Phenytoin(DPH) has been reported to be a benefit in the cerebral ischemia. To study the effect of DPH in an experimental stroke model. We subjected 45 cats to middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion 4 hrs after the placement of a MCA clip by a retro-orbital approach. Infarct size was determined 2 days after MCA occlusion. 20 animals served as control and received saline 2 ml bolus. All of these animal observed 1 hour, 1 day and 2 days after the removal of clip. In 20 treated animals, DPH was administered 50 mg/kg bolus every 6 hours intravenously after removal of clip. Infarct size was not significantly different between the control and treated groups. However, in DPH treated group, CBF, CMRO2, CMRG SEP were improved in early stage of ischemia.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia* ; Cats ; Ischemia ; Phenytoin* ; Stroke

Serum thyroxine(T4), effective thyroxine index(ETI) and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) were measured in 60 albino rats following laminectomy and cord injury produced by weight drop method. Thyroid hormones were measured at one and 100 minutes and, at 1, 3 and 7 days after injury by radioimmunoassay method. At 1 and 100 minutes, T4 was significantly reduced in both laminectomy and cord injured groups. TSH at 1 and 100 minutes were also elevated significantly. Gradual normalization of T4 and TSH showed at 7 days. It appeared likely that the opimal time to the administration of exogenous thyroid hormone would be before the 7th day of cord injury.
Animals ; Laminectomy ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Hormones ; Thyroxine

The concepts of hydrocephalus can be applied at all conditions in which the intracranial volume of the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is abnormally large in relation to the volume of the brain. The pathology of progressive hydrocephalus can only be understood on the basis of the anatomy of the CSF pathway, the sites of its production and absorption. Whatever are the causes, these seem to be five distinct ways in which hydrocephalus may occur 1) by an overproduction of CSF 2) by an obstruction to the out-flow of CSF 3) by obstruction in the communicating channels 4) by failure in development of or obstruction in the main absorption mechanism 5) by an increase in the protein content of the CSF. Neuroradiological investigations in the form of ventriculography and angiography are valuable before the introduction of computed tomography of brain(CSF). Nowdays, brain CT is available as a non-invasive and accurate diagaostic method.
Absorption ; Angiography ; Brain ; Hydrocephalus* ; Pathology

No abstract available.
Genes, myc* ; Neuroblastoma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

A study has been made of efferent single fibers in the cat whose axon is projected to the cardiac branches of the right vagus. The main objective of this experiment was to replicate some of the mechanisms involving vagal efferent discharges and to observe the effect of somatic stimulation, pain and coldness, on the discharges. Electrical activities of a single of a single fiber were recorded on the central segments of small cut strands separated from the right cervical vagus under the pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. The fiber was considered to be cardio-inhibitory in function because of the activity in inverse effect on the heart rate in almost all conditions. Pain and cold stimulation of skin reflexly excited these fibers, as did stimulation of baroreceptor in the carotid sinus. Response to the somatic stimulation applied on the skin, by the increase of impulse frequency, amplitude, discharge duration and pulse rate of electrical discharges were observed. The auther observed that efferent fibers in the cutaneous nerve excited the cardiac efferent vagal fibers in response to reflex stimulation.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Axons ; Carotid Sinus ; Cats ; Heart Rate ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ; Pentobarbital ; Pressoreceptors ; Reflex ; Skin

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Leptospirosis*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Leptospirosis*

Naloxone has been recently reported to be benefit in the treatment of CNS ischemia. To study the effect of naloxone in an experimental stroke model, we subjected 20 adult cats to middle cerebral artery clipping for 4 hours by a retro-orbital extradural approach. Cerebral blood flow(CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen(CMRO2), cerebral metabolic rate of glucose(CMRG) and arterial pH were studied at postoperative 1 hour, 1 days, and 2 day. 10 cats were treated with nalxone 0.4mg intravenously every 2 hours for postoperative 48 hours. 10 cats were treated in a similar fashion with physiological saline(control group). The results are as follows; 1) The naloxone treated group showed increased CBF at the postoperative 1 hour. But after the 24 hours, there was not a significant difference in 2 groups. 2) The naloxone treated group showed decreased CMRO2 throughout the period when compared with control group. 3) The naloxone treated group showed decreased CMRG throughout the period when compared with control group. 4) Metabolic acidosis was improved by naloxone at the postoperative 1 hour and 24 hour when compared with control group.
Acidosis ; Adult ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; Cats ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Ischemia* ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Naloxone* ; Stroke

Cerebral cysticercosis may produce many complications and various types of tissue reactions to the parenchyma of the brain. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the nature of the reactions of the brain tissue responding to a direct contract with the fluid contents of cysticercus cyst. The experiments were performed in 15 albino rats in which the brain lesions were made on the frontal region by injecting the fluid contents which was obtained from subcutaneous nodules of human patient with cysticercosis. The fluid contents, 0.5 ml for each animal, was injected with 26 gauge hypodermal needle into the left cerebral hemisphere beneath the cortex for experimental group, and same amount of normal saline into the right hemisphere indentical to the region of the left for the control group. Histopathological studies were carried out on the brain lesions at interval of 3 days, 7 days and 15 days following injection of the contents and normal saline. Findings of generalized and regional edema of the brain were observed in varying degrees, which were evident and severe in 3-day and 7-day experimental groups and decreasing in severity thereafter. In the group of normal saline injection, the microscopic findings of the lesions were mainly of a mild inflammatory reactions with scattered fibroblast or condensation of the nervous tissue. In 3-day experimental group, there were pleomorphic infiltration of neutrophils and histiocytes. In 7-day experimental group, there were prominent cellular reaction, gliosis and vascular proliferation more than those observed in 3-day group. In 15-day experimental group, inflammatory cells and gliosis were reduced in number and degree, but definitive granuloma with proliferation of vascular fibroblast in its outer layer was developed.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebrum ; Cysticercosis* ; Cysticercus ; Edema ; Fibroblasts ; Gliosis ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Needles ; Neutrophils ; Rats

A variety of therapeutic maneuvers of the arteriovenous or carotidcavernous fistulas has been tried and mainly discarded as inadequate because of complicated factors such as an anatomical situation of the fistula, and embolus of predetermined size and configuration, and introducing method. The fistulas have been embolized by a variety of materials with no gain of wide acceptance. One of the major problems inherent in the procedure is the inability to control the ultimate location of the embolus, which is closely related to predetermined size and shape of the embolus. To get around this difficulty, a piece of the laminaria stalk shappen into a small columnar bar was used as an embolus in this experiment. The laminaria, sea weed used for a slow dilatation of the uterine cervical orifice in gynecological practice, has specific nature of gradual increase in its volume on contact with water or tissue fluids, expanding only in width, radial direction, but not in length. It expanded gradually with maximal increase of 3.3 times the original width by 12 hours of the contact and with increase of more than 80% of its maximal expansion by three to four hours contact. In a series of experiments, arteriovenous fistulous lesions have been created in albino rats, using a portion of jugular vein implanted on the cervical carotid artery, and it has been tried to occlude the excluded fistulous segment with the help of the laminaria stalk. A stalk of laminaria with diameter of one third of vascular lumen could easily reached to the fistulous point by the arterial pulse and thrust because the stalk was fairly smaller relative to the size of the vessel, and it occluded the lumen of the vessel near totally by a slow expansion of it into as large as the luminal size of the vessel within a couple of hours after lodging in the vessel.
Animals ; Carotid Arteries ; Dilatation ; Embolism ; Fistula* ; Jugular Veins ; Laminaria ; Phenobarbital ; Rats ; Water