and HL-3 Buccal Multiloops al had the typical fatigue fracture morphology, indicating that the rupture of HL-2 and HL-3 Buccal Multiloops belongs to fatigue fracture. However, HL-3 Buccal Multiloops exhibited bigger crack compared with HL-2 Buccal Multiloops, the presence of running-in region, suggesting that HL-3 Buccal Multiloops reduced the probability of fatigue fracture and prolonged the time of fatigue fracture.