The technique of extracting and refining mucopolysaccharide from Dasyatis akajei cartilage obtained was studied and the content of mucopolysaccharide was measured.The results showed that when the content of NaOH was 6%,temperature 40℃, extracting time 6h,followed neutral protein enzyme dissolution for 7h under 40℃,protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and 4 times volume 95% C_(2)H_(5)OH for polysaccharide precipitation.the extraction rate was over 21%, the product was white powder and its purity was about (84.53%).Physical and chemical properties of the mucopolysaccharide were identified.

Objective To discuss the opportunity of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) after transrectal prostate biopsy.Methods We analyzed 60 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) who underwent TURP after transrectal prostate biopsy from September 2013 to September 2015.All the patients were divided into either group A or group B in chronological order, with 30 cases in each group.There were no significant differences in age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, hemoglobin level, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) between the two groups.The group A and group B were treated by TURP at 1 week and 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy, respectively.The parameters including operation time, excised prostate weight, intraoperative total blood loss, bladder irrigation time, and IPSS at 3 months after operation were recorded.Results The operation time, intraoperative total blood loss, bladder irrigation time, and IPSS in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A [(58.3±6.0) min vs.(62.0±3.3) min, t=2.952, P=0.005;(154.1±15.8) ml vs.(167.4±29.5) ml, t=2.181, P=0.035;(19.2±0.8) h vs.(20.6±2.3) h, t=3.034, P=0.004;(18.3±2.5) points vs.(20.3±2.0) points, t=3.419, P=0.001].The excised prostate weight in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A [(37.1±4.0) g vs.(33.3±7.8) g, t=-2.341, P=0.024].Conclusions TURP performed at 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy can significantly increase the excised prostate weight, reduce intraoperative total blood loss volume, shorten the operation time and postoperative bladder irrigation time, and improve urinary symptoms.In brief, we recommend that TURP be executed at 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safty of Polymer-free sirolimus eluting-stents(PFSES) in preventing restenosis in porcine coronary model.Methods Bare metal stents(BMS)(n=13),polymer-free bare metal stents(PFBMS)(n=13),polymeric sirolimus-eluting stents(PSES)(n=13) and PFSES(n=13) were implanted in left anterior descending coronary arteries(n=26) and left circumflex coronary(n=26) of 27 swines randomly.Coronary angiography was performed 28 days and 90 days after the procedure.Twelve animals were sacrificed for histomorphologic analysis after 90 days.Results The 28-day(n=24) and 90-day(n=12) outcome by quantitative coronary angiography(QCA) showed significant reduction in luminal loss(LL) in PFSES(LL:0.69?0.49 mm vs 1.27?0.36 mm,P=0.041;0.77?0.44 mm vs 1.33?0.29 mm,P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safty of bioabsorbable polylactic acid sirolimus eluting-stents(BPSES) in inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary model.Methods Bare metal stents(BMS)(n=18),mere bioabsorbable polylactic acid polymer coated stents(BPOS)(n=18) and BPSES(n=18) were implanted in left anterior descending(n=18),left circumflex coronary(n=18) and right coronary artery(n=18) of 18 swines in random.Coronary angiography was performed 28 days and 90 days after the stenting procedure and histomorphologic analysis was done in a certain number of animals after 7 days(n=4),18 days(n=6) and 90 days(n=6),respectively.Results The 28-day(n=6) and 90-day(n=6) outcome by quantitative coronary angiography(QCA) showed significant reduction in luminal loss(LL) in BPSES(28-day-LL: 0.54?0.45 mm vs 1.11?0.45mm,P=0.048;90-day-LL:0.42?0.34 mm vs 0.96?0.41 mm,P=0.024)compared with BMS.With similar injury scores,histomorphologic analysis on day 28 showed there was a significant reduction in neointimal tissue proliferation with BPSES compared with BMS control(average neointimal area: 0.90?0.40 mm2 vs 1.88?0.71 mm2,P=0.015).High magnification histomorphologic examination revealed similar inflammation score and endothelialization score between BPSES and BMS.Conclusion Bioabsorbable polymeric sirolimus-eluting stents showed reduction in neointimal hyperplasia with good biocompatibility in porcine coronary model.

Objective To retrospectively analyze CT and MR appearances of hepatic adenoma,and to study the causes of misdiagnosis with review of relative literatures.Methods CT and MRI data of 8 patients with pathologically confirmed hepatic adenoma were retrospectively analyzed.Pre-and post-contrast tri-phase (arterial,portal venous and delayed) CT scans and routine MR .scan were performed in all 8 patients,and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (~1H-MRS) was performed in 2 patients.Results Typical demonstrations were found in 4 patients who were correctly diagnosed.Among the others with atypical findings,3 patients were misdiagnosed as liver cancer and 1 as focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) .The ~1H-MRS curves of 2 adenoma tumor showed that the peak of choline of tumor tissue had no significant difference comparing with that of normal liver tissue around the tumor tissue.Conclusion CT and MRI findings of hepatic adenomas have some characteristics,but atypical manifestations lead to misdiagnose.~1H-MRS may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of hepatic adenoma.

BACKGROUND:Animal modeling has reported that psychological stress can lead temporomandibular joint disease in rats, and there wil be pathological changes.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of psychological stress on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 in rat temporomandibular joint condylar chondrocytes
METHODS:Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, 6 rats in the experimental group and 12 rats in the control group. Thirty-six Wister male adult rats in the experimental group were subjected to the fol owing stimulating factors, such as electroshock, keeping stil ness, climate change and food tempting in order to make them under psychological stress. Then, the experimental group rats were executed at 3 weeks after stimulation (3 weeks stimulation group), 6 weeks after stimulation (6 weeks stimulation group) and 6 weeks normal feeding after 6 week stimulation (recovery group), 12 rats were sacrificed at each time point. The 12 rats in the control group were executed at the same time as the last experimental group. The temporomandibular joint specimens were taken to produce slices.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The vascular endothelial growth factor-positive rate of recovery group was significantly larger than that of the 3 weeks stimulation group and the control group (P<0.05);transforming growth factor-β1 positive rate in the 6 weeks stimulation group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). It indicated that vascular endothelial growth factor was related with the new blood capil aries repairing tissue, and transforming growth factor-β1 might play a role that stimulates bone resorption in psychological stress.

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine on energy intake and prognosis of severe burn patients in differ-ent pathway.Methods Using retrospective study method,we brought the patients into our study from October 2010 to April 2014 in accordance with the inclusion criteria.Patients who were given the Gln before 5 days after injury through gastric bowel were brought into the EN group,others who were given the Gln after 5 days after the injury through vein were brought into PN groups. A total of 66 patients were included in this study,with 31 cases of EN group and 35 cases of PN group.Total energy intake,external and internal energy intake,nutrients heating,energy intake/energy consumption ratio,blood glucose control,insulin use and viscera damage(the blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,creatine kinase,lac-tate dehydrogenase),ICU days,hospital stays and mortality were observed in 1,2,3,4 weeks after injury.Results Within a month after the injury,the energy intake of patients in EN group were more than PN group,especially the energy from intestinal canal.Be-sides,the ICU days of patients in EN group were shorter than patients in PN group (all P <0.05).Other indicators of two groups of patients were no significant statistical difference(P >0.05).Conclusion Supplement of Gln may be more conducive to improve the intestinal function in patients with burns may be more conducive to improve the intestinal function in patients with burns,im-prove the degree of tolerance of enteral nutrition,increase energy intake and conducive to improving the prognosis of patients.

Objective to investigate the effect of berberine on the expression of AQP4 and neuronal injury after focal cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control(sham surgery),middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R),MCAO/R treated with vehicle(DMSO),MCAO/R treated with berberine. the transient focal ischemia/reperfusion was induced by in-troducing silicone-coated monofilament nylon suture from the right external carotid artery into the origin of the middle cerebral artery,which was re-moved after 60 min. In group treated with berberine,the rats were injected with berberine before and after suffered from cerebral ischemia. Similarly, in group vehicle,the animals received DMSO vehicle at the same time. the score of neurological behavior was evaluated 24 h after reperfusion. Mean-while,the rats were sacrificed for Nissl staining. to estimate cerebral edema,the wet-dry ratio was measured. the expression of AQP4 in the border of the infarct region in different groups was observed by Western blot. Results Compared with the model group,berberine improved neurological deficits(P < 0.05). Berberine treatment inhibited the neuronal deformation shown by Nissl staining(P < 0.05). Berberine significantly decreased the wet-dry ratio and reduced the expression of AQP4(P < 0.05). Conclusion these results suggested that berberine could induce neuroprotection against ischemic injury by inhibiting the expression of AQP4 in diabetic rats.

Background and purpose: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is currently the only non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique which can detect metabolite composition of live organ and tissue and also conduct semi-quantitative or quantitative analysis. We analyzed the characteristics of metabolic changes among normal liver, cirrhosis regenerative nodule and liver cancer on the background of cirrhosis by voxel proton MR spectroscopy at 1.5 Tesla. Methods: 20 healthy volunteers (control group), 25 cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) and 23 hepatocellular carcinoma after cirrhosis (HCC group) patients were our candidates. The characteristics of spectra of ~1H-MRS were observed. The height and ratio of choline complex (Cbo) and lipid methylene (Lip2) were recorded and the results were compared among the groups. Results: The success rate of ~1H-MRS was about 88.2% (60/68). There were statistically significant differences among the heights of Lip2 peak of the three groups, and also between that of the control group and the group of liver cancer. But there were no significant differences between that of control group and cirrhosis group, cirrhosis group and liver cancer group. The comparison of the height of Cho peak and the ratio of Cho/Lip2 showed statistically significances both among the three groups and between each other. Conclusion: The metabolic changes of the liver could be shown non-invasively by ~1H-MRS, which could be useful for differential diagnosis or diagnosis of cirrhosis regenerative nodule and HCC.

In medical field, the demand of high-level applied statistical talents is becoming more and more urgent, and the number of medical colleges to train graduate students of Master of Applied Statistics (MAS) is increasing gradually. Taking Chongqing Medical University as an example, this article introduces the objective, orientation and training mode of MAS education, analyzes the main characteristics of MAS professional education and talent training, discusses the problems mainly on training system and teaching base, combined with the interview results of MAS graduate students studying in CMU, and puts forward target suggestions including expanding the enrollment scale, optimizing the "two-tutorial system", advancing the training system and developing new teaching bases, to provide reference and experience for the teaching and training of MAS graduate students in medical colleges.