Serum thyroxine(T4), effective thyroxine index(ETI) and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) were measured in 60 albino rats following laminectomy and cord injury produced by weight drop method. Thyroid hormones were measured at one and 100 minutes and, at 1, 3 and 7 days after injury by radioimmunoassay method. At 1 and 100 minutes, T4 was significantly reduced in both laminectomy and cord injured groups. TSH at 1 and 100 minutes were also elevated significantly. Gradual normalization of T4 and TSH showed at 7 days. It appeared likely that the opimal time to the administration of exogenous thyroid hormone would be before the 7th day of cord injury.
Animals ; Laminectomy ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Hormones ; Thyroxine

Phenytoin(DPH) has been reported to be a benefit in the cerebral ischemia. To study the effect of DPH in an experimental stroke model. We subjected 45 cats to middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion 4 hrs after the placement of a MCA clip by a retro-orbital approach. Infarct size was determined 2 days after MCA occlusion. 20 animals served as control and received saline 2 ml bolus. All of these animal observed 1 hour, 1 day and 2 days after the removal of clip. In 20 treated animals, DPH was administered 50 mg/kg bolus every 6 hours intravenously after removal of clip. Infarct size was not significantly different between the control and treated groups. However, in DPH treated group, CBF, CMRO2, CMRG SEP were improved in early stage of ischemia.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia* ; Cats ; Ischemia ; Phenytoin* ; Stroke

No abstract available.
Genes, myc* ; Neuroblastoma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

A study has been made of efferent single fibers in the cat whose axon is projected to the cardiac branches of the right vagus. The main objective of this experiment was to replicate some of the mechanisms involving vagal efferent discharges and to observe the effect of somatic stimulation, pain and coldness, on the discharges. Electrical activities of a single of a single fiber were recorded on the central segments of small cut strands separated from the right cervical vagus under the pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. The fiber was considered to be cardio-inhibitory in function because of the activity in inverse effect on the heart rate in almost all conditions. Pain and cold stimulation of skin reflexly excited these fibers, as did stimulation of baroreceptor in the carotid sinus. Response to the somatic stimulation applied on the skin, by the increase of impulse frequency, amplitude, discharge duration and pulse rate of electrical discharges were observed. The auther observed that efferent fibers in the cutaneous nerve excited the cardiac efferent vagal fibers in response to reflex stimulation.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Axons ; Carotid Sinus ; Cats ; Heart Rate ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ; Pentobarbital ; Pressoreceptors ; Reflex ; Skin

The concepts of hydrocephalus can be applied at all conditions in which the intracranial volume of the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is abnormally large in relation to the volume of the brain. The pathology of progressive hydrocephalus can only be understood on the basis of the anatomy of the CSF pathway, the sites of its production and absorption. Whatever are the causes, these seem to be five distinct ways in which hydrocephalus may occur 1) by an overproduction of CSF 2) by an obstruction to the out-flow of CSF 3) by obstruction in the communicating channels 4) by failure in development of or obstruction in the main absorption mechanism 5) by an increase in the protein content of the CSF. Neuroradiological investigations in the form of ventriculography and angiography are valuable before the introduction of computed tomography of brain(CSF). Nowdays, brain CT is available as a non-invasive and accurate diagaostic method.
Absorption ; Angiography ; Brain ; Hydrocephalus* ; Pathology

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Leptospirosis*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Leptospirosis*

Naloxone has been recently reported to be benefit in the treatment of CNS ischemia. To study the effect of naloxone in an experimental stroke model, we subjected 20 adult cats to middle cerebral artery clipping for 4 hours by a retro-orbital extradural approach. Cerebral blood flow(CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen(CMRO2), cerebral metabolic rate of glucose(CMRG) and arterial pH were studied at postoperative 1 hour, 1 days, and 2 day. 10 cats were treated with nalxone 0.4mg intravenously every 2 hours for postoperative 48 hours. 10 cats were treated in a similar fashion with physiological saline(control group). The results are as follows; 1) The naloxone treated group showed increased CBF at the postoperative 1 hour. But after the 24 hours, there was not a significant difference in 2 groups. 2) The naloxone treated group showed decreased CMRO2 throughout the period when compared with control group. 3) The naloxone treated group showed decreased CMRG throughout the period when compared with control group. 4) Metabolic acidosis was improved by naloxone at the postoperative 1 hour and 24 hour when compared with control group.
Acidosis ; Adult ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; Cats ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Ischemia* ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Naloxone* ; Stroke

Moyamoya disease is a particular disease of the circle of Willis which is characterized by its progressive obstruction and associated with different cerebral vascular malformations and infrequently associated with aneurysms. A 23 year old Korean woman was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Hospital, because of stuporous mentality and Rt. Sided hemiplegia. She fell down and almost immediately lost consciousness on the day morning of admission. Neurological findings included neck stiffness, moderately bilateral dilated pupils, Rt. Sided hemiplegia, positive bilateral Babinski's sign and positive Kernig's sign. Lumbar angiogram revealed grossly bloody cerebrospinal fluid. Carotid angiogram revealed marked stenosis of supraclinoid portion of intracranial internal carotid arteries with extensive collateral small arterial net work at the base of the brain. Small aneurismal sac was visualized at the distal end of the small arterial nerwork probably distal portion of posterior choroidal artery. Brain computed tomography showed hematoma at the posterior portion of left side thalamic area and in the left lateral ventricle. The patient had operation for removal of hematoma and died on the 2nd day of postoperation. Based on this case, mechanisms of formation of aneurysms in moyamoya disease are discussed.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Choroid ; Circle of Willis ; Consciousness ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Korea ; Lateral Ventricles ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Neck ; Neurosurgery ; Pupil ; Reflex, Babinski ; Stupor ; Vascular Malformations ; Young Adult

Permeability of membrane of chronic SDH is a unique characteristic. And various types of attenuation of chronic subdural hematoma(SDH) appearing on computerized tomography(CT) scans are related to the changes occurring as the result of recurrent bleeding. The authors have investigated the membrane permeability of SDH according to the histological changes of the outer membrane of chronic SDH. A consecutive series of 19 adult patients with chronic subdural hematoma has been studied in respect to the post-operative subdural drainage after burr-hole craniostomy and closed system drainage. The subdural drain was kept for 5 days. The amount and the pattern of daily drainage were correlated with histological findings of the outer membrane. The outer membrane of chronic SDH was very rich in blood vessels and contains giant capillaries. One electron microscopic finding of giant capillaries was the frequent formation of gap junctions between adjacent endothelial cells. Numerous red or white blood cells was spilling into the interstitial space of the outer membrane. In positive cases to both membrane hemorrhage and surface clot, total amount of drainage was significantly different from the cases without these findings(p=0.0263). In cases without membrane hemorrhage, the presence of migrating inflammatory cell was well correlated with total drainage amount(p=0.028). From these findings it is suggested that endothelial gap junction of macrocapillaies might play an important role in permeability of the outer membrane. But the recent episode of bleeding could act as a barrier and decrease the permeability actually. After resolution of fibrin clot infiltrated inflammatory cells which contribute to fibrinolysis would decrease and then the permeability would increase.
Adult ; Blood Vessels ; Capillaries ; Drainage ; Endothelial Cells ; Fibrin ; Fibrinolysis ; Gap Junctions ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Membranes* ; Permeability*