OBJECTIVES: Fast change and confusion of the value system in society affect the identity formation of adolescents. So Adolescents' behavioral problems seem to be increasing yearly. It is known that the interpersonal group therapy is the most effective treatment modality among many group programs for adolescents with behavioral problems. Objectives of this study are as follows; first, evaluate therapeutic effects of the interpersonal group therapy for adolescents with behavioral problems second, examine the therapeutic factors; third, analyze the group process; fourth, orgamize the group therapy for adolescents with behavioral problems as an applicable treatment modality. The types of group therapy performed in this study are small, closed, homogeneous, outpatient, time limited, and adolescent group. METHODS: This study was carried out at one of the adolescents mental health services in Uiwang Mental Health Center, from April to June and from September to November in 2000. The subjects were 2nd grade students in K middle school with behavioral proplems. The experimental groups were composed of 4 groups including 2 male groups and 2 female groups (male 11, female 17), and the control groups matched the same conditions as the experimental groups (male 10, female 19). The group therapy was performed weekly in CA (club activity) time, and it took 60-70 minutes at one time. They met total 10 sessions including preparatory meeting and termination meeting. Before and after this program, self-rating scales (behavioral problems, aggression, and impulsivity) were applied for subjects, and the teacher rating scales (behavioral problems, aggression and impulsivity) were performed by teachers in charge. After each session, Yalom's 13 therapeutic factors scale was performed. At the last meeting, total assessment questionnaire was completed. RESULTS: The mean scores of all self-rating scales (behavioral problem, aggression, and impulsivity) were lower in the experimental groups (both male and female group) than the control groups, but not significant statistically except the behavioral problem scale of female students. The mean scores of all teacher rating scales (behavioral problem, aggression, and impulsivity) were lower in the experimental groups (both male and female group) in comparison with the control groups, all significant statistically. As faras the therapeutic factors are concerned; first, the mean scores of all therapeutic factors in female students were higher than in male students and the mean scores of all therapeutic factors in the later half sessions were higher than the former half sessions; second, catharsis and existential factor were high in all students and sessions; third, identification with therapist factor was high in all students and sessions; fourth, during the later half sessions, interpersonal input was relatively high in male students and socializing technique was relatively high in female students. Its for the total assessment questionnaires; 100% of male students and 88.2% of female students reported that they were helped by this group therapy; 100% of male students and 82.4% of female students reported that they would participate willingly if future opportunity of the same group therapy is given for them. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with behavioral problems who participated in this study showed the decrease of behavioral problems and the change of aggressive and impulsive attitudes in comparison with the control groups although they had some differences between male and female students. The group therapy with adolescents would be practiced more broadly and extensively though there are several accompanied problems including the difficulty of structuring, the deficit of motivation, and financial problem.
Adolescent* ; Aggression ; Catharsis ; Female ; Group Processes ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Services ; Motivation ; Outpatients ; Psychotherapy, Group* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research is to help solve adolescent issues involving substance uses, which may become begin to undergo many changes(i. e. practising various roles, thereby leading to independent life styles). More often than not, adolescent drug problems develop into social problems, chiefly behavioral imitations and heavy dependence on medicine. The authors conducted a survey of adolescent substance uses to develop preventive measures against the drug habit prevalent among young people, thereby formulating a policy to deal with problematic community. Funded by a Youth Counselling Center in the city of H. the research was conducted on the following assumptions that there will be:Firstly, a comparison of drug uses by sex and age:Secondly, variance of substance users by family background and peer group:Thirdly, a combination of heavy drinking, smoking and delinquency resulting in the drug habit. METHODS: The survey included a total of 1613 students during 3 days, 12 through 14, July, 1999. The subjects were 833 pupils(51.6%) from 4 middle schools and 780 students(48.4%) from 3 high schools in the city of H with a ratio of 49.5 %(males) and 50.5%(females). RESULTS: 1) Experience of substance use is most referable to drinking(59.4%) and smoking(34.4%) while given to analgesics(33.1%) among medicines, glue(0.7%) among inhalants and philophone(0.4%) among narcotics. 2) High school students found more than double the amount of smoking and drinking as well as uses of hypnotics, stimulants and sedatives by junior high school students. 3) Our resalt showed was significantly noted that non-users had a better relationship with their parents than most users. 4) Smoking and drinking problean could be more easily developing into adolescent substance uses. 5) Alcohol, cigarette, and drug users showed more misconducts than other adolescents. 6) Most adolescents believe that drinking is necessary for making friends(55.0%), while smoking is just for killing time(50.9%). 7) Drinking, smoking, and other substance users were found to develop into more problematic habits. CONCLUSION: The present survey and several others show that adolescent substance uses in Korea are on the rise. Therefore, extensive counter-measures will be necessary followed by nationwide epidemiological survey of the pending issue, with the psychiatrists participating in the campaign.
Adolescent* ; Drinking ; Drug Users ; Financial Management ; Homicide ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Korea ; Narcotics ; Parents ; Psychiatry ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Problems ; Tobacco Products

OBJECTIVES: Group psychotherapy is known to be an effective treatment program for adolescents who attach importance to peer relationship, but it is not activated in Korea. Therefore, researchers performed weekly the closed, homogeneous, time-limited (10 sessions), outpatient group psychotherapy for adolescents with conduct disorder. Objectives of this study were as follows: first, we practiced the group psychotherapy for adolescents with conduct disorder and evaluated its effectiveness: second, we examined the therapeutic factors which were used by participants: third, we intended to settlee down the group psychotherapy for adolescents with CD as an effective and efficient treatment modality. METHODS: This study was performed two times from October to December in 1998 and from April to June in 1999. It was sponsored by Youth Counselling Center in H city. The case group were composed of 15 female students who were second grade in H high school, and 4 students were dropped out. The control group were composed of 18 female students who were same grade in H high school and 3 students were dropped out. Before and after this program, self-report delinquency scale, aggression scale and impulsivity scale were asked to them. And just after each session, Yalom 13 therapeutic factors scale and satisfaction questionnaire for group psychotherapy were asked to them. And at last meeting, total assessment questionnaire was asked to them. RESULTS: We compared the change of therapeutic factors between the former half sessions(1-5) and the later half sessions (6-10), and the results were as follows: in the former half, the upper ranks of therapeutic factors were existential factor, universality, catharsis, identification with leader, and identification with members in order. And in the later half, the upper ranks of therapeutic factors were catharsis, existential factor, identification with leader, identification with members, and guidance of members in order. The rank of catharsis and guidance of members went upward and the rank of universality went downward when we compared the ranks in the former half to those in the later half. Altruism and family enactment were the lowest ranked in both half. The satisfaction questionnaire for group psychotherapy showed to be helped by participants at the rate of 45.7% in former half, 83.3% in later half. The total assessment questionnaire showed the willingness of re-participation at the rate of 85.7% if future opportunity of group psychotherapy is given for them. CONCLUSIONS: The time-limited group psychotherapy for adolescents diagnosed by conduct disorder was very effectively practiced and the participants reported high level of the satisfaction. The outpatient group psychotherapy for adolescents would be expanded and practiced though there are several accompanied problems including the difficulty of structuring, the deficit of motivation, and financial problem.
Adolescent* ; Aggression ; Altruism ; Catharsis ; Conduct Disorder* ; Female ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Korea ; Motivation ; Outpatients* ; Psychotherapy, Group* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Purpose: Distal radial fractures are common in children and older adults, and numerous studies have analyzed their medical costs. However, no study has attempted to compare the medical costs of distal radial fractures in children and adults requiring surgical treatment in Korea. We therefore investigated this issue for the first time. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 96 pediatric and adult patients who underwent surgery for distal radial fractures performed by a single surgeon between January 2021 and January 2023. Patients were divided into adult (>16 years) and pediatric (≤16 years) groups. We examined patients’ demographic factors, surgical details, and inpatient costs. Results: The average total inpatient cost in the pediatric group was 1,640,000 Korean won (KRW), compared to 2,940,000 KRW in the adult group. The largest difference was in surgical material costs, which were approximately 700,000 KRW more expensive in adults. Kirschner wires were mainly used during surgery for pediatric patients, whereas volar locking plates were mainly used for adults. The number of C-arm fluoroscopy images obtained during surgery was higher in pediatric patients than in adults. The reoperation rate was higher in pediatric patients. Conclusion The inpatient costs of surgical treatment for pediatric patients with distal radius fractures were lower than for adults, primarily due to differences in the costs of surgical materials. However, the reoperation rate was higher in the pediatric group, and radiation exposure was also greater. Policy adjustments may be necessary to address these unique challenges in the treatment of pediatric wrist fractures.

Purpose: Distal radial fractures are common in children and older adults, and numerous studies have analyzed their medical costs. However, no study has attempted to compare the medical costs of distal radial fractures in children and adults requiring surgical treatment in Korea. We therefore investigated this issue for the first time. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 96 pediatric and adult patients who underwent surgery for distal radial fractures performed by a single surgeon between January 2021 and January 2023. Patients were divided into adult (>16 years) and pediatric (≤16 years) groups. We examined patients’ demographic factors, surgical details, and inpatient costs. Results: The average total inpatient cost in the pediatric group was 1,640,000 Korean won (KRW), compared to 2,940,000 KRW in the adult group. The largest difference was in surgical material costs, which were approximately 700,000 KRW more expensive in adults. Kirschner wires were mainly used during surgery for pediatric patients, whereas volar locking plates were mainly used for adults. The number of C-arm fluoroscopy images obtained during surgery was higher in pediatric patients than in adults. The reoperation rate was higher in pediatric patients. Conclusion The inpatient costs of surgical treatment for pediatric patients with distal radius fractures were lower than for adults, primarily due to differences in the costs of surgical materials. However, the reoperation rate was higher in the pediatric group, and radiation exposure was also greater. Policy adjustments may be necessary to address these unique challenges in the treatment of pediatric wrist fractures.

Purpose: Distal radial fractures are common in children and older adults, and numerous studies have analyzed their medical costs. However, no study has attempted to compare the medical costs of distal radial fractures in children and adults requiring surgical treatment in Korea. We therefore investigated this issue for the first time. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 96 pediatric and adult patients who underwent surgery for distal radial fractures performed by a single surgeon between January 2021 and January 2023. Patients were divided into adult (>16 years) and pediatric (≤16 years) groups. We examined patients’ demographic factors, surgical details, and inpatient costs. Results: The average total inpatient cost in the pediatric group was 1,640,000 Korean won (KRW), compared to 2,940,000 KRW in the adult group. The largest difference was in surgical material costs, which were approximately 700,000 KRW more expensive in adults. Kirschner wires were mainly used during surgery for pediatric patients, whereas volar locking plates were mainly used for adults. The number of C-arm fluoroscopy images obtained during surgery was higher in pediatric patients than in adults. The reoperation rate was higher in pediatric patients. Conclusion The inpatient costs of surgical treatment for pediatric patients with distal radius fractures were lower than for adults, primarily due to differences in the costs of surgical materials. However, the reoperation rate was higher in the pediatric group, and radiation exposure was also greater. Policy adjustments may be necessary to address these unique challenges in the treatment of pediatric wrist fractures.

Purpose: Distal radial fractures are common in children and older adults, and numerous studies have analyzed their medical costs. However, no study has attempted to compare the medical costs of distal radial fractures in children and adults requiring surgical treatment in Korea. We therefore investigated this issue for the first time. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 96 pediatric and adult patients who underwent surgery for distal radial fractures performed by a single surgeon between January 2021 and January 2023. Patients were divided into adult (>16 years) and pediatric (≤16 years) groups. We examined patients’ demographic factors, surgical details, and inpatient costs. Results: The average total inpatient cost in the pediatric group was 1,640,000 Korean won (KRW), compared to 2,940,000 KRW in the adult group. The largest difference was in surgical material costs, which were approximately 700,000 KRW more expensive in adults. Kirschner wires were mainly used during surgery for pediatric patients, whereas volar locking plates were mainly used for adults. The number of C-arm fluoroscopy images obtained during surgery was higher in pediatric patients than in adults. The reoperation rate was higher in pediatric patients. Conclusion The inpatient costs of surgical treatment for pediatric patients with distal radius fractures were lower than for adults, primarily due to differences in the costs of surgical materials. However, the reoperation rate was higher in the pediatric group, and radiation exposure was also greater. Policy adjustments may be necessary to address these unique challenges in the treatment of pediatric wrist fractures.

BACKGROUND: Thromboxane A2 and endothelin-1 are the potent vasoconstrictors affecting pulmonary pathophysiology in response to whole body inflammatin following CPB. Aprotinin, as an antiiflammatory agent, may decrease the release of such vasoactive substance from pulmonary tissues, preventing pulmonary hypertension after cardiopulmonary bypass. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ten mongrel dogs(Bwt. ac. 20kg) were subjected to cardioupulmonary bypass for 2 hours and postbypass pulmonary vascular resistance(0, 1, 2, 3 hours) were compared with prebypass level. The dogs were divided into 2 groups; control group(n-5) and aprotinin group(n=5). In the aprotinin group, aprotinin was administered as follows; 50,000 KIU/kg mixed in pump priming solution, 50,000 KIU/kg prebypass intravenous infusion over 30 minutes, 10,000 KIU/kg/hour postbypass continuous infusion. Prebypass and postbypass 0, 1, 2, 3 hour pulmonary vascular resistance were measured. At prebypass and postbypass 0, 90, 180 minutes, blood samples were obtained from pulmonary arterial and left atrial catherers for the assay of plasma thromboxane B2 a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2, and endothelin-1 concentrations. RESULT: The ratios of pustbypass over prebypass pulmonary vascular at postbypass 0, 1, 2, 3 hours were 1.28+/-0.20, 1.82+/-0.23, 1.90+/-0.19, 2.14+/-0.18 in control group, 1.58+/-0.18, 1.73+/-0.01, 1.66+/-0.10, 1.50+/-0.08 in aprotinin group ; the ratios gradually increased in control group while decreased or fluctuated after postbypass 1 hour in aprotinin group. There was statistically significant difference between control group and aprotinin group at postbypass 3 hours(P=0.014). Pulmonary arterial plasma concentration of thromboxane B2(pg/ml) at prebypass, postbypass 0, 90, 180 minutes were 346.4+/-61.9, 529.3+/-197.6, 578.3+/-255.8, 493.3+/-171.3 in control group, 323.8+/-118.0, 422.6+/-75.6, 412.3+/-59.9, 394.5+/-154.0 in aprotinin group. Left atrial concentrations were 339.3+/-89.2, 667.0+/-65.7, 731.2+/-192.7, 607.5+/-165.9 in control group, 330.0+/-111.2, 468.4+/-190.3, 425.4+/-193.6, 4.7.3+/-142.8 in aprotinin group. These results showed decrement of pulmonary thromboxane A2 generation in aprotinin group. Pulmonary arterial concentrations of endothelin-1(fmol/ml) at the same time sequence were 7.84+/-0.31, 13.2+/-0.51, 15.0+/-1.22, 16.3+/-1.73 in control group, 7.76+/-0.12, 15.3+/-0.71, 22.6+/-6.62, 14.9+/-1.11 in aprotinin group. Left atrial concentrations were 7.61+/-17.2, 57.1+/-28.4, 18.9+/-18.2, 31.5+/-20.5 in control group, 5.61+/-7.61, 37.0+/-26.2, 28.6+/-21.7, 37.8+/-30.6 in aprotinin group. These results showed that aprotinin had no effect on plasma endothelin-1 concentration after cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of aprotinin during cardiopulmonary bypass could attenuate the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance after bypass. Inhibition of pulmonary thromboxane A2 generation was thought to be one of the mechanism of this effect. Aprotinin had no effect on postbypass endothelin-1 concentration.
Animals ; Aprotinin* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Dogs ; Endothelin-1* ; Endothelins ; Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Plasma* ; Thromboxane A2 ; Thromboxane B2* ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

BACKGROUND: Bus drivers are known to be highly at risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the cardiovascular disease prevalence of bus company employees in Seoul, South Korea, and compared the results to those of general workers. METHODS: We analyzed the 2014 Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) data and defined hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease based on the KCD-6 medical diagnoses. We used bus company employees as surrogate participants of bus drivers due to the characteristics of Korean NHI data. We identified bus company employees in Seoul based on one’s workplace which the insurance is registered. The prevalence of five diseases was compared between the bus company employees and general workers. We also calculated the odds ratios (OR) of five diseases between the bus company employees and general workers. To compensate the vast demographical differences between the two groups, we performed propensity score matching. RESULTS: Bus company employees have higher OR for having hypertension (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.28–1.39), diabetes mellitus (1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), and dyslipidemia (1.23, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29) than the general workers or propensity score matched controls. However, the OR of having ischemic heart disease were not significant. The OR of cerebrovascular disease were lower in bus company employees than in the general workers after adjusting the covariates, but similar in the propensity score matched model. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the ORs of cardiovascular disease risk factors are high in bus company employees when compared to the general working population. Further studies with the longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm the causal association.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Dyslipidemias ; Hypertension ; Insurance ; Korea ; Myocardial Ischemia ; National Health Programs ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Propensity Score ; Risk Factors ; Seoul

Intraosseous hemangioma arising from nasal bone is rare and has not been reported in the Korean literature. Hemangioma of the bone accounts for 0.7% of all bone tumors. The craniofacial region is a rare site of involvement, with mandible, zygoma, and maxilla being the most frequently affected areas. A 63-year-old male patient presented with complaints of a protruding mass on the nasal dorsum that began 10 years ago. Computed tomography demonstrated a round mass with honeycomb appearance involving the nasal bone. An en bloc excision of the mass and nasal reconstruction was performed. Histopathological examination showed increased number of large cystically-dilated vessels with thin wall lying between thin trabeculae of lamellar bone in marrow space. During a one-year follow-up, the patient had no recurrence and cosmetic results were excellent. A case report of an intraosseous hemangioma arising on the nasal bone is described, together with a discussion of the relevant literature.
Bone Marrow ; Deception ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Bone ; Recurrence ; Rhinoplasty ; Zygoma