Early postnatal period is considered as the critical period for formation and maturation of the synapses. And cerebellum has the major role in the development of equilibrium and somatic motor function, especially in the early postnatal age. So, I performed this study to investigate the morphological changes of the synapses in the rat cerebellar cortex. Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental animals. The ultrastructure of Synapses was observed in six groups ; 3-day, 1-week, 2-week, 3-week, 4-week, 5-week. The results are as followes. 1. After birth, the synaptic density was increased gradually by the forth week. 2. The length of postsynaptic densities was increased significantly in the period between first and second week. 3. There was significant correlation between the length of postsynaptic densities and the area of synaptic vesicle clusters. 4. The frequency of asymmetric and/or frown synapses was increased dramatically with advancing ages. According to the above results, the synaptogenesis in the rat cerebellum is very active in their early postnatal periods. And asymmetric and/or active frown synapses were the major type of synapses with advancing ages.
Animals ; Cerebellar Cortex* ; Cerebellum ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Parturition ; Post-Synaptic Density ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synapses* ; Synaptic Vesicles

No abstract available.
Child* ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans ; Plasmapheresis*

The purpose of this study was to compare surface roughness and bone formation around two types of threaded commercially pure titanium implants manufactured by two different companies. The test implants were manufactured by Sumin synthesis dental materials Co. (Avana, Busan, Korea), while the controls were manufactured by Nobel Biocare (MK II, Goteborg, Sweden). To compare bone formation adjacent to newly product with Branemark MK II implant, surface roughness was measured by Accurate 1500M and histomorphometric analysis was done. The results were as follows : 1. Measurement of surface roughness showed that Avana implant had a slightly more irregular surface compared with Branemark implant. 2. In the light microscopic studies, no infiltration of inflammatory cells nor the giant cells wee observed on both groups. 3. In th light and fluorescent microscopic studies, the amount of osseointegration and the extent and the timing of bone formation were similar. 4. There were no statistically difference between two groups in the average bone to implant contacts. Branemark implant ; 67%(SC 23%), Avana implant ; 70%(SD 16%). Comparing with Branemark implant, Avana implant made of CP grade II titanium showed similar good bone healing, formation and osseointegration.
Busan ; Dental Materials ; Giant Cells ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Titanium*

No abstract available.
Porokeratosis

Esthetics is important in restoring maxillary anterior area. Alveolar bone resorption and loss of interdental papilla may be minimized by immediate implantation. Previous studies showed successful results with the immediate implantation in healthy extraction socket, while many of these studies objected the immediate implantation into extraction sites with periapical lesions. Recent studies, however, reported successful results of the immediate implantation into extraction sites with periapical lesions with careful debridement of extraction sockets and general medication of antibiotics prior to implantation. A 73-year-old female visited the department of Prosthodontics in oo University Dental Hospital with the chief complaint of fallen post-core and crown on left maxillary incisor. Although the incisor was with vertical root fracture and periapical lesion, the immediate implantation following the extraction of tooth was planned. Thorough socket debridement, irrigation with chlorhexidine, and tetracycline soaking were followed by immediate implantation. The general medication of antibiotics (Moxicle Tab.(R), 375 mg) was prescribed before and after the surgery. Immediate provisional restoration was delivered two days after the surgery, and the definitive metal-ceramic restoration was placed about six months later after reproducing the emergence profile from the provisional restoration. This case presents satisfying result esthetically and functionally upto two years after the placement of prosthesis with the harmonious gingival line and no loss of marginal bone.
Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bone Resorption ; Chlorhexidine ; Crowns ; Debridement ; Esthetics ; Female ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Incisor ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthodontics ; Tetracycline ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To determine the morphology and location of normal pancreatic tail, as seen on abdominal CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hundred and one patients without pancreatic disease underwent CT scanning. We thendetermined how to relate the location of the pancreatic tail with the splenic hilum, left kidney, and pancreaticbody. We compared the thickness of the tail with that of the body and analysed of the morphology of the tail. RESULTS: Seventy-seven percent of all pancreatic tails were located below the splenic hilum, with 59% of thisproportion located located 1 to 2 cm below. Fifty percent of tails were located at the level of the uppermostquarter of the left kidney, and a further 27% at the level of the second quarter ; 75% were located in theventrolateral portion of this kidney and 23% in the ventral portion. In 48% of patients, the pancreatic tail andbody were the same thickness, and in a further 48%, the tail was thicker than the body. In 34% of patients, thetail showed focal bulging, and in another 32%, it tapered smoothly. Forty seven percent of tails were locatedbelow the pancreatic body and a further 37% were found at the same level as the body. CONCLUSION: Abdominal CTscans showed differing morphology and location of the pancreatic tail. The recognition of these variations willdiminish speculation as to their true nature.
Humans ; Kidney ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

To evaluate the nutritional status according to the degree of metabolic acidosis(MA) and determine that MA is a risk factor for malnutrition, we screened the laboratory data of 37 hemodialysis(HD) patients who were clinically stable for more than 6 months and taken bioelectrical impedence analysis(BIA) twice 6 months apart to check lean body mass (LBM). Mean age of patients was 49.1+/-15.0 years and sex ratio 1:2.4. Mean serum albumin level was 3.97+/-0.36g/dl and weekly Kt/V and normalized protein catabolic rate(nPCR) were 3.04+/-0.85 and 0.99+/-0.21g/kg/day. According to mean total CO2 content during the periods between BIA, the patients were divided to three groups[group 1(n=16):&18mEq/L, group 2(n=9):18< or =tCO2&21mEq/L, group 3(n=12):> or =21mEq/L). Group 1 had significantly higher body weight gain than group 2 and 3(1.82+/-1.62 vs. 0.77+/-3.13 and 1.35+/-3.85kg, P<0.05), and higher LBM gain(1.99+/-4.38 vs. 3.35+/-7.99kg, P<0.05), nPCR(1.05+/-0.20 vs. 0.91+/-0.13g/kg/day, P<0.05), intact parathyroid hormone(88.4+/-78.7 vs. 32.0+/-26.5pg/ml, P< 0.05), and phosphate(5.4+/-1.3 vs. 3.9+/-1.3mg/dl, P< 0.05) than group 3. There were no differences in age, serum albumin, BUN, creatinine and weekly Kt/V among three groups. Mean total CO2 level was inversely correlated with body weight gain and LBM gain. In conclusion, metabolic acidosis in stable HD patients may be the result of high protein intake and not related to decrease of body weight by protein catabolism.
Acidosis* ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Metabolism ; Nutritional Status ; Renal Dialysis* ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin ; Sex Ratio

PURPOSE: Korea started breast cancer screening as part of the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) in 1999. In order to identify under-served groups, we investigated mammography uptake in the National Breast Cancer Screening Program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was participants in the National Breast Cancer Screening Program from 2004 to 2008. We analyzed participation rates by insurance type, age group, and area of residence. RESULTS: Total participation rates for breast cancer screening increased from 18.2% in 2004 to 35.0% in 2008. The participation rate in the group aged 60 to 69 years showed the greatest increase, 21.3%, among the four age groups. Although the screening rate increased continuously, the participation rate of the Medical Aid Program (MAP) group was low compared to the National Health Insurance (NHI) group. Moreover, the increasing trend of mammography uptake in the MAP group was much lower than that of the NHI group. CONCLUSION: The participation rate for breast cancer screening in the NCSP in Korea has increased. However, the participation rate in mammography among MAP recipients is still lower than that of NHI beneficiaries. To increase mammography uptake, it is important to make it available to everyone by ensuring inclusion of all population subgroups.
Aged ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; National Health Programs ; Patient Participation

Retrograde endoscopic or percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage is the treatment of choice for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. An expanding metal stent, Endocoil spiral stent, with strong radial force was developed to solve the problems of other metal stents which include obstruction by tumor ingrowth, migration, and epithelial trauma from the distal hard edges of the stent. A choledochoduodenal fistula is occasionally found during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatiography (ERCP) or barium radiography. Cholelithiasis is suspected to be the leading cause in some endemic areas like Korea but duodenal ulcer is more common in Western countries. The case reported here is of a 78-year-old woman, suffering from vomiting, epigastric pain, and abdominal distension, who had a Endocoil spiral stent in the common bile duct (CBD) for pancreatic head cancer for 8 months. During barium radiograph, a fistulous connection between the proximal second part of duodeum and the CBD was identified.
Aged ; Barium ; Bile Ducts ; Cholelithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Drainage ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Female ; Fistula* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Humans ; Korea ; Radiography ; Stents* ; Vomiting

Human papillomavirus(HPV) has been implicated in the development of uterine cervical cancer. Detectioe of the small amounts of HPV DNA in cervical cells has been very difficult. The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is a new technique that can specifically amplify target DNA to facilitate its detectiion. PCR technique wes used to detect HPV types 16 and 18 in cervical specimeas obtained from nnormal cervix(20 cases), dysplasia(25 cses), carcinoma in situ(21 cases), microinvasive cancer(ll cases), and invasive cancer(46 cases). And then, case of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix were analyzed to determine that the presence of specific human papillomavirus DNA in the neoplasm was a contributing factor to their outcome. The detection rate of HPV 16 DNA in normnal cervix, dysplasia, ClS, microinvasive cancer, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma were 50.0%, 36.0%, 81.0%, 45.5%, and 58.7%, respectively. The detection rate of HPV 18 DNA in normal cervix, dysplasia, CIS, microinvasive cancer, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma were 0.0%, 8,0%, 4.8%, 0.0%, and 19.6%, respectively. of the factors evaluated in invasive cervical cancer, adenocarcinomatous component(p= 0.004) and tumor grade(p=0.015) were found to be correlated with HPV l8 infection. 5 of 8 women whose tumors contained glandular elements had HPV 18 DNA, whereas only 4 of 38 women whose tumors contained only squamous elements showed this infection. 6 of 9 women of HPV l8 infected tumors were grade 3 tumors as compared to only 7 of 28 of HPV 16 infected tumors. Age at diagnosis and nodal status in relation to HPV type 18 exhibited a trend but were not statisitically significant. These observations suggest that HPV type 18 may be associated with a more aggressive form of cervical cancer than HPV type 16.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*