Chronic gastritis is defined as the presence of chronic mucosal inflammatory changes leading eventually to mucosal atrophy and epithelial metaplasia. It is notable for distinct causal subgroups and for patterns of histological alterations that vary in different parts of the world. By far the most important aetiological association is chronic infection by the bacillus Helicobacter pylori (Hp). The organism is a worldwide pathogen that has the highest infection rates in developing countries including Iran. In this study, samples confirmed for the diagnosis of chronic gastritis from 100 Hp-positive and 36 Hp-negative patients, were reevaluated histopathologically to determine the severity of inflammation, the presence of active gastritis, lymphoid follicle(s), glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Seventy-five percent of the samples showed mild inflammation, whilst moderate and severe inflammation was seen respectively in 24% and about 1% of the cases. Among the evaluated variables, only activity and intestinal metaplasia had statistically significant associations with Hp (p < 0.05) in this survey.
Chronic ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Metaplasia ; Iran

The learning approaches can help anatomy teachers design a suitable curriculum in harmony with their students' learning styles. The research objective is to evaluate gross anatomy learning styles and strategies preferences of Iranian medical students at Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS). This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out on 237 Iranian medical students. The students answered questions on approaches to learning anatomy and expressed opinions about learning anatomy in medical curriculum. The data were analyzed to disclose statistically significant differences between male and female students. Iranian male and female students were interested in learning anatomy using notes, plastic models, pictures and diagrams, clinical context, dissection and prosection of cadavers; however, they rarely used cross-sectional images and web-based resources. Both groups of medical students used region and system in learning anatomy. However, there existed some striking differences, particularly in having difficulty in studying anatomy using cadaveric specimens, using books alone, and learning it in small groups. Male students were less interested in learning with cadavers than female counterparts. However, female students were more interested in learning anatomy in small groups. This study suggests that instructors should design gross anatomy curriculum based on limitations of using dissection of cadaver in Iranian universities, emphasis on the applied anatomy, and learning of gross anatomy in small groups.
Cadaver ; Curriculum ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Learning* ; Male ; Plastics ; Strikes, Employee ; Students, Medical*