Many physical and psychological problems, involved in shiftwork were noted, including peptic ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, sleep disturbances, anxiety, etc. But emotional and psychological problems in nighttime workers were not sufficientiy investigated. To evaluate psychological problems encountered by night duty workers, Symptom Checklist-90-Revision was administered to 61 workers, including 47 night duty workers and 14 ordinary daytime workers, and the results of the both groups were compared. 1. Of 9 symptom dimensions, depression and hostility showed significantly higher scores in night duty workers. 2. Three global indicies(GSI, PST, PSDI) of night duty workers were higher than those of daytime workers, but statistically not significant. 3. Scores in all symptom dimensions, except somatization and hostilithy, of investigation group were lower than those of norm group. 4. In night duty workers, duration of night-time work per day was positively correlated with depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety and psychoticism. From the above results, it was suggested that psychological health maintenance program should be developed for night duty workers.
Anxiety ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Depression ; Hostility ; Peptic Ulcer

The identification of clinical predictors of clozapine response in schizophrenics might be helpful to make a selection of the patients for clozapine treaolent, and could also be useful to diminish the incidence of agranulocytosis, an unpredictable and potentially lethal side effect of clozapine. This study was designed to identify the characteristic symptoms which can predict a good response to clozapine in schizophrenics before or in early stage of clozapine treatmnet. The results were summarized as follows. First, while twenty four patients who had a reduction of 1 point or greater in CGI scores from baseline to six-week clozapine treatment were defined as clozapine responders, seventeen patients without such a change were defined as clozapine nonresponders. The classification between the two groups was assessed to be valid statistically. Second, both baseline BPRS total scores and each score of 6 BPRS items such as anxiety, hostility, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, self-neglect, and excitement were significantly higher in the clozapine responders than in the clozapine nonresponders. Third, in the responders artier the second week of clozapine treatment, there was a significant reduction from baseline on the anxiety and unusual thought content item scores. In conclusion, several symptomatic factors could be regarded as clinical predictors of clozapine response in schizophrenics, including anxiety, hostility, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, self-neglect, and excitement as well as the severity of psychoticism.
Agranulocytosis ; Anxiety ; Classification ; Clozapine* ; Hallucinations ; Hostility ; Humans ; Incidence

This study was designed to investigate the influence of the so-called IMF-related economic stress upon the mental health and to analyze the process of the influence. As the possible variables moderating the stress process, social resource, problem solving style, and hopelessness were included. 221 male and female subjects were recruited according to the intensity of economic stress and classified into four groups(employees of solid companies, employees of the companies at risk, short-term unemployed and long-term unemployed). Relevant measures including economic stress scale, selected SCL-90R subscales(somatization, depression, hostility, anxiety), social support scale, problem-solving scale, and job hopelessness scale were administered. As assumed, it was proved that economic stress had adverse effects on the mental health. In addition to this basic causal relationship, moderating effects of several variables were found as follows: First, social support had the buffering effect upon the economic stress. That is, strong social support played the role suppressing the development of psychiatric symptoms under high stress. Second, men were more vulnerable to the adverse effects of economic stresses than women. Third, economic stresses had influence on the helplessness concerning the problem solving. However other problem solving strategies such as creative style, approach style, avoidance style, etc were proven to have no relationship with the economic stress. Fourth, in the analysis of unemployed group, it was found that hopelessness mediates the relationship between economic stress and mental health. In conclusion, the clinical implications of such findings in economic stress process were discussed and several limitations and the suggestions for future researches were also addressed.
Depression ; Female ; Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health* ; Problem Solving

OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the effects of aesthetic surgery on mental health. METHOD: Sixty-four patients were assessed for their mental health and the degree of satisfaction with their body image before and after operations. The subjects' mental health was evaluated by the Korean version of Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90), a satisfaction scale with body image, and a questionnaire for demographic data and operation. RESULTS: 1) The average score of SCL-90 significantly improved from 68.17(S.D.+/-48.26) to 58.03(S.D.+/-46.93) after operation(p<0.01). The scores of all subscales for somatization symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility and psychoticism improved significantly. Significant improvement was also found in patients who were in their 20's and 40's, had family support and had positive attitudes toward their operations. Family support had a more positive influence in the group who had a poorer state of mental health before the operation. 2) The average score of satisfaction with their body image improved significantly from 58.54(S.D.+/-23.14) to 78.14(S.D.+/-18.30)(p<0.01). The more they were satisfied with their body image, the more their mental health state improved. The degree of improvement in satisfaction was significant (p<0.01) in patients who had shown a poorer mental health state before operation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that aesthetic surgery has positive influence on patients' mental health and improved satisfaction with their body image and also that, in selection of patients for aesthetic surgey, their age and possible family support should be considered.
Body Image ; Depression ; Hostility ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The object of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Qigong-based stress management program in patients with anxiety disorder. METHODS: An 8-week controlled clinical trial compared 24 patients with anxiety disorder assigned to a Qigong-based stress management program with 22 patients with anxiety disorder assigned to an education control program. Beck depression inventory (BDI), Spielberger trait state anxiety inventory (STAI), Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAM-A), and Symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R) were used to assess the effectiveness of Qigong-based stress management program. RESULTS: Qigong-based stress management group showed significant improvement compared to the education control group on anxiety symptoms and hostility, but Qigong group showed inconsistent findings on depressive symptoms. Qigong-based stress management group did not show significant improvement on somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, or phobic anxiety subscale of SCL-90-R compared to the education control group. CONCLUSION: This study showed that Qigong-based stress management program can be an effective method for patients with anxiety disorder in relieving anxiety symptoms. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed before these kind of interventions.
Anxiety Disorders* ; Anxiety* ; Depression ; Education ; Hostility ; Humans ; Qigong

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the methodological issues and comprehensiveness of workplace bullying instruments and to suggest a taxonomy of psychological abuse. METHODS: Nineteen instruments applied in health care organizations and 469 questionnaire items mainly regarding psychological abuse were collected through a literature review. Three researchers classified the questionnaire items according to a “taxonomy of psychological abuse in the workplace.” RESULTS: Many instruments of workplace bullying were developed in the 2000s using a reflective measurement model, but their psychometric property was not sufficient and the measurement model is questioned. Based on the questionnaire items, the “taxonomy of psychological abuse in the workplace” was modified by adding two new subcategories (unachievable work and unfair treatment) and clarifying some operational definitions. According to the modified taxonomy of 11 (sub)categories, the reviewed instruments assessed 6.5 (sub)categories on average. No instrument measured all (sub)categories. Category 4.2 (disrespect, humiliation, and rejection of the person) was measured in all instruments, followed by Categories 5 (professional discredit and denigration) and 1.2 (social isolation) behaviors. CONCLUSION: The current instruments are not comprehensive enough. It is suggested that the modified taxonomy is verified and guide more reliable and inclusive instruments in the future. Furthermore, a formative measurement model, which defines a bullying as an inventory of different types of behaviors, should be used.
Aggression ; Bullying* ; Classification* ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Hostility ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to determine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-Revised (K-BIS-11-R) in Nonclinical Adult Subjects. METHODS: The K-BIS-11-R was tested in non-clinical (n=270) native Korean-speakers. Internal consistency reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability was measured using Pearson correlations. To see external validity, we performed confirmatory factor analysis for determination of whether the three-factor model, proposed by the previous report, fit the data. RESULTS: According to the results, the K-BIS-11-R had an acceptable test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability. In addition, the K-BIS-11-R total score and second-order subscale score showed significant correlation with Conners' Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale-Korean and Buss & Durkee Hostility Inventory. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the K-BIS-11-R total score and demographic variables. Thus, the K-BIS-11-R total score was transformed to standard score. CONCLUSION: K-BIS-11-R is a reliable and valid measure and has possible utility for assessment of impulsiveness in nonclinical adult subjects. Further research is needed in order to determine the cutoff score for administration of K-BIS-11-R to clinical adult subjects.
Adult ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Hostility ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-esteem as a moderator of the factors influencing suicidality among middle-schoolers. METHODS: Moderated multiple regression analysis was applied to assess the influence of happiness, depression, and hostility on suicidality and to determine the degree to which self-esteem served as a moderator of those relationships. Data were collected from 268 students at a middle school in Busan, Korea, using a self-administered structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Happiness, depression, and hostility had significant direct effects on suicidality. Self-esteem showed no direct effect, but had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between hostility and suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that various interventions, such as counseling programs, should be designed to alleviate hostility and depression and to enhance happiness and self-esteem among early adolescents.
Adolescent ; Busan ; Counseling ; Depression ; Happiness ; Hostility ; Humans ; Korea

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to determine the extent of workplace bullying perceptions among the employees of a Faculty of Medicine, evaluating the variables considered to be associated, and determining the effect of workplace bullying perceptions on their psychological symptoms evaluated by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed involving 355 (88.75%) employees. RESULTS: Levels of perceived workplace bullying were found to increase with the increasing scores for BSI and BSI sub-dimensions of anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility (all p < 0.001). One point increase in the workplace bullying perception score was associated with a 0.47 point increase in psychological symptoms evaluated by BSI. Moreover, the workplace bullying perception scores were most strongly affected by the scores of anxiety, negative self, depression, hostility, and somatization (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present results revealed that young individuals, divorced individuals, faculty members, and individuals with a chronic disease had the greatest workplace bullying perceptions with our study population. Additionally, the BSI, anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility scores of the individuals with high levels of workplace bullying perceptions were also high.
Anxiety ; Bullying* ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Divorce ; Hostility

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to examine the association of implicit self-esteem, explicit self-esteem and their interaction with paranoia and attributional bias. The relationship of the size and the direction of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem with paranoia and attributional bias was examined. METHODS: A total of 128 female college students participated. We administered the Implicit Association Test to assess implicit self-esteem, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to measure explicit self-esteem. Paranoia Scale was used, and the attributional bias was assessed using the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire. RESULTS: Results showed that explicit but not implicit self-esteem was negatively associated with paranoia, blame bias and hostility perception bias in ambiguous situations. The interaction of implicit and explicit self-esteem was associated with hostility perception in ambiguous situations. As for the discrepancy, the size of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem was positively associated with hostility perception in ambiguous situations. Moreover, the direction of the discrepancy was specifically relevant: damaged self-esteem (high implicit and low explicit self-esteem) was associated with increased levels of paranoia, blame bias and hostility perception in ambiguous situations. CONCLUSION: These findings provide new insights into the role of the implicit and explicit self-esteem in attributional bias and paranoia and point to damaged self-esteem as a possible vulnerability marker for illogical attribution of blaming others and perceiving hostility in social situations.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Female ; Hostility ; Humans ; Intention ; Paranoid Disorders