Proteomics is an emerging discipline which studies the composition of proteins and their transformation rules at the cellular level and the overall level.Recently,proteomics has been used in a variety of studies of tumors.And it has made some progresses in explaining the mechanisms of tumors' genesis and development,discovering new specific markers for tumors and new targets for drug treatment,and forecasting tumors' biological behaviors.

Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic

Diagnosis, Differential ; Genome ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Genome ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends

Cerebral Palsy ; complications ; Child ; Child Nutrition Disorders ; complications ; Deglutition Disorders ; Equipment and Supplies ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Speech Disorders ; etiology

The arthroscopic technique was first used for minimally invasive treatment and diagnosis of injuries inside the knee joint. It can make the diagnosis of acute cartilage injury more accurate. Since it can also correctly detect the location, type and scope of the meniscus injury, surgeons can reasonably decided whether the injured meniscus should be sutured or partially resected so as to maintain as most part of meniscus as possible. It can also be applied to repair or reconstruct the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. The combination of arthroscopic technique and minimally invasive internal fixation has often been used to treat fractures of tibial plateau, patella, and femoral condyles, as well as to assist the treatment of fractures of distal femur with retrograde interlocking nails. The internal fixation by percutaneous minimally invasive anatomical plates, e.g. Liss Invasive Stabilization System(LISS), has proved to be effective in the clinical treatment of fractures near tibial and femoral metaphyses.

Microsurgery has gone through three stages in china.At the initial stage from 1960s to 70s,impr ovement of microsurgical apparatuses and vascular anastomosis technique,an d replantation of cut-off limbs and f ingers were the main achievements.At the development stage from 1970s to 80s,efforts were made to increase the rate of successful vascular anastomosis,popularize digital replantation an d expand the application scope of mic ro-surgery.The maturity stage since 1980s has witnessed wider application of microsurgical techniques in more an d more surgical fields and establish ment of systematic theories so that microsu rgery has developed into an independent clinical specialty of orthopedics.All these achievements have resulte d from great efforts of Chinese orthopedic scholars. [

Specimens of gastric mucosa were obtained from 16 cases of fetal stomach, aging from 11 weeks to full term, 5 cases from gastric adenocarcinoma, one case from gastritis and one case from normal adult. The contents of their mucosubstances were compared histochemically with Mowry's alcian blue and PAS techniques. The results are as follows:The mucosubstances of gastric mucosa undergo a conspicions change during the fetal life. In general, acid mucopolysaccharide appear at first in the epithelium and rudimentary gastric pits and it is replaced subsequently by neutral mucin. This mucosaccharide replacement varies within different areas and stages. The neutral mucin always takes its appearance about the 11th week at the cardiac and pyloric regions where the mucosubstance have begun to reveal pruple colour in AB-PAS reaction. After the 4th month, the neutral mucosacchaide has completed its replacement in both areas except the lower parts of pyloric glands which still show some mixed mucins. In the corpus tomach, acid mucin is present almost during the whole fetal life but converts into mixed type only at birth. The parietal cell do not contain any mucous material during its histogenesis, but the chief cell may contain some alcianophilic granules which will change into faintly PAS-positive at birth. With alcian blue at low pH, it proves that most of the acid mucosaccarides are sulfated mucosubstance.Adjacent to the bottoms of gastric pits and the necks of gastric glands, some acid mucin often remains in 1he epithelial and neck mucous cells of normal adult just as those of newborn. The acid mucosubstance occurs in various degree within the spaces or lumen of adenocarcinoma tissue. It could be considered that the bottoms of pits and necks of glands would be a cellular bases for further development of gastric carcinnoma under certain conditions.

Aim To investigate the effects of xy9902 on the proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and its mechanism.Methods Effects of xy9902 on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was determined by MTT and ALP activity measurement.Competitive estrogen-receptor binding assay was used to investigate the affinity of xy9902 to ER.Results xy9902 induced cell proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 cells.Antiestrogen tamoxifen eliminated the stimulation of proliferation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 induced by xy9902.The relative binding affinity of xy9902 for ER? and ER? showed an IC_(50)of 8.45?10~(-6) mol?L~(-1) and 1.66?10~(-6) mol?L~(-1) respectively.Conclusion xy9902 directly stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through ligand-receptor binding,which indicated that xy9902 behaves as an estrogen agonist in MC3T3-E1 cells.

DNAzymes generated by in vitro selection are single-stranded DNA molecules with catalytic capabilities. This article introduced the DNAzyme in such spects as structures, modifications, designing strategies, catalytic traits, advantages as well as its application as a new tool of gene therapy of tumor.