Objective To investigate the joint action of CXCL16 G1850A and TNF-α T1031C genes polymorphisms in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods CXCL16 gene, G1850A and TNF-α gene T1031C mononucleotide polymorphism were tested with polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 120 ACI patients and 75 healthy controls. Results The CXCL16 gene 1850 site AA genotype (35.8% vs 20.0%), A allele frequency (59.6% vs 44.0%), the TNF-αgene 1031 site CC genotype(2.5% vs 1.3%), C allele frequency(21.3% vs 11.3%)in ACI group were significantly higher than in the control group(P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the joint action of CXCL16 G1850A and TNF-α T1031C genes polymorphisms and ACI (χ2= 7.502,df = 2,P = 0.023). Conclusion The CXCL16 gene 1850, A allele and TNF-α gene 1031 C allele were risk factors for ACI. There is a positive correlation between the joint action of CXCL16 G1850A and TNF-α T1031C genes polymorphisms on ACI.

To verify the role of introvascular ultrasound(IVUS) in diagnosis of atherosclerosis. MethodsINUS wasused to measure the position, quality and the thickness of the plaque in the elastic artery and biopsy materials. After using HE andHart stains, a micrometer was used to measuse the thickness of plaques and arterious walls. And electron microscopy was used to ob serve the pathological changs of the plaque. ResultsBy histological observation compared with IVUS, the conformable rate of plaque anmounted to 94%. The plaque could be seen in 12 sites of control group. Among 33 sites, 32 plaques were found pathologic exmination while IVUS showed 30 plaques in the experimental group. The two methods had a gcod correlation on the thick measurement of plaque and the media( r = 0.835, P＜0.05 and r = 0.814, P＜ 0.05). But they had a poor correlation on the measurement of the intirna( r = 0.055). ConclusionsBy pathological examination and the quantitative analysis, IVUS can obtain the common purpose in diagnosing atherosclerosis and measuring the media thickness. But it can not be used in measurement of the intima.

e tissue and myocardium, as well as myocardial uhrastructure were well-improved; the gene expressions of PPAR-α and GLUT4 were raised in APSgroup. APS may be partially effective in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Objective:To study the curative effects of hypopharyngeal carcinoma by treatment of pharyngectomy and repairment surgery.Methods:Sixty-four patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were treated by pharyngectomy and repaired the defect of pharynx from 1989 to 1995.There were 58 males and 6 females,ranging in age from 37 to 73 years old.There were stages T1 in 3(T1N0M0 1,T1N2M0 2),T2 in 12(T2N0M0 4,T2N1M0 5,T2N2M0 2,T2N3M0 1),T3 in 29(T3N0M0 7, T3N1M0 14,T3N2M0 6,T3N3M0 2),and T4 in 20 (T4N0M0 2, T4N1M0 3,T4N2M0 8,T4N3M0 7).Among 64 patients,26 cases were treated by surgery of laryngeal function preservation (group A,stages T1,2,3),38 cases did not laryngeal function preservation (group B,stage T4).Results:The swallow function was returned to normal in all 64 patients after treatments,and the complications were 26/64(40.6%)most of those was pharyngeal fistula.The rate of decannulation was 53.8%(14/26) in the group A,and the 3-year and 5-year survival rate were 65.4% (17/26) and 50.0% (13/26) respectively. In the group B, the 3\|year and 5\|year surviral rates were 52.6%(29/38)and 44.7%(17/38)respectively.There were no significant differences in the 3 or 5-year survival rate between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:The indications of those procedure of laryngeal function preservation were stages T1,2,3of patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma,which were no affection on the 3 or 5-year survival rates,and the survival quality of patients were improved.

AIM The effects of GW501516, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPARβ) agonist, in long term diet induced obesity (DIO, high fat and maltose diet for 4 months) mice were evaluated, and the efficacy of GW501516 against insulin resistance and the involved mechanism was investigated. METHODSMice were divided into 3 groups: normal control, DIO model and DIO model+GW501516. GW501516 (10 mg·kg-1·d-1) was administered by ig once a day for 14 d. During the treatment, body weight and food intake were monitored every other day. The oral glucose tolerance test, and the serum biochemical parameters including the serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured according to the specifications. To confirm the GW501516-mediated PPARβ activation, the mRNA levels of downstream genes related to glucose, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure was measured. RESULTS GW501516 treatment effectively improved the glucose intolerance, increased the area under the glucose curves[DIO model, (32.4±4.6) mmol·h·L-1 compared with DIO model+GW501516, (23.4±2.5) mmol·h·L-1, n=7-8, P<0.05], normalized the fasted blood glucose, and increased serum HDL-C level, besides, histological analysis revealed the decreased hepatic lipid accumulation and hypertrophy of hepatocyte in DIO mice. Moreover, RT-PCR results indicated that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, uncoupling protein 2, uncoupling protein 3 and glucose transport protein 4 were all upregulated. CONCLUSIONGW501516 significantly ameliorates glucose intolerance, decreases fasted blood glucose and hepatic steatosis, which might be related to ① the enhancement of fatty acid oxidation and energy uncoupling in muscle, and ②the improvement of insulin-stimulated glucose transportation in skeletal muscle in the long term DIO mice.

Objective To observe the development of Schistosoma japonicum after single sexual infection and double sexual infection respectively. Methods A single Oncomelania hupensis snail was infected by a single schistosome miracidium. The lar?va were induced and released from the snail after 60?day incubation at 26℃. The mice were infected by the larva(single sexual infection)and dissected 40 days after the infection. All the worms were collected and the sex of the larvae was determined by the sex of the adult worms. Then,the mice and rabbits were infected by single sex of larvae(single sexual infection)and double sex of larvae(double sexual infection)respectively. The mice and the rabbits were dissected 40 days after the infection. All the worms were collected and measured under a microscope. Results All the male or female worms were collected from the mice and rabbits after single sexual infection. There were three main forms of worms after dissection of double sexual infection of mice and rabbits:folded mature male and female,male or female. Few folded male and immature female were found. Only the double sexual larva infected mice or rabbits had schistosome eggs in the liver and the liver had typical schistosome egg nodules. The sin?gle sexual larva infected mice or rabbits had no schistosome eggs or schistosome egg nodules in the liver tissues. The single male larva could develop to worms with the testis,and with a little smaller size compared to the mature folded male,while the single sexual infection female worm could not develop to the mature stage with much thinner and smaller compared to the mature folded female. Conclusions The male or female worms from single sexual infection are smaller than those from double sexual infection (mature worms?folded male and female). So it is necessary to check single sex worms in vessels of intestinal mucosa thoroughly in the sentinel mice when no schistosome eggs were found in the liver.

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of infrasound with low sound pressure level on focal cerebral ischemia-refusion injury. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by 2 hours of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. lnfrasound generated by infrasound 8TM device was used as treatment factor. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham group (n=8), model group (n=8) and in-frasound group (n=16) , and the infrasound group was subdivided into 20- and 120-min infrasound groups, with 8 rats in each group. Neurological symptoms was assessed at 2 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, respectively. These rats were sacrificed after 7 days of infrasound treatment and their brains were harvested. The number of IGF-1 posive cells of ischemia cortex was counted by using immunohistochemical technique. Results Compared with model group, neurological symptoms of rats in 120-min infrasound group was significantly improved (P<0.05); the number of IGF-1 positive cells of ischemia cortex in 120-min infrasound group increased significantly as compared with that in model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Infrasound with low sound pressure level (120 min/d, 7 d) could exert neuroprotective effect in focal cerebral ischemia injury by increasing expression of IGF-1 in brain.

Objective To examine the neuroprotective effect of pulsed magnetic field in a animal focal cere-bral ischemica-reperfusion injury model. Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into 3 groups, a sham-operation group, a model group and a pulsed magnetic field group, with rats 16 in each group. Mid-dle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method was employed to establish the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inju-ry model in rats of model group and pulsed magnetic field group. Rats in sham-operation group was subject to the same operation procedure but not underwent ischemia-reperfusion. The infarction volume, histopathological damage and expressions of IGF-1 in ischemic brain tissue were investigated to evaluate the effect of pulsed magnetic field. Results The infarction volume was reduced, histopathological damage alleviated and expressions of IGF-1 in ische-mic brain tissue elevated in the pulsed magnetic field group as compared against the model group (P<0.05). Con-clusions Pulsed magnetic field might provide neuro-protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To observe dynamically the expression of insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1)in the brain and liver,and to explore changes in IGF-1 levels.Methods The thread method waa used to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.The expression of IGF-1 on the ischemic side of the cerebral cortex and in the liver wag observed dynamically using immunohistochemical techniques. Results The number of IGF-1-positive cells increased significantly,peaking on the 3rd day in the cortex and the 7th day in the liver.Conclusion The expression of IGF-1 Wag upregulated in the brain after the experimental cerebral ischemia;peripheral humoral regulation of IGF-1 responded more slowly and recovered to some extent at the 7th day after cerebral ischemia.