Objective: To explore the contents of hypericin from different parts of Hypericum sampsonii. Methods : The hypericin in Hypericum sampsonii and H. Officinalis were measured by HPLC with Novapak C 18 column, mobile phase(methanol∶ethanol∶0.1mol?L -1 NaH 2SO 4=200∶300∶100), flow rate 1.0mol?L -1 , column temperature at 30 ?C , wavelength at 588nm. Results:Contents of H. Sampsonii in flower and flower itself were equal content to H. officinalis. Conclusion:It is possible to sift out the plant of H. Sampsonii with more Hypericin.

Objective To investigate the nursing knowledge of rural patients with rectal carcinoma after permanent colostomy.Methods Data were collected on 54 patients with rectal carcinoma after permanent colostomy using the self-designed questionnaire and analyzed by statistical methods.Results The rural patients with permanent colostomy showed low level of nursing knowledge.Scores of patients with different sexes and family income showed significant difference.Conclusions Medical security system and medical staff should provide with more welfare policy and specialty support for the patients in rural areas to promote their knowledge of self-care.

Objective To investigate the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)in renal tissues of crescent nephritis and its correlation with cell proliferation and pathologic tubulointerstitial lesion.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect IDO expression in renal tissues of crescent nephritis and normal renal tissues.The correlation between IDO expression and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)positive cells or pathologic tubulointerstitial lesion were analyzed.Results IDO expression was found in the renal tubular epithelial cells of crescent nephritis,while that in the normal renal tissues was negative by immunohistochemical staining.The expression of IDO protein in tubular epithelial cells showed a significantly negative correlation with the number of PCNA positive cells or tubulointerstitial lesion of crescent nephritis.Conclusion IDO may participate in the pathogenesis of crescent nephritis by inhibiting the cell proliferation.

Objective To compare the outcomes of multifetal pregnancy reduced to twins with initial twin pregnancy.Methods This study included all patients who had high-order multiple pregnancies from August 2007 to September 2010 ( n =567 ) in outpatient or inpatient of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University.There were 478 initial twin pregnancys (non-reduced group ) and 89 multifetal pregnancy reduced to twins (reduced group).All fetal reduction procedures were performed after 12 weeks gestation.The maternal ages,gestational ages at delivery,pregnancy complications,birth weight of twins and neonatal outcomes were observed in all groups.Results ( 1 ) Average maternal ages and mean gestational ages at delivery:the average maternal ages were ( 29.7 ± 4.5) and (29.9 ± 5.0 ) years for the non-reduced and reduced groups,respectively,no statistical significance (P =0.755).The mean gestational ages at delivery in the nonreduced and reduced twins were (35.3 ± 3.9) and ( 34.4 ± 6.3 ) weeks,respectively ( P ＜ 0.01 ).( 2 ) Pregnancy complications:the rate of pre-eclampsia was 8.2％ ( 39/478 ) in the nonreduced group and 12.4％ (11/89) in the reduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.199 ).The rates of gestational diabetes mellitus were 1.7％ ( 8/478 ) and 3.4％ ( 3/89 ),respectively,no statistical significance ( P =0.287 ).( 3 ) Neonatal outcomes:① the frequencies of birth weight discordances ＞ 400 g were 28.9％ for the nonreduced group and 27.0％ for the reduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.715 ).The frequencies of birth weight discordances ＞ 100 g were 75.1％ for the nonreduced group and 75.3％ for the reduced group,no statistical significance (P =0.972).②The mean birth weight of the nonreduced twin group was significantly higher than that of the reduced group [ ( 2700 ± 468 ) g vs.( 2352 ± 602 ) g,respectively,P ＜ 0.0l ],there was statistical significance.The mean birth weight of gestational ages ＞ 36 +1 weeks at delivery of the nonreduced twin group was significantly higher than that of the reduced group [ (2809 ± 424) g vs.(2707 ± 506) g,respectively,P ＜0.01 ],there is statistical significance.③The rate of infant mortality( gestational ages ＞28 weeks at delivery) was 1.3％ ( 1/78 ) for the reduced group and 2.2％ ( 10/448 ) for the nonreduced group.The major morbidity rate was 3.8％ (3/78) for the reduced group and 4.0％ (18/448) for the nonreduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.588,0.943 ).Conclusions Multiple pregnancies after fetal reduction were still associated with a mild increased risk when compared to initial twin pregnancies and their abortion rate is high.The gestational ages of the reduced group were affected by the initial number of fetuses,and the birth weights of reduced twins were lower than that of the nonreduced twins.

The clinical practice is a very important link for medical students to relate theory with practice and to be trained comprehensively.Stomatology is an applied science,so clinical practice is more outstanding and important during the stomatological education.This thesis discusses how to improve stomatological students' comprehensive skill in the clinical practice.

Objective To study whether the contrast volume and radiation dose can be reduced by automated contrast injection system(ACIS) in coronary angiography compared with manual contrast injection system(MCIS).Methods 200 patients undergoing coronary angiography with transradial approach in the People′s Hospital of Liaoning Province were enrolled in the study from January 2016 to June 2016.They were divided into the ACIS group (n=100) and the MCIS group (n=100).The clinical data, the net amount of contrast the total amount of contrast media consumed, number of angiographic views performed, fluoroscopy time, air kerma (AK) and dose area product (DAP) of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results There were no statistical differences in the clinical data, the net amount of contrast used, number of angiographic views performed and fluoroscopy time between the two groups (all P>0.05).The total amount of contrast media used, AK, and DAP were less in the ACIS group than in the MCIS group (all P<0.05).Conclusions The volume of contrast consumption and radiation dose can be reduced by ACIS during coronary angiography with transradial approach compared to MCIS.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the pregnancy outcomes and fetal loss after fetal reduction of triplets to twins or singleton pregnancy. Methods 282 cases of triplets who received multi-fetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) at Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University were recruited from Sep 2001 to Mar 2014. According to the remaining fetal number after MFPR, 231 cases were opted to reduce to twins (twins group) while 51 cases were opted to singleton pregnancy (singleton group).The indication of the former group was fetal abnormalities under ultrasound or on patients′ demand; while the indication for the later group included dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) triplets or patients′ aspiration. Potassium chloride was injected into the targeted fetal heart until cardiac standstill was obtained. The pregnancy outcomes, gestational age at delivery, birth weight of newborns of the two groups were recorded. Successful pregnancy was defined as take-home at least one baby. Results (1)The overall rate of successful pregnancy was 91.5%(258/282).There were 413 neonates in the twins group, including 4 neonatal deaths and 409 live babies, with the successful rate of 90.5%(209/231). There were 49 neonates in the singleton group, including 2 cases of fetal loss. Thus the successful rate was 96.1%(49/51). There was no difference of successful pregnancy rate between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)The mean gestational age at operation for the twins group and singleton group were(16.5±3.5)weeks and (14.2±2.0) weeks, respectively. Each group was divided into three periods,11-13+6 weeks, 14-16+6 weeks and≥17 weeks.In the twins group, the cases in each time period were129(55.8%,129/231), 50(21.6%,50/231)and 52(22.5%,52/231), respectively. While in the singleton group, the cases in each time period were 27(53%,27/51), 16(31%, 16/51)and 8(16%,8/51).There was no difference between the two groups at each time period(P>0.05). (3)The fetal loss rate in the twins group were 7%(9/129), 12%(6/50), 10%(5/52) at each time period, respectively. While for the singleton group they were 4%(1/27), 0(0/16)and 1/8, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups at each time period(P>0.05).(4)The mean birth weight of the twins group was lower than the singleton group [(2 555±447) g vs (3 084±550) g, respectively, P<0.05].The rates of low birth weight infants(<2 499 g)in the twins group and the singleton group were 45.5%(188/413)and 8%(4/49), respectively(P<0.05).The rate of very low birth weight infants(≤1 499 g) was 3.9%(16/413)in the twins group compared with 0(0/49)in the singleton group(P>0.05).(5)The gestational age at delivery of the twins group was earlier than the singleton group [(36.2 ± 2.4) weeks vs(38.3 ± 2.2)weeks, respectively,P<0.05]. The labor rate of the two groups was significantly different for both 34-36+6 weeks and≥37 weeks(P<0.05).The full-term delivery rate in the twins group was 47.6%(110/231), and was 88.2%(45/51)in the singleton group(P<0.05). The fetal loss rate before 28 weeks did not differ between the two groups[8.7%(20/231)vs 3.9%(2/51), P>0.05].Conclusions Reduction to one fetus led to significantly better outcome than two fetuses, with no significant difference in fetal loss rate. It is better to advise patients with triplets reduce to singleton pregnancy.

For making a improving of cytological study doctors in the short term in the basic operated techniques and the level of diagnosis of cytology,the experience of teaching practice in the past fifteen years were reviewed.Flexible teaching ways were appearanced that such as,the reasonable teaching plan and target were maked,promotting self-learning strategies in the work,and special topic lectures and difficult cases discussion were performed with multi-media teaching,and so on.Finally, the activeness and initiative of study doctors were mobilized,and may be passably has the obtaineding in the satisfactory teaching effect.

Objective To investigate the relationships among distal contractile integral (DCI), ineffective esophageal motility (IEM)and gastroesophageal reflux through high resolution manometry (HRM)in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods A total of 69 patients with GERD were enrolled.All patients received HRM and 24 hour pH and impedance monitoring examination. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between DCI,number of invalid swallowing and DeMeester score.All the patients were divided into three groups according to the number of invalid swallowing in 10 times of 5 mL liquid swallowing test.Patients with 5 to 10 invalid swallowing was in IEM group (n=21),one to four was in abnormal motility group (n=19),and zero was in normal motility group (n=29).The t test was performed for comparison of average DCI,average DCI of residual effective swallowing,DeMeester score,acid reflux time,bolus exposure time and proximal reflux times
among the three groups.Results Among the 69 patients with GERD,there was negative correlation between DCI and DeMeester score (r=-0.363,P =0.003)in 10 times of 5 mL liquid swallowing test;the number of invalid swallowing was positively correlated with DeMeester score (r=0.374,P =0.002). The mean DCI in 10 times of 5 mL liquid swallowing of normal motility group,abnormal motility group and IEM group was (1 458.96±545 .10),(986.48 ±577.50)and (288.50 ±167.25 )mmHg·s·cm, respectively,and that of IEM group was lower than normal motility group and abnormal motility group (t =-11 .42 and -2.12,both P <0.05).The average DCI of residual effective swallowing of normal motility group,abnormal motility group and IEM group was (1 458.96 ± 545 .10 ),(1 187.90 ± 669.40)and (450.78 ±350.73 )mmHg ·s ·cm,respectively,and that of IEM group was also lower than normal motility group and abnormal motility group (t = -8.05 and -5 .27,both P <0.01 ).The DeMeester score of IEM group (15 .42±8.79)was higher than that of normal motility group (6.34±3.45),and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.43,P <0.05).The acid reflux time and bolus exposure time of IEM group were (54.93 ± 37.07 )min and (0.64 ±0.49 )%,respectively,which were longer than abnormal motility group ((37.37±22.66)min,(0.52 ±0.24)%)and normal motility group ((21 .22 ± 13.98)min,(0.39 ±0.14)%),and the differences were statistically significant (t =2.36,2.17,2.60 and 2.54,all P <0.05).The total number of reflux of IEM group and abnormal motility group were 67.10± 32.94 and 57.26±38.90,which were both more than that of normal motility group (44.61 ±23.84),and the differences were statistically significant (t =2.48 and 2.17,both P <0.05 ).Conclusions DCI and the number of invalid swallowing can predict reflux condition of GERD patients in a certain degree.The contraction strength of esophageal body was the weakest and esophageal clearance was the worst in IEM group.