Objective To analyze the surgical and pathologic features of isolated ascending aortitis without evidence of rheumatologic or autoimmune diseases by comparing that of Takayasu's arteritis.Methods Consecutive 965 excised ascending aortas were reviewed and 40 cases with aortitis were selected from the pathological archives of past 20 years in Fuwai Hospital.The clinical history,laboratory and angiographic data,surgical findings,steroid therapy and followup results of these 40 cases were reviewed.Pathological parameters included the thickness of aortic wall and its various layers,inflammation activity,multinuclear giant cells,inflammatory necrosis,laminar necrosis and atheroselerosis.The t test and Chi square analysis were used to compare the means and the rates between the two groups.Results Twenty-five of 40 cases were diagnosed with isolated aortitis and its prevalencei was 2.6%(25/965),while 8 cases with Takayasu's arteritis and 7 cases with other vasculitis were confirmed.The age of isolated ascending aortitis was older than that of Takayasu's arteritis[(46±12)y vs(34±14)y,t=2.30,P>0.05] while the male/female ratio was similar in both groups(1.1 vs 1.0,t=0.01,P>0.05).Their main clinical manifestation was aortic aneurysm with a bigger aortic diameter in isolated aortitis than that in Takayasu's arteritis [(59±18)vs(46±12)mm,P>0.05].The asymptomatic cages mostly were found in isolated ascending aortitis (28%vs 0,x2=2.98,P>0.05).The erythrocyte sedimentary rate was normal in isolated aortitis but increased in Takayasu's arteritis[(15±17)mm/1 hvs[27±25)mm/1 h,U=48.50,P<0.05 ].Inflammatory edema,thickening and calcification were noted in more than half cases of both groups.but slighter thickening of aortic wall was foand in isolated ascending aortitis in contrast to the remarkable thickening in Takayasu artefifis[(2506±493)vs (3300±430)μm,t=-3.00,P<0.01].Giant cells,inflammatory necrosis,laminar necrosis and accompanied atherosclerosis were more common in isolated ascending aortitis.Aortic regurgitation was common but inflammatory invasion wege found in few aortic valves. Steroid was prescribed in 5 cases with isolated ascending aortitis and none of them was reported with complications while aortic perivalvular leakage occurred in 3 of 20 cases without steroids therapy. In the Takayasu's arteritis cases, new aneurysm of abdominal aorta was found in 1 of 3 cases with steroid therapy. Meanwhile, perivalvular leakage and subclavian artery stenosis occurred in 2 of 5 cases without steroid. Conclusion Isolated aortitis is more common than Takayasu's arteritis in ascending aortic diseases and there is some definite difference in clinical and pathological aspects between these two diseases. Since the effect of steroid therapy is uncertain and in order to avoid overtreatment, we suggest that steroid should not be given to cases with isolated ascending aortitis after surgery and clinical and angiographic follow-up should be emphasized.

Objective To investigate the current situation of undergraduate nursing students ’ ability of communication with standardized patients (SP), and explore the effect of SP and student as SP (SSP) on the undergraduate nursing students ’ ability of communication.Methods Ten SP, ten SSP and sixty undergraduate nursing students were chosen , the undergraduate nursing students ’ ability of the communication was evaluated by the communication skills assessment scale .Results The undergraduate nursing students ’ ability of the communication with SP and SSP was at medium level , and the score was (2.89 ±0.52).The total score of evaluating the undergraduate nursing students ’ ability of the communication by SP was (2.36 ±0.35), and the score by SSP was (2.36 ±0.35), and the difference was statistically significant (t=-0.43,P<0.05). Conclusions The undergraduate nursing students ’ ability of the communication with SP should be evaluated from various angles in order to reduce the error evaluation .