No abstract available.
Porokeratosis

No abstract available.
Lichen Planus ; Lichens

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar*

No abstract available.
Capillaries* ; Hemangioma, Capillary*

No abstract available.
Tattooing ; Warts

Intraocular pressure(IOP) in children is often measured during anesthesia because it is difficult to obtain aedquate cooperation from and awake child. Evaluation of the impact of anesthetic drugs on IOP is imperative for accurate diagnosis and essential in avoiding untoward alterations in IOP during intraocular surgery. IT has been widely believed that IOP is reduced by inhalation anesthetic agenta, but ketamine has been reported to increase IOP have no effect on IOP and to decrease on IOP. WE have investigated the effect of ketamine only, ketamine and halothane, and pentothal sodium and halothane anesthesia on IOP in children. Thirty patients, ranging in age from 5 to 10 years and ASA physical status l to ll, scheduled for elective surgery, were the study group. No patients had glaucoma or corneal laceration. The patients were not premedicated. After instillation of local anesthetic solution into the conjunctival sac, control measurements of IOP were obtained in one eye with a pneumatic Applanation Tonometer(Alcon). The patients were then randomly divided into 4 groups. In group A(10), IOP measurements were recorded for 10 minutes at one minute interval after ketamine 2mg/kg i.v. In group B(10), anesthesia was induced with ketamine 2mg/kg i.v. and succinylcholine 1mg/kg was used to facilitate tracheal intubation. IOP was measured one minute after thiopental and after intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with haothane (1%)-N2O(2L/min)-O2(2L/min) and IOP were measured for 10 minutes at one minute intervals. In group C(10), succinylcholine 1mg/kg given one minute after thiopental 4~5 mg/kg, trachea was intubated following fasciculation and anesthesia was maintained with halothane (1%)-N2O(2L/min)-O2(2L/min). Thereafter IOP was measured for 10 minutes at one minute intervals. All IOP measurements were made by the same examiner using the same instrument. Pulse and blood pressure were simultaneously monitored. The results were as follows: 1) In group : The control value of IOP was 22.1+/-31 mmHg. Two minutes after ketamine 2mg/kg i.v., mild a increase (2~4mmHg) of IOP was observed and persisted thoroughout the 10 minutes but it was not statistically significant(p>0.05). 2) In group B: After ketamine and succinylcholine, IOP was moderately increased (29.8+/-3.86mmHg) over the control (24.0+/-4.09mmHg). AFter intubation, IOP was markedly increased (32.0+/-4.04mmHg) (p<0.05). Apparently, the elevation in IOP after intubation became reverted and stabilized in 6 minutes to normal or below control level under halothane anesthesia. 3) In group C: The control value of IOP was 20.7+/-1.11mmHg. It showed that thiopental by itself caused a significant decreased in IOP (17.4+/-2.87mmHg) (p<0.05). As in B group, IOP increased after succinylcholine(23.0+/-3.87 mmHg) and intubation(29.4+/-3.69mmHg)(p<0.05). Elevated IOP lowered and stabilized in 4 minutes after halothane anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Fasciculation ; Glaucoma ; Halothane ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation ; Ketamine* ; Lacerations ; Sodium ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Trachea

An undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver (USL) is a rare and highly malignant hepatic neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. This tumor almost exclusively affects pediatric patients, with a poor prognosis. The highest incidence is noted in pediatric patients, usually from 5~10 years of age, but only 43 cases of USL have been reported in adults worldwide since it was first as a clinicopathological entity. With a USL in adults, most patients are known to have died within 1 year of diagnosis. The absence of specific symptoms, rapid tumor growth, normality of common tumor markers and the consequential delay in diagnosis often result in significant enlargement of the tumor, with a poor prognosis. Various therapeutic modalities have been attempted in adult patients, but only a few long-term survivors have been reported. Herein, our experience of a 42-year-old female patient who is still alive, 55 months after the first resection for a USL is reported.
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; Liver* ; Prognosis ; Sarcoma* ; Survivors* ; Biomarkers, Tumor

No abstract available.
Actins ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Prevalence

Background: While many studies have investigated the epidemiology and clinical features of female pattern hair loss (FPHL), few of these are long-term studies. Objective: This study evaluated and compared a large cohort of long-term FPHL patients to short-term FPHL patients from other studies. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Alopecia Clinic of the Department of Dermatology in Myongji Hospital of 982 FPHL patients during a 10-year period from March 2007 to February 2017. Results: The 3,549 alopecia patients included 2,342 (66.0%) with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients; among them, 982 (27.7%) had FPHL. Patients in their 30s (24.6%) were the most affected group of FPHL patients, followed by those in their 20s (21.7%), 40s (20.3%), 50s (13.8%), and teenagers (9.2%). The FPHL patients included 301 (30.5%) with a paternal familial predisposition, 136 (13.7%) with a maternal familial predisposition, and 70 (7.0%) with both familial predispositions. The FPHL patients were classified according to the Ludwig classification as type 1 (62.7%), type 2 (33.2%), or type 3 (3.9%). Abnormalities in serum total cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels were observed in 70 (14.3%) of 488 patients, and in 49 (21.2%) of 231 patients, respectively. The most common comorbid conditions were seborrheic dermatitis, followed by hypertension, hyperlipidemia, thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and anemia. When seborrheic dermatitis is excluded, thyroid diseases and PCOS were most common in patients in their 20s and 30s. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were most common in patients in their 40s. Conclusion Compared to studies from 20∼30 years ago, the proportion of FPHL patients among total alopecia patients appeared to increase significantly. In addition, the proportion of teenage patients has also increased, likely due to early puberty.