Objective To investigate the expression and the role of Tim-3 and Th-17 in ITP patients and to research their clinical application. Methods Total 42 active ITP patients and 39 healthy donors were recruited in this research. The expressions of Th17 and CD4+ CD25+ Treg were measured with flow cytometer. IL-17, IFN-γ levels as well as IL-4 plasma levels were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expression of Tim-3, IFN-γ, IL-4 and T-bet were measured using RT-PCR in all samples. Results The expression of Th17 cells in ITP patients was (2.41 ± 1.43 )%, which was significantly higher than control group ( 1.08 ± 0.59)% ( t = 5.35, P < 0.05 ). But the percentage of Treg in ITP patients was ( 1.64 ±0.74)%, which was lower than control group (3.12 ±0.52)% (t = 10.33, P <0.05). The levels of IL-17 in plasma of ITP and controls were ( 14.42 ±6.37) ng/L and ( 13.91 ±4.47) ng/L respectively (t =0.42, P > 0.05). The level of IFN-γin plasma of ITP was (55.74 ± 15.25 ) ng/L, which was higher than control group (31.33 ± 12.99) ng/L (t = 7.72, P < 0.05 ). The level of IL-4 in the plasma of ITP was (7.42 ± 1.50) ng/L, which was lower than controls ( 18.17 ± 5.19) ng/L ( t = 12.87, P ＜ 0.05 ). Both IFN-γand T-bet mRNA levels were up-regulated in active ITP patients by the factor ( 8.57 ± 3.44 ) -fold and (3.34 ± 1.32)-fold than control group (t = 13.21,6.41 ,P <0.05). The decreases observed in IL-4 and Tim-3 were (0.25 ±0.15 )-fold and (0.29 ±0.15)-fold respectively in ITP patients compared with control group (t=10.02,9.61,P＜0.05 ). Conclusion The imbalance of Th17/Treg and the decrease of Tim-3 might be important determinants in the evolution of ITP.

Objective To protect the transplanted islets from the host's immune system by means of immunoexclusion membranes.Methods Rat islets were isolated from Wistar rat pancreas by ductal collagenase distention, stationary digestion, and finally with the aid of dextran gradient separation. Then the islets were encapsulated in alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) semipermeable membranes.Results In vitro studies demonstrated that encapsulated islets secreted insulin in response to glucose challenge for at least 8 weeks, which was similar to free islets. In vivo studies showed that 15 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were transplanted intraperitoneally with 1000 encapsulated islets without immunosuppression. Diabetes was reversed within 3 days, and the mice remained normoglycemic for up to 160 days, with a mean xenograft survival time of 126 days. The encapsulated islets had a significantly greater effect than unencapsulated islets, which functioned for less than 8 days.Conclusions Encapsulation of pancreatic islets in semipermeable membranes can effectively prolong xenograft survival without immunosuppression in an animal model.

Objective:To understand the status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection among blood donors in Beijing from 1994 to 2021, analyze the prevalence characteristics and influencing factors of HIV infection among blood donors, and provide reference for blood donor management and blood safety assurance.Methods:Using descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the situation of HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) combined with nucleic acid detection (NAT), third-party confirmatory laboratory test western blot (WB) result and basic demographic information of infected patients among blood donors.Results:From 1994 to 2021, a total of 6 450 244 person-times participated in blood donation, of which 7 622 were reactive in the primary screening, and 1 553 were positive after the HIV confirmation test, average detection rate is (2.14 per 10 000), the vary of detection rates were statistically significant from year to year( χ2=899.690, P<0.01), with the highest detection rate in 2015 (5.93 per 10 000) and the lowest in 1994 (0). From 2011 to 2021, 3 802 primary screening reactive specimens detected by ELISA combined with NAT were confirmed by WB test, of which 1 191 were positive in the confirmatory test, all of which were ELISA seropositive, of which 682 were NAT (+ ). The gender distribution of the infected population is mainly male (95.30%); the age distribution is mainly 18-30 years old (62.40%); in terms of occupation, the detection rate of infected people is higher among employees, workers and others (including unknown), accounting for 83.26% of the total number of infected persons. The ABO blood group system was dominated by A, B and O (89.7%) and the Rh blood group system was dominated by Rh-positive (99.25%); the detection rate of infection was higher among first-time donors than repeat donors ( χ2=39.587, P<0.01). Conclusions:From 1994 to 2021, the annual number of HIV-infected blood donors in Beijing was greatly affected by the external environment. Although the current screening strategy can reasonably shield HIV-infected people, the detection rate of HIV-infected people in this area is relatively high. In view of the different characteristics of HIV-infected people, follow-up treatment plans should be made to ensure blood safety.