Respect for human life and respect for human rights are basic values which the organized nursing profession has urged its members to adhere to in their service to human being. This study was designed and carried out to identify ways to reconcile often conflicting basic values in practice. This study focused on ethical dilemma experienced by nurses who were caring for political offenders in prison. Concrete case study was presented to show solutions to the problems.
Criminals ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Nursing ; Prisons

No abstract available.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Rats* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

Mesoblastic nephroma is an important differential diagnosis of a renal mass occurring in the neonatal period or in early childhood. It is a rare monomorphous congenital renal neoplasm most commonly recognized during the first 3 months of life. With the widespread application of ultrasound imaging, many cases are recognized prior to birth. We report a case of mesoblastic nephroma detected by ultrasonograph at 36 weeks of intrauterine fetal life and removed after birth. It showed a well circumscribed, grayish white, solid mass measuring 4x3x2 cm. The tumor was predominantly a classic type with a focal cellular pattern. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were done.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Parturition ; Ultrasonography

Lobular carcinoma of the male breast is very rare, because of the absence of lobules in the normal male breast. Herein, a case of lobular carcinoma of the male breast with cellular features of signet ring cells is described. A 57-year-old man presented with a left breast mass. Histologic examination showed classic invasive lobular carcinoma with in situ component. Most infiltrating tumor cells had a prominent signet ring cell appearance. The patient was phenotypically male and had fathered children. There was no history of predisposing factors to breast lesion, such as hormone use or gynecomastia.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Lobular* ; Causality ; Child ; Fathers ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Male* ; Middle Aged

Lobular carcinoma of the male breast is very rare, because of the absence of lobules in the normal male breast. Herein, a case of lobular carcinoma of the male breast with cellular features of signet ring cells is described. A 57-year-old man presented with a left breast mass. Histologic examination showed classic invasive lobular carcinoma with in situ component. Most infiltrating tumor cells had a prominent signet ring cell appearance. The patient was phenotypically male and had fathered children. There was no history of predisposing factors to breast lesion, such as hormone use or gynecomastia.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Lobular* ; Causality ; Child ; Fathers ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Male* ; Middle Aged

Albinism is a hereditary disease caused by the defect of tyrosinase that converts tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). `Oculocutaneous albinism' is classified as hypopigmentation of skin, hair and eyes, but incidences of `ocular albinism' where hypopigmentation is limited to eyes are found rarely. Biochemically, albinism is caused by the tyrosinase activity. Typical findings in oculocutaneous albinism include not only ophthalmologic problems such as hypopigmentation of skin, foveal hypoplasia, photophobia and decreased visual acuity but also congenital nystagmus. We cannot determine distinctive characteristics of nystagmus of albinism because domestically, there are only a few reports that have been recorded correctly about nystagmus of albinism. Merely, we present our experience of two cases of albinism with congenital nystagmus because we think that these two cases, showing different types of nystagmus and electronystagmography, stand for the two representative types of nystagmus found in the literature up to date.
Albinism ; Albinism, Oculocutaneous* ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Electronystagmography ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Hair ; Hypopigmentation ; Incidence ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Nystagmus, Congenital* ; Photophobia ; Skin ; Tyrosine ; Visual Acuity

Proliferative activity of a malignant tumor is known to reflect its biological aggressiveness. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a marker of cellular proliferation, and silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) have been shown to correlate with ploidy and proliferative activity of cells. In transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, the prognostic value of these markers has not been well defined. We studied PCNA expression and the AgNORs count in 22 transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis to assess their prognostic significance compared with their cumulative survival rate, the stage of disease and histopathologic features of the tumors. An immunohistochemical method and a standard colloidal silver staining were used. The mean percentage of PCNA positivity (PCNA index) and the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus (AgNORs score) were determined. In a multivariable analysis, PCNA indexes were significantly associated with tumor stage (p=0.024), whereas AgNORs scores were not significantly associated with the stage or histopatholgic features of the tumors. Histologic grade was correlated to disease stage at a significant level (p=0.000). But there was a trend of low tumor PCNA-indices or AgNORs counts with survival advantage for patients, but this did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that the fraction of PCNA positive nuclei would be useful for investigating the malignant potential of renal pelvic cancers, although their clinical use as markers of biologic behavior may be limited.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Colloids ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Nucleolus Organizer Region ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; Ploidies ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Silver Staining ; Survival Rate

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT) or inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare, solid tumor that most often affects children. This tumor is characterized by a spindle cell proliferation admixed with a variety of inflammatory cells. Although it has disputed nosology, a distinctive fibroinflammatory and even pseudosarcomatous appearance have been well appreciated. Herein, we report a case of IMT in the posterior mediastinum in a 19-year-old girl with clinical findings. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on the tumor cells are reported, and their distinctive characteristics are discussed in details.
Cell Proliferation ; Child ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Humans ; Mediastinum* ; Myofibroblasts* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To investigate whether combining inferior oblique weakening procedures with bilateral lateral rectus recession as a surgical approach to intermittent exotropia enhances postoperative horizontal angle of deviation over bilateral lateral rectus recession alone. METHODS: Patients were allocated to one of two surgical groups: a bilateral lateral rectus recession group (Group 1) or a bilateral lateral rectus recession with bilateral inferior oblique weakening group (Group 2). Group differences in the angle of distance deviation were evaluated preoperatively and at 3- and 12-months postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in preoperative factors or angles of deviation between Group 1 (n = 98) and Group 2 (n = 77); no significant intergroup difference in the angle of deviation was observed at any postoperative time point (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combined inferior oblique weakening procedures did not significantly influence the horizontal angle of deviation after surgery for intermittent exotropia. Accordingly, there is no need to revise the surgical amount of lateral rectus recession.
Exotropia* ; Humans

An ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts is a rare, recently described, fibro-osseous neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. It occurs most frequently within the subcutis or skeletal muscle of the extremities. Its biologic behavior is generally regarded as benign with at worst a locally aggressive clinical course. But, atypical and malignant variants have been recently reported. Herein we report a case of a benign ossifying fibromyxoid tumor which occurred in the left upper back of 41-year-old man. The tumor is composed of uniformly round or polygonal cells arranged in cords or nests which are separated by myxoid and hyalinzed fibrous matrix and associated with irregular bony trabeculae. The tumor cells are strong positive for vimentin. Ultrastructural findings and a review of literatures are added.
Adult ; Extremities ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Vimentin