Objective: To study the therapeutic mechanism of adenovirus mediated cytosine deaminase /5-fluorocytosine (AdCMVCD/ 5-FC) suicide gene system in the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. Methods: 3H-thymidine ( 3H-TdR) incorporation assay, flow cytometry (FCM), transmission electron microscope and TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling)assay were used to detected the changes of Tca8113 cells after the treatment with AdCMVCD/5-FC system. Results: After treatment with CD/5-FC system, 3H-TdR incorporation rate of the cells decreased and significantly decreased between different MOI (multiple of infection) at 5-FC 10 -3 mol/L (P0.05); many apoptotic cells were found under transmission electron microscope and the positive rate of apoptotic cells increased from (4.40?0.87)% (before treatment) to (15.80?1.55)% (P

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of enophthalmos and deformities of orbital walls in patients with orbital blowout fracture and to evaluate the reconstructive surgical methods. Methods The features of orbital deformities, the change of orbital volume and the mechanisms of enophthalmos were measured and analyzed by means of 3-D CT technique and 3-D diagnostic computer-assisted system. The reconstructive operations were employed on these 11 cases with orbital blowout fractures to correct deformities and restore orbital volume by applying autogenous bone grafts or hydroxyapatite bone substitutes. Results There were no serious complications such as infection of bone graft, exposure of hydroxypatite implant in all 11 cases, 10 cases got satisfactory appearance of eyelids and orbit, of which thediplopia and enophthalmos were corrected with protrution of eyeball restoring normally. 1 case remained diplopia after surgical correction. Conclusions The enophthalmos is mainly caused by orbital volume enlarging and orbital content herniating into paranasal sinuses. Implanting autogenous grafts and hydroxyapatite substitutes to restore orbital volume are proved to be effective.

0.05 ),respectively. Conclusions:Modified radical neck dissection with internal jugular vein preservation may have similar therapeutic effect to radical neck dissection.

Objective To investigate the aesthetic relations and internal regularities in normal craniofacial stereoscopic architecture. Methods By means of computer aided three dimensional measurement and analysis, a study on morphological features and inter relations of the cranio orbitozygomatic maxilla structures of twenty youths with pretty facial appearance was carried out. Results There were remarkable differences between each craniofacial structure in different sexes, but the ratio indices that represented the inter-relations of different craniofacial structures were closely similar in both sexes. In the group of youths the asymmetry ratios between bilateral craniofacial structures were below 5 % , presenting the perfect symmetry feature. The asymmetry ratios and their standard deviations of the zygomas and angulus mandibulae were relatively large . The results suggested that these two characteristic parts which influence the whole appearance were easily changeable with different individuals. There were close co relations between coronal axis width and sagittal axis protrusion in main structures of craniofacial region. These relationships could sum up in linear regression equations. Conclusion There are internal aesthetic regularities of coordinative ratios and harmonious symmetry in normal three dimensional craniofacial architecture, which determines the pretty appearance of youths. These internal regularities and aesthetic principles should be considered in designing and performing craniofacial aesthetic plastic operation so as to get excellent surgical results.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of modified combined radical neck dissection remaining integrality of mandible in the surgical management of advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:39 cases of advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma received modified combined radical operation remaining integrality of mandible,7-year follow-up was conducted.Results:Integrality of mandible and the function of mastication were remained in all the cases.1 and 3 years after operation there were 1 case and 9 cases of recurrence respectively.Metastasis was found in 5 cases.The 3-year survival rate was(61.72?5.44)%.Conclusion:The modified combined radical neck dissection remaining integrality of mandible is feasible in the treatment of advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:To study the influence of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)on craniomaxillofacial development of C57 mice. Methods:Pregnant C57BL mice were divided into 4 groups(n =5)at gestation day (GD)1 0.Mice in three atRA-induction groups were given atRA of 60,80 and 1 00 mg/kg,respectively.The mice in control group were given the equivalent volume of corn oil.All pregnant mice were sacrificed at GD1 9 and the embryos were collected.Stereo microscope was used to observe the craniomaxillofacial morphology.Standardized radiographs were taken and cephalometric analysis was performed.Results:The embryonic body length and body mass of control group surpassed those of 80 and 1 00 mg/kg atRA groups(P <0.05,P <0.01 ).atRA induced craniomaxillofacial malformations and maldevelopment.The mice induced by atRA exhibited a shorter mandibular body and more retrusive position of max-illary and mandibular(∠NAK and ∠NBD)when compared with their norm(P <0.01 ).Significant decrease in craniofacial length (Op-Rh)was observed in all atRA-induced groups(P <0.01 ).Decreases in cranial vault height(Fp-Os)and cranial vault length(Pa-Na)dimensions were observed in 80 and 1 00 mg/kg atRA groups(P <0.05,P <0.01 ).Conclusion:Exogenous atRA dose-depend-ently induces retardation of craniomaxillofacial morphology in embryo of C57BL mice by inhibition of the sagital and vertical dimension development of the bone.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on the function of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) expression in embryonic palate.

METHODSCleft palate mice model was established by atRA. On gestation day (GD) 15 and GD 17, the pregnant mice were killed to obtain the embryos from the uteri. The embryonic palates were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and the remaining sections were used for the immunohistochemistry of BMPR2 detection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression levels of Bmpr2 mRNA.

RESULTSIn the atRA-treated group, short extensions and failure to fuse with each other were observed. The positive expression of BMPR2 was detected in developing palatal process from GD 15 to GD 17 in the control group. Compared with those of the control group, BMPR2 protein and Bmpr2 mRNA decreased in the atRA-treated group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of pregnant mice with retinoic acid produces small palatal shelves in their fetuses and down-regulates BMPR2 expressions.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Cleft Palate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; Tretinoin

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of pingyangmycin (PYM) injection on infantile hemangioma located in the parotid gland region. Methods Twelve patients were treated by intralesional injection of PYM. When necessary, the injections were repeated at an interval of one week, but not more than 3-4 sessions within a therapeutic period. Normally, the secondary therapeutic period was performed 1 month later. The general and local adverse responses were recorded and the clinical outcomes were assessed with a follow-up of 1 to 3 years. Results Complete clinical resolutions were achieved in 10 patients. 2 patients received one injection, 3 patients received 2 injections, 3 patients received 3 injections, and 2 patients received 4 injections. The remaining 2 patients with partial resolution received 6 and 7 injections respectively. No clinical recurrence was observed during the follow-up of 1 to 3 years. No ulcerations or postoperative sears in injection regions were presented. The function of facial nerve was remained normality in all patients. The systematic side effects included transient pyrexia and poor appetite appeared in partial patients. No allergy cases were found. Conclusion Treatment of infantile hemangioma located in parotid gland region with PYM injection reveals a high rate of complete clinical resolution, with fair cosmetic results and short treatment time, and it does not damage the facial nerve or form local scar.The treatment time of PYM injection seems to be positively related to size of the lesions.

ObjectiveTo investigate an optimal treatment of localized low flow type venous malformation located in the oral and maxillofacial region.MethodsFifty seven patients with localized low-flow venous malformation were treated by intralesional injection of PYM.The injections was repeated at an interval of 10 to 14 days,but not more than 3-5 sessions within a therapeutic period.If necessary,the secondary therapeutic period was performed 1 month later.The general and local adverse responses and the appearance improvement were recorded.The clinical outcomes and aesthetic effects were assessed with a follow-up of 1 to 3 years.ResultsAfter 3-8 injections,complete clinical resolutions were achieved in 52 patients.The deformity disappeared thoroughly.The surface skin and the appearance of lesions showed normal.4 patients received completed lesion control and showed nor mal skin or muco but a little hypertrophy tissue.One venous malformation reduced 2/3 volume after 8injections but improved slowly.The therapeutic time seemed to be related with the size of lesion.Diameter less than 3 cm could be usually cured within 1 treatment period.No ulcerations or scars were presented in injection regions.The function of nerves in oral and maxillofacial region remained normality in all patients.The systematic complication included transient pyrexia and poor appetite appeared in several cases.No allergy was found.No clinical recurrence was observed during the follow-up.ConclusionsTreatment of localized low-flow venous malformations in oral and maxillofacial region with PYM sclerotherapy reveals a high rate of complete clinical resolution,a fair cosmetic and function result,and does not damage facial nerves or form local scars.And it might be regard as an optimal therapeutic method to localized low-flow venous malformations.

Objective To review the clinical characteristics of paraganglioma of the urinary bladder with 5 cases reprt.Methods The clinical data of 5 patients (2 males and 3 females,age 23-68 years)with paraganglioma of the urinary bladder were reported.Two cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography during health examination,1 case was found by hematuria,1 had difficulty of voiding,and 1 presented with palpitation,chest discomfort while urination.Two cases were clinical diagnosed as bladder paraganglioma,1case urachal carcinoma,and 2 cases bladder tumor.Cystoscopy showed a protruding tumor within the bladder or bladder had compressed changes.One case of tumor located in the triangle,1 in the posterior wall,1in the top,2 in the anterior wall.Three cases of biopsy were negative.Three cases of preoperative endocrine examinations showed norepinephrine significantly higher.Results Laparoscopic partial cystectomy was performed in 3 cases,open partial cystectomy in 1 case,and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in 1 case.One case had the complication of stress cardiomyopathy during TURBT,3 cases found intraoperative hypertensive crisis.The bleeding volume was 20-800 ml (average 126 ml),and I case received blood transfusion.During the follow-up period for 3-48 months,the blood pressure was normal,and no recurrence was found.Conclusions Bladder paraganglioma is uncommon and easily misdiagnosed.For the patients with bladder tumor,accompanied by changes in blood pressure,palpitations during urination should be highly suspicious of bladder paraganglioma.Partial cystectomy is the main treatment method.