No abstract available.
Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

Majority of the eyes with subfoveal neovascular membrane loss the central vision. We observed two patients who regained significant central vision as the result of the involution of subfoveal neovascularization. On follow-up fundus examination, the subretinal lesions revealed grayish neovascular membranes stained with fluorescein, but did not show the fluid leakage. And subretinal hemorrhage and subretinal fluid were gradually resolved. We assumed that functioning retinal pigment epithelium within the macula and young age were the important factors of the spontaneous improvement of visual outcome.
Fluorescein ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Membranes ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Subretinal Fluid

PURPOSE: Data regarding out-of-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest have been limited to the retrospective study. This study was performed to analyze the epidemiology and outcome of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest(CPA) with the international consensus in a single hospital. METHODS: Children less than 15 years old who entered emergency department with CPA, between 1st March 2004 and 31st July 2007, were included this study. Data were recorded prospectively following Utstein's template. The characteristics and outcomes of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Cardiopulmonary arrests occurredin total of 37 of 21,339 children presented to emergency department during 41 months study period. 15 out of 37 with CPA had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after resuscitation, 4 survived to be discharged from the hospital. The rate of ROSC in the respiratory arrest is higher than the cardiac arrest. Trauma was the most common cause of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest. No children who had more 20 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or took more than 3 doses of epinephrine survived. CONCLUSIONS: The 10.4% survival rate after out-of-hospital pediatric CPA is poor. The respiratory arrest is more favorable. Education of basic life support for publics is needed to increase the rate of ROSC and survival from out-of-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest.
Adolescent ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Child ; Consensus ; Education ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epidemiology* ; Epinephrine ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies* ; Resuscitation ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Lower Extremity*

Thirty years ago a major arterial laceration was devasting injury, threatening survival of the limb in almost every case. Increased awareness of vascular injuries and of feasibility of immediate and more advanced arterial repair techmique reduced the amputation rate. The authors reviewed 163 patients of vascular injuries in extremities, who were admitted to Severence Hospital of the Yonsei University College of Medicine from January, 1979 to December, 1986. The results were follows : 1. Among the 163 patients, 146 patients were male patients. 2. Most of the victims were in their twenties. 3. The most common cause in the upper extremity was glass injury. The most common cause in the lower extremity was being struck by moving vehicles. 4. More complications in vascular injuries were associated with severe soft tissue crushing and comminuted fracture of the bone. 5. More favorable results can be gained through the use of microvascular techniques than through conventional techniques in vascular reconstruction.
Amputation ; Clinical Study ; Extremities ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Glass ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Upper Extremity ; Vascular System Injuries

Even though phototherapy is an effective means of treating hyperbilirubinemia, adequate binocular shields are essential to prevent light hazard of retina during phototherapy. The phototherapy to young albino rabbits was performed under various conditions; exposured for 12, 24, and 48 hours, continuity or intermittence of irradiation, and use of shields. Although there was no definite pathologic change in indirect ophthalmoscopic examination, severe damage was seen at electron microscopic level. In all experimental groups, swelling and edema of photoreceptor were seen. at right after phototherapy. Futhermore, more severe damage was seen in case of intermittent irradiated group and prolong exposed group. In mydriatic eyes, severity of damage was similiar to non mydi iatic eyes, but area of retinal damage was more extensive than non-mydriatic eves.. In control group which was protected by binocular shields during phototherapy, no significant abnormality was found.
Dermatitis, Phototoxic* ; Edema ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Phototherapy ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Telescopes

The clinical evaluation was done in eight eyes of four patients with bilateral branch retinal vein occlusion. The onset of age was from 36 to 65 years, and three pa dents were women. Hypertension was the most common associated systemic disease. Retinal neovascularization was complicated in six eyes, and five eyes had vitreous hemorrhage. The vitrectomy was performed in three eyes. We believe that branch retinal vein occlusion associated with hypertension should be followed carefully in the fellow eyes.
Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Veins* ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

The authors performed experimental study to produce proliferative vitreoretinopathy by intravitreal injection of homologous fibroblasts in pigmented rabbits. Twenty four eyes of 12 rabbits were divided into control and experimental groups. In experimental group, the eyes were pretreated with expanding gas, perfluoropropane for the vitrectomy. In control group, no such procedure was preceded. In both groups, 5.0×10⁴, 1.0×10⁵ and 1.5×10⁵ cells of homologous fibroblasts were injected into the vitreous cavity. All the eyes were observed regularly with indirect ophthalmoscope followed by fundus photography. Those eyes were enucleated in 1, 2, 4 weeks for the light and electron microscopic studies. The development and severity of the proliferative vitreoretinopathy were correlated with the numbers of the injected fibroblast. This was more pronounced in the experimental group.
Fibroblasts ; Intravitreal Injections ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Photography ; Rabbits ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

The authors experienced a case of secondary glaucoma combined with mesodermal dysgenesis of anterior segment, which disclosed extensive peripheral iridocorneal adhesion of congenital origin while his fellow eye revealed a sclerocornea. This case is extremely rare and entirely different from the previously reported Axenfeld's and Rieger's anomalies. We report this interesting case with brief review of the literatures.
Glaucoma* ; Mesoderm*

These days the posterior chamber lens implantation following the extracapsular cataract extraction has become the standard procedure except those patients who cannot take it in one reason or another. In past, however, the anterior chamber lens implantation was popular for sometimes. Even now in those patient complicated by vitreous loss, the anterior chamber lens implantation following anterior vitrectomy is indicated in some cases. We have become interested in the difference of the intraocular pressure change in the patients who underwent the uneventful extra-capsular cataract extraction followed by anterior chamber lens implantation in routine manner and in those whose extra-capsular cataract extraction were complicated by vitreous loss and eventually needed the anterior vitrectomy before the anterior chamber lens implantation. We reviewed the medical records of 15 cases of the former group and 11 cases of the latter one in 1986 through 1988. There was some difference in the postoperative pressure in the two groups, but it was not statistically significant.
Anterior Chamber* ; Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Medical Records ; Vitrectomy