Objective:To evaluate the preventing effects of 4 anti-caries preparations on enamel demineralization in fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.Methods:200 patients treated with fixed appliance were included and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =50),the teeth were treated with fluoride-containing toothpaste,fluoride varnish,fluoride free toothpaste and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phoaphate(CPP-ACP) respectively.The enamel decalcification incidence was calculated after orthodontic treatment.Results:The incidence of enamel decalcification calculated by tooth number was 16.3％ in fluoride-containing toothpaste group,9.3％ in fluoride varnish group,21.9％ in fluoride free toothpaste and 8.5％ in CPP-ACP group(among groups,P ＜0.05;between CPP-ACP and fluoride varnish,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Fluoride containing preparation can prevent the enamel demineralization during the fixed appliance orthodontic treatment,CPP-ACP and fluoride varnish are more effective.

BACKGROUND: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) possesses multiple functions such as promoting neuronal survival and growth of cell processes in vitro and antagonizing the toxicity of excitatory amino acids,thereby playing import roles in functional recovery of the central nervous system (CNS). But whether bFGF offers neuroprotection on ischemic brain tissues by modulating intracellular free calcium content remains unknown.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of bFGF on intracellular free Ca2+ in the neural cells in the event of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR)injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Neurology of Second Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: This study was conducted in the Laboratory of the Department of Neurology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University between August and December 2003. Totally 24 SD were randomized into sham operation group, ischemic group, IR group and bFGF exposure group with 8 rats in each group.METHODS: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in rats in IR group and bFGF exposure group by inducing arterial thrombosis with thread, which was not preformed in rats in the sham operation group. Rats in bFGF exposure group received intraperitoneal injection of 10 μg/kg bFGF immediately after ischemia,which was replaced by the same volume of physical saline in the other two groups. Free Ca2+ in brain cells was detected at 24 hours of IR.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Free Ca2+ in the brain cells at 24hours of IR.RESULTS: All the 24 rats survived the experiment. Free Ca2+ in IR group was significantly higher than that of the sham operation group [(673.46±18.44) vs (224.71±10.58) nmol/L, F=1 329.06, P ＜ 0.01], and also significantly higher in bFGF exposure group [(378.37±21.08) nmol/L,F=1 329.06, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: Intracellular free calcium can be obviously depressed by bFGF following IR injury, which benefits cell membrane stability and help prevent intracellular Ca2+ overload.

Objective To evaluate the effect of initiative bladder function training on uroschesis and urinary tract infections after caesarean section. Methods Toally 200 puerperas with caesarean section and indwelling catheter were divided into observation group and control group, 100 cases in each group. The control group was given passive bladder function training, and the observation group was given initiative bladder function training. The two groups were compared in terms of postoperative infections in the urinary tract, time for first micturition, residual urine volume and micturition effect. Result After intervention, the rate of urinary tract infections in the observation group was lower than that of the control one , the time for and effect of first micturition were shorter and better than those of in the control group, the residual urine volume was shorter (P<0.05). Conclusion The initiative bladder function training by exercising abdominal muscle combined with levator ani muscle exercise can effectively promote the recovery of bladder function and reduce uroschesis and the rate of postoperative urinary tract infections.

Objective To explore the short term effects of five second-generation antipsychotics on the serum pro?lactin levels of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Methods Two hundred fifty first-episode schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into five groups and were then treated with risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine or ziprasidone, respectively. The serum prolactin were tested at baseline, and every week following initiation of treatment. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and the treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) were used to evalu?ate the effect and side effect of treatment. Results Repeated measure ANOVA for serum prolactin showed that the main effects of time, the main effect of group, and the interactive effect of time and group were significant (all P<0.01). At the first week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group was higher than all the other four groups (P<0.05). At the sec?ond, third, fourth and fifth week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group and olanzapine group was higher than the other three groups (P<0.05). At the end of the sixth week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group, olanzapine group and paliperidone group was higher than the quetiapine and ziprasidone groups (P<0.05). But serum prolactin level of risperidone group and olanzapine group was higher than that of paliperidone group (P<0.05). The changes of PANSS before and after treatment were significantly different among groups (P<0.05). However, the incidence of the side effects was not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The level of serum prolactin gradually increases in schizophrenia patients receiving treatment of antipsychotics. The short term effects of different second generation antipsy?chotics on serum prolactin vary differently. Risperidol and olanzapine result in the elevation of serum prolactin level in the early period of treatment.

Objective To choose a best cultivar by comparing the content of total flavonoid and naringin between different cultivars of Citrus grandis 'tomentosa'.Methods The content of total flavonoids was determined by spetral photometric analysis.The content of naringin was determined by HPLC.Results The content of total flavonoid was 19.24 % and 18.06 %,and naringin content was 11.72 % and 12.38 % in the cultivars from Dachaling and Fengwei respectively,which were much higher than the other cultivars.Conclusion The contents of total flavonoid and naringin were different in different cultivars of Citrus grandis 'tomentosa'.The cultivars of Citrus grandis 'tomentosa' from Dachaling and Fengwei have the best quality.

Objective To assess the short-time economics of various glutamine dipeptide-enriched parenteral nutrition (PN) for patients undergoing elective surgery for gastrointestinal tumors, with an attempt to provide evidence for decision makers on clinical nutrition support.Methods A prospective cohort study was designed.From payer/disburser''s perspective, a cost-effectiveness decision-tree model was developed to assess the clinical outcomes and short-time economic effects of glutamine dipeptide-enriched PN that used in different time points (early postoperative or perioperative).Cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and incremental cost-effectiveness analysis were adopted in the decision-tree model.One-way sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the robustness of the results.Results Totally 107 patients were included.There was no significant difference between the perioperative alanine(Ala) glutamine(Gln) nutrition support (group A) and early postoperative Ala-Gln nutrition support (group B) in the ratio of 5％ weight declines on the 8th day after surgery and infection-related postoperative complications (72.1％ vs.78.1％, χ2=0.509, P=0.498 and 2.32％ vs.4.69％, χ2=0.060, P=0.806).The levels of prealbumin (PA) and albumin(Alb) and the level of total lymphocyte count(TLC) also the time of recovering gastrointestinal function, length of stay nutritional discharge index(LOSNDI), and direct costs were significantly different [PA:(208.19±56.92)mg/L vs.(187.97±62.05)mg/L, t=2.283,P=0.039;Alb:(33.82±3.91)×109 vs.(31.96±4.57)×109, t=2.184, P=0.036;TLC:(1.19±0.55)×109 vs.(0.89±0.66)×109, t=2.461, P=0.015;the time of recovering gastrointestinal function(3.06±0.28)d vs.(3.39 ± 0.34)d, t=-3.675, P=0.000;LOSNDI:(16.84±2.92)d vs.(18.52 ±3.47)d, t=-2.613, P=0.011;direct costs:￥(17 029.05±317.28) vs.￥(15 610.64±292.56), t=23.764, P=0.000].When LOSNDI and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated as indicators of effectiveness, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and incremental cost-utility ratios of group A were ￥844.3 and ￥70 920.5, respectively.Net monetary benefit of group B was more than that of group A.One-way sensitivity analysis showed that parameters had no significant effect on the model.Conclusion When using local per capita gross domestic product as threshold, early postoperative Ala-Gln PN was more economical than perioperative Ala-Gln PN strategy evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: Synovial sarcoma (SS) of the head and neck is rare in comparison with those took place in the extremities. This study was planned to investigate the relationship between pathological diagnosis, tumor location and clinical outcome of SS of the head and neck. METHOD: Thirty-nine cases of SS in head and neck hospitalized in West China Hospital from 1966 to 2011 was retrospectively studied by reviewing the medical record data, the pathological slices of the operative specimen and followed-up from 1 to 192 months with the mean time of 43.2 months postoperatively. The parameters of clinical outcome were focused on the time to first recurrence after primary surgery and follow-up time. The reviewed results were statistically processed. RESULT: The age of the patients ranged from 8 to 66 years old with the median age of 35, among them 27 are males. Pathologically, 18 cases are biphasic, 17 cases are monophasic and 3 cases are low-differentiated SS. 4 cases were proved by cytogenetic methods of either fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) or RT-PCR. 23 cases experienced repeated recurrence with the most up to 4 times operations after sole surgical approach. Only one lymphatic metastasis was suspected in all. 16 patients got adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. 4 patients died but only one death was associated directly with SS recurrence. There was no significant relationship between pathological subtype and recurrence (Fisher's Exact Test P-value > 0.05), no significant relationship between tumor location and recurrence (Fisher's Exact Test P-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION SS of head and neck is a special entity that has potential of easy recurrence but good prognosis. Surgery should still be the primary treatment approach. Cytogenetic methods are recommended to as certain the diagnosis in order to choose reasonable treatment protocols.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; China ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the differences on lymphatic vessel density (LVD) among esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC),esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and normal esophageal tissues,and analyze the clinical significance.Methods Twenty samples of EAC,24 samples of ESCC and 20 cases of normal esophageal tissues were obtained at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2004 to January 2011.D2-40 was used for immunostaining of lymphatic vessels in EAC,and antibodies of D2-40 and Ki-67 were used together to detect proliferation of lymphatic vessels.The differences in the LVD among EAC,ESCC and normal esophageal tissues were analyzed.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or t test.Results D2-40 staining could identify the lymphatic vessels,and antibodies of D2-40 and Ki-67 could detect the proliferation of lymphatic vessels.The LVD of EAC,ESCC and normal esophageal tissues were (3.3 ± 1.7)/0.17 mm2,(4.6 ± 1.2)/0.17 mm2 and (3.8 ± 1.2)/0.17 mm2,respectively,with significant differences (F =5.44,P ＜0.05).The LVD of EAC was significantly lower than that of ESCC (t =3.074,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the LVD between the EAC and normal esophageal tissues (t =-1.022,P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in the LVD between the ESCC and normal esophageal tissues (t =2.395,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the LVD between EAC patients with deglutition discomfort and those with pain (t =3.092,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the LVD between EAC patients with course ＜6 months and those with course≥6 months (t =3.092,P ＜ 0.05).No statistical difference in clinicopathological parameters including gender,age,site of lesion,tumor diameter,pathological morphology,T stage,N stage,G stage,TNM clinical stage and lymph node metastasis were detected (t ＝ 1.130,1.020,F =0.082,t =0.799,F =0.692,t =0.694,1.820,0.353,0.969,0.969,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The LVD of EAC is lower than that of ESCC,but is similar to that of normal esophageal tissues.The LVD of EAC is correlated with the symptoms and course of patients.

Objective:To investigate the reasons of the tension of doctor-patient relationship and the medical violence from the perspective of the doctors, in order to provide a reference for finding a viable solution. Methods:Questionnaires survey were conducted about doctors' working conditions in 45 hospitals of 9 provinces. Results:On-ly 3. 6% medical staff had a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, the causes for the tense doctor-patient rela-tionship were poor communication with patients (75%), medical limitations (46. 2%);From the patients perspec-tive, the patients 'unpleasant caused by overtreatment due to complex illness accounted for 54. 2%;Institutional health-related reasons accounted for 82 . 6%. Conclusions:In the past five years after the new health care re-form, the tense doctor-patient relationship has not been released. So, should focus on training to enhance the com-munication skills of medical personnel and medical humanities education while the implementation of the national health care reform, in order to reduce iatrogenic conflicts.

Objective To compare the incidence of adverse reaction,clinical manifestation and serious degree of adverse reaction and the intravenous injection time of the two different drugs,and provide references for the safe dosage of the drugs in clinic.Methods 200 patients from June 2009 to June 2010,who visited department of dermatology because of allergic dermatitis were chosen.They were randomly divided into the sodium thiosulfate group and the calcium gluconate group according to the drugs which were injected intravenouly.And incidence of adverse reaction,clinical manifestation and serious degree of adverse reaction and the intravenous injection time were compared between two groups.Results Compared with the calcium gluconate group,the rate of the adverse reaction of the sodium thiosulfate group is lower,and the average time needed is shorter,in addition,there is no serious adverse reaction during injection.Conclusions Intravenous injection of sodium thiosulfate has the advantage of lower incidence of adverse reaction,shorter time needed,and fewer serious adverse reaction,which is worthy of wide spread.