As a tool, cholelithiasis animal models have become an important platform for pathogenetic, preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic research. As biliary calculus formation has a close relationship with dysfunction of hepatic and biliary systems, inability of lipid metabolism homeostasis and impairment of immunologic barriers, increasing studies have been carried out with the use of animal models in these fields. Animal genetic susceptibility to cholelithiasis has greatly attracted people's attention in recent years and cholelithiasis animal models have been used in Chinese traditional medicine development and authentication. Furthermore, reports on invasive and traumatic research have been published in which large animal models were used. It is supposed that technical progress and scientists' demands would result in wide application of more kinds of cholelithiasis animal models.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of a schedule of 2 cycles' high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) as an initial therapy in adults immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and compare with conventional dose prednisone therapy. Method A total of 59 newly diagnosed ITP patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. In 30 patients ( Dexamethasone group), oral HD-DXM was administered at 40 mg/d for 4 consecutive days, repeated one week later, and then failed to maintain. In the remaining 29and then gradually tapered. Results For short-term efficacy, after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, the response rate in Dexamethasone group was significantly higher than that in Prednisone group (50. 0% vs 24. 1%, P ＜0. 01; 73.3% vs 55.2%, P ＜0. 05 ), while 3 weeks later, there was no remarkable difference between the two groups(83.3% vs 68.9%, P ＞ 0. 05 ), though the response rate in Dexamethasone group remained higher. For long-term effect, at the end of the 2nd and 3rd months of follow-up, the relapse rate in Dexamethasone group was significantly lower than that in Prednisone group(24. 0% vs 40. 0%, P ＜ 0. 05;32.0% vs 65. 0%, P ＜ 0. 01 ), while at the end of the 1st month of follow-up, there was no significant difference( 16. 0% vs 20. 0%, P ＞0.05 ). In addition, it's well tolerated and no complications such as severe infection or Cushing syndrome were complained in Dexamethasone group. Conclusion HD-DXM possesses an advantage over conventional dose prednisone therapy in efficacy and safety.

Elaboration on the importance of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in promoting the teachers' professional development was conducted based on the concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and from the aspects of the external environment,promotion of teachers' independent development as well as changes in teaching philosophy and the teachers' development value.Corresponding measures were proposed according to the reality of higher education of Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the significance of cortactin in primary liver cancer. Methods Fiftythree paraffin embedded primary liver cancer specimens were collected at General Hospital of Air Force of PLA from January 2002 to May 2008. The expression of cortactin was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between cortactin expression and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. All data were analyzed via Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results There was a significant difference in cortactin expression among tumor capsule integrity, TNM staging, portal vein tumor thrombus and extrahepatic metastasis (u =2. 19, 3. 584, 2. 796, P ＜ 0.05 ). There was a positive correlation between tumor invasion and cortactin expression ( r = 0. 5794, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Overexpression of cortactin may be one of the factors enhancing the invasion of primary liver cancer. The level of cortactin expression can be used in evaluating the invasive potential of primary liver cancer.

BACKGROUND: More and more patients with periodontal disease require orthodontic treatments. Thus, the remodeling process and its mechanism of inflammatory periodontal tissues become a hot point during orthodontic tooth movement.OBJECTIVE: To observe the remodeling of inflammatory periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement.METHODS: A total of 50 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and periodontitis groups. In the periodontitis group, rats were established periodontitis models. After that, all rats were prepared for orthodontic tooth movement models. The remodeling of periodontal tissues was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after orthodontic tooth movement.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The movement distance of the periodontitis group was greater than that of the control group. At 0-7 days after orthodontic force application, there was obviously bone resorption at the pressure side and the bone formation was inhibited at the tension side; at 14 days after force application, the bone resorption was diminished, associated with large numbers of multinucleated osteoclasts at the pressure sides in both groups. The findings showed that rats with periodontitis suffered more periodontal traumatism during orthodontic tooth movement, thus, treatment should be delayed until the inflammatory signs were controlled and the local inflammatory was eliminated.

Objective To investigate the change of umbilical cord blood gas from early-stage neonates with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PHIS) affected mothers and its influence upon internal environment of body,and to evaluate the significance of postpartum umbilical cord blood gas analysis.Methods Retrospective study of 101 neonates(born of 97 PHIS-affected mothers),41 cases of mild group,34 cases of moderate group,26 cases of severe group,and enrolled 52 neonates born of non-PHIS mothers as the control group.Prior to neonate's first breath,umbilical cord artery blood gas analysis was performedimmediately to determine the values of pH,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2),arterial oxygen tension (PaO2),HCO3-,base excess (BE),and Apgar score was completed within 1 min after birth.Results The pH,PaO2,HCO3-,BE in severe group was significantly lower than those in mild group,moderate group,and control group [7.16 ± 0.18 vs.7.25 ± 0.09,7.22 ± 0.11,7.29 ± 0.08 ; (12.01 ± 2.75) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(18.35 ± 1.75),(14.21 ± 2.01),(22.23 ± 1.45) mmHg; (17.11 ± 2.42) mmoFL vs.(19.82 ±3.85),(17.32 ± 3.21),(22.56 ± 3.38) mmol/L; (-9.15 ± 0.32) mmol/L vs.(-7.95 ± 0.60),(-7.21 ± 0.08),(-6.76 ± 0.03) mmol/L] (P ＜ 0.05),the PaCO2 in severe group was significantly higher than that in mild group,moderate group,and control group [(61.84 ± 32.93) mmHg vs.(54.48 ± 12.82),(58.38 ± 15.32),(51.66 ± 10.52) mmHg] (P ＜ 0.05),Apgar score 1 min after birth was positively correlated with umbilical arterial pH (P ＜ 0.05),the lower Apgar score,the lower pH.Among 65 cases of Apgar score ≤ 7 scores,37 cases of acidosis (pH ＜ 7.20),the incidence rate was 56.92％ (37/65) ; among 88 cases of Apgar score ≥ 8 scores,11 cases of acidosis,the incidence rate was 12.50％ (11/88),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Umbilical cord blood gas analysis is more objective than Apgar score,which could reflect neonate's hypoxia-ischemia degree bore of PIHS mothers,as well as contributed to the assessment of neonate' s prognosis.Conventional umbilical cord blood gas analysis is necessary for neonates bore of PIHS-affected mothers.Enhanced monitoring should be performed in a timely manner on those neonates born after intrauterine distress signs or with low Apgar score,the prevention and therapy as early as possible can improve the quality of birth.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of the Idarubicin(IDA) in combination with Am-Cand VP16 (IAE) regimen for treatment on refractory acute myelecytic leukemia. Methods Idarubiein 7 mg/m2 iv gtt for 3 days, Ara-C 100 mg/m2 and VP16 100 mg/d iv gtt for 5 days continuously were used as one course.Results Among 17 refractory leukemia patients complete remission was achieved in 9 patients and partial remission in 4 patients, but no remission in 3 patients and one patient died of cerebral hemorrhage after one-two courses of the treatment. Conclusion The IAE regimen for treatment of refractory acute myelocytic leukemia is an effective therapy. The major toxic side effects encountered were marrow suppression,neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The toxic side effects in heart, liver and kidney were not found.

Objective To explore the methods and clinical effects of dimple plasty with syringe needle guiding.Methods From February 2008 to May 2012,36 dimple plasties in 21 patients were performed with using a syringe needle guiding the absorbable suture,including 15 cases in bilateral side and 6 cases in unilateral side.There were 4 cases in unilaterally right side and 2 cases in unilaterally left side.Two patients with inborn dimple in unilateral side received the dimple plasty in the other side for facial symmetry.Results 34 dimples in 21 patients were satisfied with the results.Two dimples were re-operated after three months because of disappearance.There were scleromas in 2 cases,which was disappeared by hot compress in three months.There were no hemotoma and infection in 21 patients.Conclusions The procedure of dimple plasty under syringe neddle guiding is safe,reusable and effective.It is a minimally invasive surgery and the patients are satisfied with the dynamic results after operation.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the efficacy of clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD).Methods A total of 208 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included.The CYP2C19 variant alleles were detected by gene sequencing.Platelet reactivity was assessed by thrombelastograph at 24 h after 300 mg clopidogrel loading.P2Y12-Gi signaling was measured by flow cytometric analysis of vasodilator-stimulated phosphorylation-platelet reactivity index (VASP-PRI) and Akt phosphorylation (P-Akt) index.Results Among 208 patients,40.9％ were classified as CYP2C19 * 1/* 1 (non-carriers) with no loss-of-function (LOF),44.7％ as CYP2C19 * 1/* 2 or CYP2C19 * 1/* 3 (one LOF carriers) and 14.4％ as CYP2C19 * 2/*2 or CYP2C19 * 2/* 3 (two LOF carriers).Both postclopidogrel platelet aggregation and VASP-PRI increased by the presence of one LOF allele,and were even more pronounced with the presence of two LOF alleles.In contrast,P-Akt index only increased in two LOF carriers.VASP-PRI was positively associated with postclopidogrel platelet aggregation (r =0.661,P＜0.001),but not with P-Akt index.Conclusions The two CYP2C19 LOF carriage was associated with more active state of P2Y12-Gi signaling in postclopidogrel platelet in Chinese patients with SCAD.

Objective: To explore the parameters used for the clinical evaluation of post-trau- matic hepatic function crashing down to the ground. Methods: By establishing the animal model of liver impact injury in simulation of parachuter,blood were sampled before injuries and 15 min, 30 min,45 min,1 h, 3 h, 6 h ,9 h after injuries. Cytokines including TNF?、IL-2 and liver function parameters including ALT,AST,LD-L,GGT,ALP were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: TNF? increased after 15 min- utes, and IL-2 increased after 30 minutes(P0.05). These two pa- rameters were significantly increased all the time after injuries(P