Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of primary lactase deficiency in infants.Methods The clinical data of 26 infants with primary lactase deficiency in Shenzhen Chidlren's hospital from October 2009 to February 2011 were analyzed retrospectively and the diagnoses were confirmed by dietary therapy.Results The patients were consisted of 19 males and 7 females,whose ages of onset ranged from 1 to 2 months,persisting 1 to 4 months.Breast feeding,mixed feeding and formula feeding were given in 10 cases,8 cases and 8 cases,respectively.The main clinical manifestations were persistent or chronic diarrhea,with watery and or foamy stools,4 to 8 times per day.Nineteen patients had received antibiotics but without improvement.Lactose free formula and oral probiotics improved the symptoms within 1 week in all 26 cases,but recurrence of symptoms followed reintroduction of dairy foods.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of primary lactase deficiency in infants are persistent or chronic diarrhea.Lactose free formula can be used to confirm the diagnosis and to improve the symptoms.

Objective To present the authors' initial experience of treating auricular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with ethanol embolization and to assess the clinical effectiveness of this therapeutic method. Methods Twenty-two patients with AVMs were enrolled in this study. Through local puncturing or super-selective catheterization the absolute ethanol, or diluted alcohol (based on the pattern of the AVMs), was manually injected into the abnormal vascular plexus of the auricular lesion. The clinical results were estimated with physical examination or angiography at intervals of 3 ～ 4 month, and telephone questionnaire was made at monthly intervals for all patients. Results Thirty-eight ethanol embolization procedures were performed, the amount of ethanol used during the procedure ranged from 4 ml to 65 ml. After the treatment the clinical symptoms were improved, which were manifested as healing of the ulceration, stop of bleeding, disappearing or alleviation of tinnitus. Angiographic examination showed that the abnormal vascular lesion was completely vanished in 9 cases, decreased by 50% -75% in 8 cases and decreased less than 50% in remaining 5 cases. The common complications included irreversible local necrosis and vesiculation. Conclusion For the treatment of auricular AVMs ethanol embolization is an effective and safe method, which might become the therapy of first choice.

Aim To assess the effect and mechanism of N acetylcysteine (NAC, antioxidant) on nuclear factor ?B (NF ?B) in lung tissue and bronhial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of rats undergoing acute and chronic smoking. Methods All Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: control group, smoking group and intervention group. The latter two groups were applied to observing NF ?B expression during different periods (1, 2, 7, 14, 60d). Western Blot assay was used to analyze the activation of NF ?B. Results The first and second day the expression of NF ?B in lung tissue ( 36.9 ? 8.1 and 36.9 ? 8.0 )and in BALF( 24.0 ? 6.1 and 21.2 ? 5.8 ) rose significantly comparing with that in the control groups ( 7.3 ? 2.8 and 5.7 ? 2.6 )respectively (P

Objective To study the anti-viral effects of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule against influenza A virus in vitro.Methods Under different administration modes,the inhibitory effect of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule on human influenza A virus(H3N2)in vitro and its time-effect relationship were assayed by crystal violet staining assay with ribavirin as positive reference drug.Results Lianhua Qingwen Capsule showed a multi-access effect on anti-human influenza A virus,such as comprehensive inhibition effect,prevention effect on virus adsorption,inhibition on virus proliferation after adsorption and direct killing the virus effect,and the median effective concentrations(EC50)in above-mentioned effects were 0.042,0.031,0.051 and 0.050 mg/mL respectively.Among them,the prevention effect on virus adsorption was the strongest.With the expanding actuation duration of the drug,the inhibitory effect of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule against influenza A virus weakened at low concentration,but no change at high concentration(≥0.031 g/mL).Meanwhile,Lianhua Qingwen Capsule can remarkably decrease the infectivity of influenza A virus.Conclusion Lianhua Qingwen Capsule has an obvious effect against human influenza A virus in vitro.

Objective To study the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ and aldosterone (ALD) in patients with congenital heart disease by preoperative nursing interventions at high altitude area. Methods 86 patients with congenital heart disease were divided into the experimental group and the control group on average by random. The experimental group was treated with preoperative nursing interventions and routine nursing before operation and the control group was treated with routine nursing only. Angiotensin Ⅱ and aldosterone were detected before anesthesia, 30min after operation and after pulling out of endotracheal tube respectively. Results The concentration of Angiotensin Ⅱ and aldosterone was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusions The risk of open surgical operation for congenital heart disease at high altitude can be reduced by preoperative nursing interventions.

Objective To analyze the influence factors on quality of life(QOL) in patients with ovarian cancer in order to provide the basis for improving QOL of patients with ovarian cancer .Methods The quality of life of 73 patients with ovarian cancer was investigated by QLICP‐OV questionnaire .Descriptive statistics ,one‐way analysis of variance ,t‐test and multiple linear regres‐sion analysis were used to explore impact factors of quality of life .Results The total QOL score of 73 patients with ovarian cancer was 64 .85 ± 9 .37 .Single factor analysis indicated that nation ,marital status ,education ,occupation and medical treatments were sig‐nificantly related to some domains scores of the QLICP‐OV(P<0 .05) .The multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that the influence factor on quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer for the domain of physical function was education with regression coefficient being -9 .786;Influence factor for the domain of psychological function was education with regression coefficient being 6 .559;the influencing factors for the specific module were marital status ,medical treatment ,and age with regression coefficients be‐ing -9 .174 ,-7 .142 and 0 .245 ,respectively .Conclusion The quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer was low and it was af‐fected by a lot of factors .

This paper analyzed the system,methods,content,scope and standards of last two competition in order to further improve the clinical skills competition for national medical students in China.According to the characteristics of medical education,the paper proposed several opinions and suggestions as follows:repechage should be cancelled in competition system and objective structured clinical examination should be used in competition; the content,scope and criteria of the competition should take the actual ability of the medical students at graduation into consideration.

Objective To investigate the effect of mycophenolic acid on the proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in rats' pulmonary arterial at cellular level. Methods Growth curve, MTT tests, and flow cytometry were used to detect the number of proliferative cells, the A-value of living cells and the DNA content of the control and drugs groups respectively and the number of cells in G1-phase, S-phase, G2M- phase and the proliferation index were calculated. Results Compared with the control group, the number of living cells in the mycopbenolic acid groups (with the concentration of 1, 10, 100 μmol/L) decreased, except the lowest dosage group (100 nmol/L). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The living cells measured by MTT dose-dependently reduced in the mycophenolic acid groups. In the mycophenolic acid groups, the fraction of living cells in the S-phase and G2M-phase decreased respectively while that in G1- phase increased, and the proliferation index decreased. All these responses presented with a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Mycophenolic acid can effectively inhibit the proliferation of rats' pulmonary arterial SMCs. This process happens mainly in ONA synthesis phase, and is dose dependent. In addition, these effective concentrations are all in the available range for clinical application.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the resistance of the main pathogens in our hospital to antimicrobials for clinical reference of rational use of antimicrobial agents. METHODS:The antibiotic resistance of the clinical pathogens in our hospital in 2008 was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS:Of the total 938 clinical pathogenic bacteria isolated in our hospital,the most common pathogens(leading the first 10 places)were E. coli,staphylococcus aureus,enterobacter spp,staphylococcus epidermidis,pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella,acinetobacter,enterococcus,hemolytic streptococcus and bacillus proteus. CONCLUSION:Clinicians should use antimicrobial agents rationally to reduce the antibiotic resistance.

Objective To know the influence of pain-related education program on nurses'attitude, knowledge and assessment practices of pains.Methods The effects of pain education program (PEP) were measured by a quasi-experimental design, 196 nurses were divided into the experimental group(106 cases)and the control group(90 cases)randomly.Pain education program was used only in the experimental group.Compared level of pain- related knowledge, attitude and assessement paractiees between the two groups.Results Nurses in the experimental group who received the PEP had a significant improvement in their pain knowledge and attitudes.Their scores on the NKAS increased from 15.67 at T1 to 26.13 at T2 and 35.14 at T3.The scores of nurses in the control group were unchanged (from 15.20 at T1 to 14.29 at T2 and 14.93 at T3).In addition, the percentage of experimental group nurses who correctly used the Changhai Pain Scale to assess patients' pain intensity increased significantly after the PEP, and the in-creased usage of the assessment tool between experimental and control groups also shows a statistical differ-ence in trend.Conclusions The PEP does impact on nurses' knowledge levels and clinical behavior.It can be concluded that PEP is effective in improving nurses' pain knowledge, attitude and assessment prac-tice.