objective To analyze the correlation between the level of serum uric acid and the clinical and pathological features of IgA nephropathy.Methods Totally 148 patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy in our hospital from January 2007 to December 2010 were divided into hyperuricaemic group(41 cases)and non-hyperuricaemic group(107 cases)according to the level of serum uric acid.The clinical parameters and renal pathology grade were compared.Results There were significant differences between hyperuricaemic group and non-hyperuricaemic group in the incidences of hypertension(63.4%vs 38.3%),disease duration[(18.90±10.12)months vs(9.46±3.91)months]and body mass index[(22.81±3.60)kg/m2vs(15.32±2.54)kg/m2](all P<0.05),while no differences in age and sex(both P>0.05).The blood urea nitrogen(BUN)[(8.93±4.28)mmol/L vs (5.21±2.18)mmol/L],creatinine(Cr)[(155.96±107.72)μmol/L vs(79.52±40.01)μmol/L],serum triglycerides[(2.11±1.06)mmoVL vs(1.86±1.20)mmol/L]and 24-hour urine protein amount [(4328.16±1434.25)mg/24 h vs(2885.10±1388.15)mg/24 h]were significantly different between the two groups(all P<0.05).The percentage of Lee's grade I+Ⅱin hyperuricaemic group was 12.2%,and IV+V grade was 39.0%,while percentage of Lee's grade I+Ⅱin non-hyperuricaemic group was 25.2%,and IV+V grade was 16.9%(P<0.05).Tubulointerstitial lesions(TIL)gradeⅢ+IV was more in hyperuricaemic group,which was 68.3%,while TIL grade II was more in non-hyperuricaemic group,which was 76.6%.Renal artery damage grade II+Ⅲ was more in hyperuricaemic group.which was 73.2%,while renal artery damage grade 0+1 was more in non-hyperuricaemic group,which was 69.2%.Conclusion The level of serum uric acid was related with 24-hour urine protein amount,blood pressure and kidney function in IgA nephropathy,and Lee's grade,TIL grade and renal artery damage grade were severe in hyperuricaemic group.

Objective To evaluate large field diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in detection of bone metastases of malignant tumors. Methods Eighteen patients with various malignant tumors were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent large field DWI and 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy within one month. Results Fifteen of 18 patients were diagnosed as bone metastases with conventional MRI; 7 of them were found more than 10 bone metastases, and 23 bone metastases were confirmed in the other 8 patients. When seven patients with multiple bone metastases (>10) were excluded, and lesions in the residual 11 patients with or without bone metastases were counted, the diagnostic sensitivity of bone metastases with large field DWI and bone scintigraphy was both 100%, and specificity were 100% and 33.33%, respectively. ROC study showed the area under curve (AUC) of large field DWI and bone scintigraphy were 1.00 and 0.67, respectively (P=0.04). With lesion numbers as study unit, the diagnostic sensitivity of large field DWI and bone scintigraphy were 86.96% and 78.26%, and the specificity was both 60.00%. ROC study showed the AUC of large field DWI and bone scintigraphy was 0.74, 0.69, respectively; and no statistical difference was found. Conclusion Large field DWI can be used in screening the bone metastases of malignant tumors.

Objeetive:To investigate the epidemiology of EBV in adenoidal hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis and discuss the effection of EBV on the nosogenesis of adenoidal hypertrophy and tonsillitis of children.Method:Fifty-two children with chronic tonsillitis and/or adenoidal hypertrophy had the operations of the tonsillectomy and/or the adenoidectomy.These tissues reseeted and plasma of all cases were detected to find EBV-DNA by RQPCR.Result:The infection rate of EBV in the tissues of adenoidal hypertrophy and tonsillitis of childen was 51.9%.The boys'infection rate of EBV was 50.0%,and the girls'infection rate of EBV was 55.6%,which had not significantly different.The EBV infection rate in the tissues of tonsillitis was 40.4%,The EBV infection rate in the tissues of adenoidal hypertrophy was 48.9%,which had not significant difference.The school age group(7to 14 years old)presented higher infection rate of EBV in the tissues of adenoid and tonsil(65.5%)than the preschool children group(2 to 6 years old)(34.8%).Comparing the copies numbers of BV-DNA in the different degrees of adenoidal hypertrophy,we found that the copies numbers of EBV-DNA in the severe hypertrophy group were higher than the midrange and slight hypertrophy groups(P＜0.05).Meanwhile we detected EBV-DNA in these childrens'blood plasma by RQ-PCR.No blood plasma was detected EBV-DNA copies higher than normal(＜1×10~3 copies/ml).Conclusion:The tissues of adenoidal hypertrophy and tonsillitis had same sensitivity to EBV.There was not significant difference between the infection rates of the boys and girls with adenoidal hypertrophy and/or tonsillitis.With these children growing up and the course of diseases prolonging,the infection rate of EBV increased correspondingly.There was a certain correlation between the hypertrophy of adenoid and EBV.There were NO EBV-DNA fragments in blood plasma of the children with adenoidal hypertrophy and/or tonsillitis.So there were essential different between benign hyperplasy and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To observe ransurethral flexible ureteroscopey for two-step precise method treatment of parapelvic cyst. Methods From May 2014 to November 2015, 23 patients of parapelvic cyst underwent a ransurethral flexible ureteroscopey for two-step precise method treatment, then analyze the clinical data of patients, observe the therapeutic effect. Results All patients underwent primary surgery successfully while 4 cases among them were confirmed as urine level puncture calyceal diverticulum treated with flexible ureteroscopy diverticulum expand drainage, the other 19 cases were confirmed as renal cyst and treated with cyst incision drainage successfully. The hemoglobin before and after surgery showed no changes. With no blood transfusion, the average postoperative hospitalization time was 2 d. 1 day after surgery, KUB was to locate the DJ tube position; 1 month later, ultrasound or CT check show that the cyst volume was significantly reduced, postoperative follow-up range from 6 months to 1 year. All the patients had no long-term complications. Conclusion Ransurethral flexible ureteroscopey for two-step precise method treatment of parapelvic cyst and renal pelvis lamp beside diverticulum provide a clear direction for the next operation. It's simple operation with no significant complications and recovered quickly, which is an ideal method for the treatment of renal pelvic.

Aim To investigate the selective inhibition of ethanol on muscarinic receptor-or 5-HT receptor-me-diated contractile responses in the circular smooth mus-cle strips isolated from the different regions of rat stom-ach. Methods Circular muscle strips isolated from the rat gastric fundus, body, cardia and pylorus were prepared, and the contractile responses to carbachol ( CCh ) or 5-HT were recorded. Results Ethanol (0. 000 05~0. 000 5, V/V) did not affect the contrac-tile response to CCh in circular muscle strips from the rat gastric fundus and cardia, and that to 5-HT in the strips from rat gastric fundus and body ( P >0. 05 ) . However, ethanol(0. 000 1 and 0. 000 5) significantly inhibited the Emax value of the contraction by CCh from (12. 18 ± 0. 33) g of control level to (10. 88 ± 0. 41) g and -lgEC50 value from ( 6. 33 ± 0. 05 ) of control level to (6. 12 ± 0. 06)(P <0. 05) in the strips from rat gastric body. Ethanol(0. 000 1 and 0. 000 5) also significantly inhibited the Emax value of the contraction by CCh from (2. 87 ± 0. 15) g of control level to (2. 2 ± 0. 13) g and -lgEC50 value from (6. 49 ± 0. 10) of control level to (6. 05 ± 0. 09)(P<0. 01) in the strips from rat gastric pylorus. Moreover, ethanol ( 0. 000 1 and 0. 000 5) significantly inhibited the Emax value of the contraction by 5-HT from (2. 93 ± 0. 35) g of con-trol level to ( 2. 1 ± 0. 30 ) g ( P<0. 05 ) , but did not affect the -lgEC50 value in the strips from rat gastric cardia. Conclusions Ethanol inhibits the contractile responses to 5-HT only in the circular muscle strips of rat gastric cardia, and it inhibits the contractile respon-ses to CCh more strongly in the circular muscle strips of gastric pylorus than gastric body. In those gastric circular muscle strips, ethanol decreases both the ac-tivity and affinity of CCh to muscarinic receptors, but decreases only the activity of 5-HT to its receptors.

ObjectiveTo explore two different anesthesia methods on hemodynamics and the quality of palinesthesia in elderly patients during peroperative period.Methods Sixty elderly patients with Hip Replacement( ASA,Ⅰ,Ⅱ ) were randomly divided into general anesthesia group ( group A,n =30 ) and combined general and epidural anesthesia group( group B,n =30).The changes of mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate( HR ) were monitored before induction of anesthesia( T1 ),at intubation( T2 ),during skin incision (T3) and at the time of extubation ( T4 ),at 30 min after extubation ( T5 ) and at the same time,the dosage of general anesthetics and each index's time after operation to awake were recorded of the patients in both groups.ResultsThe MAP and HR of patients in two groups at T2,T3,T4,T5 were all increased when compared with T1.And the increasing degree of MAP and HR in group A were higher than that in group B ( MAP:within group F =17.352,interaction F =4.326,between groups F =8.652; HR:within group F =11.561,interaction F =5.241 between groups F =7.248; P ＜ 0.05 ).The dosage of general anesthetics was significantly different between two groups[ sevoflurane:(1.40 ± 0.30)MAC vs (1.00 ± 0.12 )MAC,t =0.37,P＜0.05 ; fentanyl:(0.34 ±0.08)mg vs(0.18 ±0.03) mg,t =0.21,P ＜0.05 ; vecuronium:(6.20 ±0.32) mg vs(4.10 ±0.31 ) mg,t =1.24,P ＜0.05 ; propofol:(448 ±24) mg vs(393 ±26) mg,t =3.46,P ＜0.05].There was significant difference on gag reflex time [ ( 18.00 ± 1.27 ) min vs ( 12.31 ± 2.54 ) min,t =2.74,P ＜ 0.05 ],time to extubation [ ( 24.03 ± 2.42 ) min vs ( 16.05 ± 1.20 ) min,t =3.68,P ＜ 0.05 ],fully awake time [(29.54±5.24)min vs(19.25±2.64)min,t=1.35,P＜0.05] between these two groups.ConclusionThe two different anesthesia methods can ensure haemodynamic stability of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement during peroperative period.But compared with general anesthesia group,combined general and epidural anesthesia group can reduce the dosage of general anesthetics and shorten the time of extubation significantly,it is a viable and an ideal method.

Aim To investigate the role of endothe-lium in the enhancement of phenylephrine-mediated vasoconstriction by bupivacaine in the isolated rat aor-ta.Methods The isolated rat aortic rings were pre-pared, and the vascular endothelium was removed chemically or physically .Phenylephrine-mediated vas-oconstriction was recorded .Results A pretreatment with bupivacaine at 30 μmol · L-1 for 20 min signifi-cantly increased the Emax value of vasoconstrictive re-sponses to phenylephrine from 2.22 ±0.07 g of sol-vent-controlled group to 2.50 ±0.05 g ( P<0.01 ) in the isolated endothelium-intact rat aorta.However, the Emax value was not significantly changed by a pretreat-ment with bupivacaine at 30 μmol · L-1 for 5 , 10 or 15 min ( P>0.05 ) .A pretreatment with bupivacaine at 30 μmol · L-1 for 20 min slightly but significantly inhibited the vasoconstrictive responses to low concen-tration of phenylephrine in the isolated endothelium-de-nuded rat aorta (P<0.05).In the isolated endotheli-um-intact rat aorta under a combined treatment with in-dometacin, ChTX, apamin and L-NAME, the vasodi-lator responses to acetylcholine were completely sup-pressed , and a pretreatment with bupivacaine at 30μmol· L-1 for 20 min did not significantly affect the vasoconstrictive responses to phenylephrine ( P >0.05 ) .Conclusion Bupivacaine enhances α1-adre-noceptor-mediated vasoconstriction by inhibiting vascu-lar endothelium in the isolated endothelium-intact rat aorta, Which potentiates indirectly the vasoconstrictive responses to phenylephrine .

Objective To study the ultrastructural features of myocytes in uterine junctional zone (JZ).Methods From August 2010 to August 2013,there were 16 pre-menopause patients who suffered from cervical neoplasm to be performed hysterectomy.Samples of JZ and outer myometrium (OM) of hysterectomy specimens were collected.There were 8 specimens from the proliferative-phase and 8 specimens from the secretory-phase of endometrium.Ultrastructural features of JZ and OM were examined by using transmission electron microscopy and the related indices of myocytes were compared by using Student's t test.Results At JZ,there were more cytoplasmic process in the myocytes.The myocytes of JZ exhibited significant difference compared with those of OM.Firstly,the contractile structural components,such as the dense patches,dense bodies and the myofilaments were less abundant.In contrast,the perinuclear cell organelles were more distinct.The mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were more prominent,denoting active protein synthesis.Secondly,the mean diameter of cell and nuclei demonstrated cyclic change.In proliferative phase of endometrium,the cell diameters of JZ and OM were (4.70_±0.52) and (4.69± 1.20) μm,respectively,which there were no significant difference(P=0.987).While in secretory phase,the cell diameters of JZ and OM were (3.75±0.36) and (4.92±0.51) μm,which there were significant difference (P=0.006).In proliferative phase,the nuclei diameters of JZ and OM were (3.24±0.41) and (2.90±0.62) μm,and in secretory phase,the nuclei diameters of JZ and OM were (2.44±0.27) and (2.92±0.44) μm.There were no significantly different in both phases (P=0.374,P=0.097).The diameters of cell and nuclei had cyclical changes (P ＜ 0.05).However,the cyclical changes were absent in OM (P＞ 0.05).Thirdly,the myofilaments/cytoplasm ratio of JZ in proliferative and secretory phases were 0.27±0.04 and 0.34±0.03,which were significantly less than those of OM in respective phases (0.49±0.03and 0.54±0.03;P=0.000,P=0.000).The myofilaments/cytoplasm ratio exhibited cyclical changes in JZ (P=0.029),but in OM,the cyclical changes were absent (P=0.083).Conclusions Compared with OM,ultrastructures associated with synthetic organelles are prominent,whereas the contractile organelles are reduced.And there are the cyclical changes in ultrastructural characteristics.The ultrastructural features of JZ are the basis of its physiology.

Objective: To dynamically evaluate left ventricular perfusion, global and local functional changes during left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) formation and to explore the relationship between the size of LVA and LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV by gated99mTc-MIBI SPECT (GSPECT) and gated18F-FDG PET metabolic (GPET) imaging in experimental pigs. Methods: LVA model was established by occlusion of left circumlfex artery (LCX) and placing an Ameroid constrictor at the proximal end of left anterior descending artery (LAD) in a total of 16 Chinese mini-pigs. At the 1st, 4th and 8th weeks of surgery, the changes of total perfusion defect (TPD), LVA formation and LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV were dynamically evaluated by GSPECT and GPET; the relationships between the size of LVA and LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV were analyzed respectively.Results: There were 5 pigs died in surgery and 2 died at the 1st week of modeling. According to golden (pathological) standard, 9 animals successfully ifnished the dynamic imaging study. At the 1st week of (basic) modeling, 4 animals formed large LVA, 2 formed small LVA at the apex and 3 without LVA formation. At the 4th and 8th weeks of modeling, dynamic imaging presented that the animals with large LVA had gradually increased range and degree of perfusion defect, LVEDV, LVESV, while gradually decreased LVEF; the above indexes were relatively stable in animals with small or none LVA. In addition, the size of LVA was related to LVEF (r=-7.26), LVEDV (r=0.855) and LVESV (r=0.825), allP<0.05. Conclusion: In experimental pigs, at the beginning of LVA formation, large range and severe perfusion defect may cause large aneurysm, the LV functional damage and remodeling may gradually increase and the prognosis is poor; in contrast, the animals with small or none LVA have better prognosis and usually without ventricular remodeling; which implies that in acute phase of LVA formation, the size of aneurysm may predict the trend of global LV systolic function and remodeling at the early stage.

Objective: To quantitatively assess biochemical alterations in the cartilage of the subtalar and midtarsal joints in chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) patients with isolated anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injuries and combined calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) injuries using MRI T2 mapping. Materials and Methods: This study was performed according to regulations of the Committee for Human Research at our institution, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Forty CLAI patients (26 with isolated ATFL injuries and 14 with combined ATFL and CFL injuries) and 25 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. All participants underwent MRI scans with T2 mapping. Patients were assessed with the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) rating system. The subtalar and midtarsal joints were segmented into 14 cartilage subregions. The T2 value of each subregion was measured from T2 mapping images. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, the Student’s t test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: T2 values of most subregions of the subtalar joint and the calcaneal facet of the calcaneocuboid joint in CLAI patients with combined CFL injuries were higher than those in healthy controls (all p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in T2 values in subtalar and midtarsal joints between patients with isolated ATFL injuries and healthy controls (all p > 0.05). Moreover, T2 values of the medial talar subregions of the posterior subtalar joint in patients with combined CFL injuries showed negative correlations with the AOFAS scores (r = -0.687, p = 0.007; r = -0.609, p = 0.021, respectively). Conclusion CLAI with combined CFL injuries can lead to cartilage degeneration in subtalar and calcaneocuboid joints, while an isolated ATFL injury might not have a significant impact on the cartilage in these joints.