OBJECTIVETo study the dynamic changes of dry material accumulation and platycodin D content in Platycodon grandiflorum in different planting densities.

METHODFive different planting densities M1 (4 cm x 25 cm), M2 (6 cm x 25 cm), M3 (8 cm x 25 cm), M4 (10 cm x 25 cm) and M5 (12 cm x 25 cm) were designed in the plot experiment. The individual and colony biomass accumulation, dry material distribution, root yield and platycodin D content were measured in different stage.

RESULTIn a certain density range the individual biomass in P. grandiflorum obviously declined with increasing density with the exception of biomass M2 > biomass M3. On the contrary, the colony biomass increased with the increasing density. Dry material accumulation in each organ in P. grandiflorum in different planting densities showed significance (P<0.05). The dry material distribution in organs in the different planting densities showed significance (P<0.05), and the dry material distribution in flower and fruit reached the minimal level in M2, in the same planting density the distribution in root reached the maximal; The dry material in stem, flower and fruit obviously declined with the increasing density, while the dry material in leaf increased. The individual root output increased with the increasing density, and it reached the highest in M2. The colony root yield increased with the increasing density. The platycodin D content in P. grandiflorum reached the highest in M2.

CONCLUSIONThe result showed that a suitable planting density is very important to P. grandiflorum dry material accumulation and distribution, root yield, platycodin D content and colony yield.

Plant Structures ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Platycodon ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Saponins ; metabolism ; Seasons ; Triterpenes ; metabolism

The preimplantation development competences of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos reconstructed with enuleated goat (Capra hircus) Metaphase II (MII) oocytes matured in vivo and whole cells derived from adult fibroblasts of several mammalian species (goat, boer goat, bovine, tahr, panda) and human patient were evaluated. Results obtained from our experiments revealed that these reconstructed SCNT embryos could complete preimplantation development to form blastocysts. The fusion rate and blastocyst rate of intra-species SCNT embryos (Capra hircus as control) was 78.67 (557/708); 56.29% (264/469), that of sub-species or inter-species SCNT embryos were: boer goat 78.18% (541/692); 33.90% (40/118), bovine 70.53% (146/207); 22.52% (25/111), tahr 53.51% (61/114); 5.26% (3/570), panda 79.82% (1159/1452); 8.35% (75/898) and human 68.76% (317/461); 5.41% (16/296), respectively. It is concluded that (1) there are no relationships between fusion rate and relativeness of the recipient cytoplasm to nucleus donor cells, (2) cytoplast of the goat MII oocyte can support the preimplantation development of SCNT embryos reconstructed with nucleus from other species, (3) the blastocyst rate of close relative inter-species SCNT embryos is higher than that of distant relative inter-species SCNT embryos.
Animals ; Cattle ; Cloning, Organism ; veterinary ; Embryo Culture Techniques ; methods ; veterinary ; Embryo, Mammalian ; physiology ; Embryonic Development ; physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Goats ; embryology ; genetics ; Humans ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; veterinary ; Oocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Pregnancy

Objective:To investigate the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types and related factors of constipation in psychiatric inpatients, and to provide data support for targeted TCM nursing.Methods:A total of 245 psychiatric inpatients with constipation in the Seventh People's Hospital of Hangzhou were selected by convenient sampling. The survey was conducted using general information questionnaire and TCM constipation syndrome classification criteria.Results:245 questionnaires were distributed and 238 valid questionnaires were recovered. Among 238 patients with constipation, the proportion of excessive constipation was the highest, accounting for 61.34% (146/238) , which was the main type of constipation. There were statistically significant differences in age, course of disease, diagnosis, exercise preference and duration of medication between the excessive constipation type and deficiency constipation type ( P< 0.01) . Logistic regression showed that the main factors affecting the type of constipation were the type of disease, the course of the disease, the duration of medication, and the intensity of activity ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:The incidence of excessive syndrome in hospitalized patients with mental disorders is relatively higher in young adults with short course of disease, short medication time, bipolar disorder mania and high activity intensity. Medical staff should understand the status and influencing factors of constipation classification of patients and carry out dialectical nursing for them, so as to provide basis for taking targeted measures.