OBJECTIVE To investigate drug-resistance status of Klebsiella pneumoniae(KPN) in nosocomial infections and provide the reference for rational application of antibiotics.METHODS According to Nationwide Rules of Clincal Laboratory Manipulation,the strains were identified and drug-sensitivity test was performed by K-B methods.The extended-spectrum-?-lactamases(ESBLs) producing strains were detected by double-disc synergy test and disc confirmed test.RESULTS Totally 356 strains of KPN were mainly isolated from respiratory department,gerontology department,neurosurgery department and chest surgery department.The specimens were mostly sputum,pharynx swab,urine and secretion.The detection rate of ESBLs-producing KPN was 36.0%.The drug-resistance rate to common antibiotics in ESBLs producers was generally higher than that in ESBLs nonproducers.No KPN was resistant to imipenem and meropenem.CONCLUSIONS Drug-resistance status of K.pneumoniae in nosocomial infections is very serious.We should strengthen monitoring and controlling of it.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE) in nosocomial infections to provide the scientific evidence for the clinical use of the antibiotics.METHODS PAE was cultured and identified according to the National Rules of Procedures Clinical Laboratory.Drug resistance was analyzed by K-B methods.RESULTS A total of 318 strains of PAE were mainly isolated from intensive care unit(ICU),departments of cerebral surgery and chest surgery.Drug-resistance of PAE to 14 kinds of antibiotics showed that SXT(91.2%),cefotaxime(89.9%),aztreonam(70.1%),gentamicin and ciprofloxacin(69.8%),respectively.And the resistance to piperacillin,levofloxacin and cefepime was 50.0%.CONCLUSIONS Drug-resistance status of P.aeruginosa is very serious.Hospital should strengthen monitoring and controlling of it.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the survival and expressions of EGFR and Her-2, and explore the prognostic significance of EGFR and Her-2 in gastric cancer patient by detecting the expressions of EGFR and Her-2 in gastric cancer specimens. Methods EGFR and Her-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relation between their expressions with their clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. Results The over-expression rates of EGFR and Her-2 are 27.4 % and 32.1% respectively in 84 cases. The over-expression rates of EGFR and Her-2 in patients with Ⅲ + Ⅳ stages were significantly higher than those with Ⅰ + Ⅱ stages(respectively, P =0.014 and P =0.005). The positive rate in patients with T3+T4 stages were significantly higher than those with T1+T2 stages (P=0.033); and the positive rate in patients with positive lymph node was higher significantly than that with negative (P =0.033). The OS and PFS in over-expression patients were significantly longer than low-expression. Conclusion The overexpression of EGFR and Her-2 could be used to evaluate the degree of differentiation and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Objective:To clarify the contribution of endogenous bFGF, bFGF mRNA and FGFR1 to the abnormal growth and phenotypic transformation of neoplastic tumors cells.Methods:The antisense oligonucleotide primers was used to evaluate the influence of endogenous bFGF on growth of human glioma malignant cell lines SWO-38 in vitro. MTT was used to examine the variety of cells growth treated with bFGF antisense oligonucleotide primers. The methods of ELISA, in situ hybridization, immuno-hischemistry and image analysis were used to detect the expression level of bFGF, bFGF mRNA and FGFR1. The colony formation of cells in soft agar was used to assess the cloning efficiency of the cells after exposed to bFGF antisense oligo-nucleotide primers.Results:The cells multiplication, expression of bFGF mRNA and FGFR1 was inhibited by bFGF antisense oligonucleotide primers,and the cells multiplication was dose-dependent. Treated with antisense oligo-nucleotide primers, the expression of FGFR1 and secretion of bFGF were distinctly reduced, and the inhibition efficiency of cells multiplication of WSO-38 was 48% and the inhibition efficiency of colonies of SWO-38 in soft agar was 35%. The inhibition of cells multiplication can be reversed completely by external bFGF, and the reverse efficiency was 8%.Conclusion:The synthesis of bFGF mRNA and expression of bFGF can be specifically inhibited by antisense oligonucleotide, but the inhibition can be cleared up with the addition of external bFGF. The study suggested that the bFGFantisense oligonucleotide could have good effect in inhibiting of tumor under special condition.

Objective To compare the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT ) and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of simulated external apical root resorption (EARR) .Methods The study sample comprised 160 single-rooted premolars for simulating 4 degrees of EARR :no(intact teeth) ,mild(cavity of 1 .0 mm in diameter and depth in root surface) ,moderate(1 .0 mm root shortening) ,and severe(3 .0 mm root shortening) .Two sets of radiographic images were acquired with CBCT and periapi-cal radiography .The severity for all resorption lesions were evaluated blindly by one calibrated examiner .The percentages of correct classification of each degree of EARR were compared between the two imaging techniques using McNemar test .Results With CBCT method ,the percentages of correct classification of no ,mild ,moderate ,severe and all EARR were 95 .0% ,97 .5% ,42 .5% , 87 .5% and 80 .6% ,respectively ;with periapical radiography method ,the percentages were 85 .0% ,42 .5% ,70 .0% ,92 .5% and 72 .5% ,respectively .Significant differences were found between the two imaging techniques for evaluating mild ,moderate ,and all-EARR(P<0 .05) .Conclusion CBCT imaging is more reliable than periapical radiography for detecting EARR ,whereas it is not sensitive to moderate root shortening .In orthodontic practices ,CBCT could be applied to the early diagnosis of EARR ,in order to help make the decision on continuation and modification of orthodontic treatment .

AIM: To investigate the relationship between basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and the development of silicosis in mice. METHODS: MTT test was utilized to examine the effects of bFGF-neutralizing antibody and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the mice exposed to silica on lung fibroblast cell growth. RESULTS: BALF from mice treated intrabronchially with silica promoted the growth of lung fibroblasts and anti-bFGF antibody inhibited the effect of BALF dramatically. CONCLUSION: These results indicates that bFGF secretion increases in lung in a mice silicosis model and participates in the development of silicosis.

In medical field, the demand of high-level applied statistical talents is becoming more and more urgent, and the number of medical colleges to train graduate students of Master of Applied Statistics (MAS) is increasing gradually. Taking Chongqing Medical University as an example, this article introduces the objective, orientation and training mode of MAS education, analyzes the main characteristics of MAS professional education and talent training, discusses the problems mainly on training system and teaching base, combined with the interview results of MAS graduate students studying in CMU, and puts forward target suggestions including expanding the enrollment scale, optimizing the "two-tutorial system", advancing the training system and developing new teaching bases, to provide reference and experience for the teaching and training of MAS graduate students in medical colleges.

Objective To investigate the role of Astragahs in alleviating adhesion of neutrophils to HK-2 cells induced by postasphyxial-serum of neonate and its signal transduction mechanism. MethodsHK-2 cells were used as target cell. Control group, asphyxia group, Astragalus group were divided in the experiment. The 20％ (volume fraction) postasphyxial-serum was used as attacking factor. The following indicators were detected: cellular morphology and neutrophils adhesion were observed with inverted microscope. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the cell suspension were determined by biochemistry assay as the indicator for adhesion of neutrophils to HK-2. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) were examined by flow eytometer. ResultsThe neutrophils numbers (MPO activity) and ICAM-1 expression in asphyxia group were higher than that of the control group, but dramatically decreased in Astragalus group (P < 0.05). ConclusionsThese data demonstrated that Astragalus could alleviate the adhesion of neutrophils from neonate with asphyxia to HK-2 and it' s intracellular signal transduction mechanism is presumably involved in the inhibition of ICAM-1 expression on HK-2 cellular membrane.

Objective To evaluate pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing refractory pneumonia in children.Methods Children with refractory pneumonia who admitted to a hospital between May 2008 and December 2014 were performed bronchoscopy,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were performed bacterial culture and antimicrobial resistance testing.Results 1 693 patients were recruited in the study,273 bacterial isolates were isolated from BALF speci-mens of 226 children,gram-positive bacteria accounted for 38.10% (104/273 ),the main gram-positive bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=71)and Staphylococcus aureus (n=23);gram-negative bacteria accounted for 58.24%(159/273),including 44 isolates of Haemophilus parainfluenzae ,28 Klebsiella pneumoniae ,19 Escherichia coli ,and 17 Pseud-omonas aeruginosa ;10 isolates of fungi were also detected,8 of which were Candida albicans .The sensitivity of Streptococ-cus pneumoniae to quinolones,ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were high.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) positive rate was 26.32%.ESBLs-producing rate of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 32.72% and 62.96% respectively.Conclusion The major pathogens causing refractory pneumonia were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae ,empirical treatment should be conducted accordingly,antimicrobial resist-ance should be considered if therapeutic effect is poor,and targeted therapy should be performed according to cultured re-sults and antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.