This paper presents the preliminary design of data acquisition system of a portable uroflowmeter. The system uses double-hole cantilever pressure sensor. The signal is transferred to ATmega644PA microprogrammed control unit (MCU), converted by A/D (analog to digital) convertor. Then the further data are processed and get the corresponding relationship of weight-time and two curves of urine flow and urinary flow rate. In the measurement accuracy of the device about urine flow, two factors about the placement and height of the data acquisition are analyzed to show the accuracy of the equipment through the Origin 8.0 data analysis software. The design is characterized by low cost and high speed of data collection, real-time, high accuracy.
Data Collection ; Flowmeters ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Software ; Urination ; physiology ; Urodynamics ; physiology

The flushing pump which is applied to clean operative wound has no temperature controlling function up to now, and doctors have to prepare the flushing fluid that has previously been warmed. The flushing pump system with medical constant temperature designed in our laboratory can absorb flushing fluid at the room temperature, and then eject flushing fluid with the temperature in accordance with the requirements of operations at a controlled constant flow rate. The system combines flow rate control with temperature control functions. The flushing pump system includes flushing part, temperature controlling part, key inputting part, liquid crystal displaying part and exceptional situation monitoring part. The present paper introduces the design method and principle of each part of the system at first, and then gives the debug method of all the system parameters. Finally the paper discusses the performance of the system according to the result of the experiment.
Equipment Design ; Equipment and Supplies ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture or exercise preconditioning on neurological function after focal ce-rebral infarction in rats and the possible mechanism. Methods A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group (n=6), sham group (n=6), exercise preconditioning group (n=6) and electroacupuncture preconditioning group (n=6). The model group and the sham group did not accept any treatment, while the exercise preconditioning group and the electroacupuncture precondition-ing group accepted treadmill training and electroacupuncture for two weeks, respectively. Their middle cerebral arteries were occluded with modified Longa's approach, except the sham group that was ligated the same arteries but did not result in infarction. They were evaluated with Neurologic Severity Scores (NSS) 24 hours after modeling, and the laminin expression in the ischemic area was detected with Western blotting. Results There was no neurological deficit in the sham group. The NSS was lower in both preconditioning groups than in the model group (P<0.05), but was not significant different between preconditioning groups (P>0.05). The expression of laminin was the most in the sham group, and was more in both preconditioning groups than in the model group (P<0.05), but was not significant different between pre-conditioning groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Preconditioning with exercise or electroacupuncture can both reduce the neurological deficits in rats after focal cerebral infarction, which may associate with the protection of laminin from inhibition in early stage.

Objective To explore a new modified stable genioplasty with modified MortiseTenon joints technique and to analyze the surgicaI results in clinic as well as to discuss the advantages in theory.Methods Eleven patients were performed by the genioplasty with Mortise-Tenon joints technique intraoral approach from June 2012 to March 2014,who were suffered from retrusion of chin with different degree accompanying with long chin.The two segments of the chin by osteotomy were made into the Mortise-Tenon joints and fixed by titanium plates.The results were evaluated by clinical appearances and image analyses.Results All 11 patients were satisfied with the procedure and the contour of the chin.The surgical effects were stable without any complications.The advancement in average Mortise-Tenon joints technique was 7.38 mm.Conclusions Much better in stablility and less relapse are achieved by using modified Mortise-Tenon joints technique;furthermore,the genioglossal muscle and geniohyoid muscle are reserved as much as possible,and therefore the normal function of them could be maintained.This method is a good alternative technique for chin retrusion coexisted withlong chin.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture plus rehabilitation on neurologic deficit and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in cortex on the infarction side in rats with focal cerebral infarction, and to explore the action mechanism of acupuncture plus rehabilitation in promoting the recovery of impaired function in rats.Method Ninety healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into a model group, an acupuncture group, a rehabilitation group, an acupuncture-rehabilitation group, and a sham operation group, and the five groups were further divided into three subgroups, i.e. 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d subgroups, 6 rats in each subgroup. The modified Zea-Longa method was adopted to prepare the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on theright side. Rats in the acupuncture group received simulant scalp-points cluster needling; the rehabilitation group was intervened by treadmill exercise; the acupuncture-rehabilitation group was intervened by scalp-points cluster needling plus treadmill exercise; the model group and sham operation group didn't receive any interventions. The modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) was adopted to evaluate the rat's neurologic deficit, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of VEGF protein in cortex on the infarction side.Result Neurologic deficit wasn't found in rats in the sham operation group. After 3-day treatment, the mNSSs in the acupuncture group, rehabilitation group, and acupuncture-rehabilitation group were insignificantly different from the score in the model group (P>0.05), while the differences were statistically significant respectively after 7-day and 14-day treatment (P<0.05). Respectively after 7-day and 14-day treatment, the mNSS of the acupuncture-rehabilitation group was significantly lower than that in the acupuncture group and rehabilitation group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in comparing the mNSS between the acupuncture group and rehabilitation group (P>0.05). After 3-day treatment, the expression of VEGF protein in each treatment group was insignificantly different from that in the model group (P>0.05), while the expression of VEGF protein in each treatment group was significantly higher than that in the model group respectively after 7-day and 14-day treatment (P<0.05). Respectively after 7-day and 14-day treatment, the expression of VEGF in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group was significantly different from that in the acupuncture group and rehabilitation group (P<0.05); there were no significant differences in comparing the expression of VEGF at each time point between the rehabilitation group and acupuncture group (P>0.05).Conclusion Scalp-points cluster needling and rehabilitation both can improve the neurologic function in rat models of focal cerebral infarction, and enhance the expression of VEGF protein in infarction cortex, and the integration of acupuncture and rehabilitation can achieve a better result; the action mechanism is possibly related to the high expression of VEGF which can better promote the reconstruction and regeneration of the vessels in cerebral infarction area.

Objective To examine the situation of iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of hypothyroidism in Pinggu District of Beijing City,and analyze the illness-related factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 734 adults who had lived more than five years in Pinggu District,a random urine sample was collected in the morning from each adult,urine iodine was tested via the arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry method (WS/T 107-2006);edible salt samples were collected,salt iodine was tested via the method of direct titration (GB/T 13025.7-1999);fasting blood samples were collected,electrochemiluminescence was used to measure three free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroid hormone (FT4),thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb);automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure triglyceride (TG);high pressure liquid phase method was used to measure glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc).The results of routine physical examination,thyroid examination by color Doppler ultrasound and questionnaires were collected.Results A total of 696 urine samples were collected,the median of urine iodine was 125.25 μg/L,and the values of male (287 cases) and female (409 cases) were 125.19 and 125.79 μg/L,respectively.Forty-nine non-iodized salt samples (6.7％),647 qualified iodized salt samples (88.1％),and 38 unqualified iodized salt samples were detected (5.2％),respectively.Subclinical hypothyroidism (58 cases,89.2％) in all hypothyroidism (65 cases) was the most common hypothyroidism.Independent risk factors for hypothyroidism of male were increased TG [odds ratio (OR) =3.298,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.112-9.785]and over 60 years old (OR =8.657,95％CI:1.015-73.863);independent risk factors for hypothyroidism of female were physical work (OR =3576,95％CI:1.323-9.670),increased TgAb (OR =2.306,95％CI:1.099-4.841) and diffused change of thyroid (OR =5.177,95％CI:1.944-13.787).Conclusions The iodine nutritional status of residents in Pinggu District of Beijing City is good.Main type of hypothyroidism is subclinical hypothyroidism.Age,diffused change of thyroid,etc.are the influencing factors of hypothyroidism.

Objective: To investigate the blood lead level of children living around lead-zinc mining areas, in order to analyze its distribution features of the population. Methods: In August 2016, three natural villiages around lead-zinc mines were selected randomly as survey sites, which were grouped A, B and C according to each distances from the center field, totally 1 379 children from the three villages were selected by cluster random sampling method as the investigation subjects, and their elbow peripheral vein blood samples were collected to determine the blood lead level by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The distribution features of blood lead in different district, gender and age groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The median and quartile range of blood lead were 0.066 and 0.058 mg/L respectively. The blood lead levels of 341 children were esceeding 100 μg/L and that account for 24.73%. The median blood lead showed statistical significant differrnce among three groups (P<0.01) , and the medians from high to low were: 0.075 mg/L (A) , 0.065 mg/L (B) and 0.059 mg/L (C) respectively. The average blood lead of male was higher than that of female (P<0.01) . There was significant difference in blood lead levels among different aged groups (P<0.01) , and the high blood lead rate dicreased with the increase of age (P<0.01) . Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a high risk of excessive lead in the blood lead of boys aged 1-6 years from the center of the area. Conclusion The blood lead level of children living around lead-zinc mining areas is relatively high. There are difference in district distribution, gender and age.

Engineering education is an important part of China's higher education. With the deepening of the connotation of new engineering talents training, it is timely to carry out the curriculum reform in all directions and improve the quality of engineering talents. In order to highlight the characteristics of fostering new engineering talents, specialized courses and practical courses are becoming the focus of curriculum teaching reform. However to this end, it is urgent to explore how to strengthen fostering talents with engineering characteristics in the professional foundation courses. Taking the biochemistry course as an example, problem-based learning teaching methods were employed, appropriate teaching cases were selected, scientific and technical problems based instructional designs were explored, and students were guided to condense, analyze and solve problems. This study aims to transform the learning attitude of students from "passive" to "active", enhance students' thinking skills, highlight the engineering application of science and technology, lay the foundation for continuous and even lifelong learning, and provide a reference for fostering talents under the new engineering background.
Humans ; Problem-Based Learning ; Learning ; Students ; Curriculum ; Biochemistry

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy on the neurological function and the expression of cleaved-caspase-8, cleaved-caspase-3 and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) in ischemic penumbra of rats with cerebral ischemia. Methods A total of 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, acupuncture group, rehabilitation group and acupuncture-rehabilitation group. Each group was divided into three days, seven days and 14 days subgroups (n=6). The cerebral ischemia model was established with the modified Koizumi suture method. The sham group and the model group received no treatment. The acupuncture group received cluster needling of scalp acupuncture, the rehabilitation group received treadmill training, and the acupuncture-rehabilitation group received both acupuncture and treadmill training. Three days, seven days and 14 days after modeling, their neurological function was assessed with modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and Rota-rod test, and the expression of cleaved-caspase-8, cleaved-caspase-3 and cIAP1 protein in cerebral ischemic penumbra were detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, the mNSS scores decreased, the retention time of Rota-rod test increased, the expression of cleaved-caspase-8, cleaved-caspase-3 protein decreased and the expression of cIAP1 protein increased in each treatment group at each time point (P<0.05). Compared with the other two treatment groups, the mNSS scores further decreased, the retention time further increased, the expression of cleaved-caspase-8, cleaved-caspase-3 protein further decreased, and the expression of cIAP1 protein further increased (P<0.05) seven days and 14 days after modeling in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group.Conclusion Acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy can improve the neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia, that is better than the simple acupuncture or exercise, which may relate to the inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 protein activation, and promotion of cIAP1 protein expression, to inhibit the apoptotic caspases cascade reaction.