Purpose: To investigate the effect of gum chewing on the cognitive function of attention. Methods: Based on gum chewing habit, trait-anxiety variable, and different treatments(with or without gum chewing) during experiment,181 college students with good health were assigned to four groups GH (with chewing gum treatment and habit), GL (with chewing gum treatment, no habit), CH (no treatment,has habit) and CL (no treatment,no habit). Two attention tasks: Continuous Performance Test (CPT-AX) and Conjunctive Search Task (CST) were performed by all subjects in the laboratory.Results: Chewing gum during experiment had positive effect on attention performance, and the habit of gum chewing played an important role. Conclusion: Gum chewing had positive effect on attention performance, suggesting the effects mainly came from the familiarity of gum-chewing.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic pulmonary disease which seriously affects the survival and long term quality of life in premature infants. Its pathogenesis is not yet clear. In recent years, the role of pulmonary vascular dysplasia in BPD has received increasing attention and evolved into a“vascular hypothesis”of the pathogenesis of BPD. Angiogenesis therapy based on this hypothesis has also made some progress in the treatment of BPD. This paper brielfy reviews the current research situation in this ifeld.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of aspirin combined with clopidogrel therapy in pa?tients with transient ischemic attack( TIA)/light stroke. Methods One hundred and forty?eight cases with tran?sient ischemic attack/light stroke were divided randomly and voluntarily into the control group( n=74) and ob?servation group( n=74) . The patients of the control group were given aspirin based on conventional treatment while the observation group were given clopidogrel based on control group treatment. The serum C?reactive pro?tein(CRP),incidence of early neurologic deterioration(END),recurrence rate within 90 days,degree of nerve function defect score (NIHSS score),clinical effect after treatment and the complications during treatment be?tween the two groups were compared. Results After one week treatment,the serum CRP level of observation group decreased obviously compared with pre?treatment ( ( 6. 24 ± 1. 63 ) mg/L vs. ( 12. 03 ± 2. 46 ) mg/L , t=5. 625,P=0. 027),and the control group((9. 34±1. 24) mg/L,t=4. 348,P=0. 036),and there was not sig?nificantly reduced in the control group( t=2. 647,P=0. 186) . The incidence of END and recurrence rate within 90 days of observation group were evidently lower than that of control group(6. 76%(5/74) vs. 21. 62%(16/74) ,1. 35%( 1/74) vs. 8. 12%( 6/74);χ2=6. 737,5. 742,P=0. 022,0. 029) . The NIHSS score at 2 weeks af?ter treatment of observation group evidently lower than that of control group,the differences were statistically sig?nificant((2. 31±1. 03) points vs. (5. 34±1. 25) points;t=4. 663,4. 928). The effective rate of observation group was obviously higher than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant(93. 24% vs. 63. 51%,χ2=6. 253,P=0. 029) . There was no statistically significant differences about complications during treatment in both groups. Conclusion Aspirin combined with clopidogrel therapy can obviously improve nerve function,reduce progress of stroke and improve the clinical effect in patients with transient ischemic attack/light stroke,it is worth popularization and application.

Objective To summarize the neuropsychic manifestations of thallium poisoning to attract attention of neuropsychiatrists. Methods Eight cases of thallium poisoning were reported. The manifestations of thallium poisoning and the relative literatures were reviewed. We discussed the relationship between mechanism of thallium poisoning and nervous system,neuropsychic manifestation and pathology of thallium poisoning. Results Three of 8 cases were acute and severe,presenting bellyache,nausea,vomit, fantod,delirium,coma,convulsion,respiratory failure,low blood pressure and tachycardia. They all died in a short period. The other 5 cases were subacute or chronic. Most of them manifested the impairment of central nervous system,peripheral nerve and optic nerve. Some of them had alopecia.Six of 8 cases were misdiagnosed as other neurological diseases. Two were suspicious of thallium poisoning,but failed to be diagnosed for the time being. The 5 survivors of 8 cases obviously restored after heteropathy. Few cases had neurologic sequelae. Conclusions For lacking of contact history, it is difficult to diagnose thallium poisoning caused by malicious contamination or accidental poisoning. Attention should be paid to those patients with indefinite damage of peripheral and central nervous system. When alopecia appears,thallium poisoning must be suspicious of. For the suspected cases,it is necessary to measure the thallium level in blood and urine in order to verify the diagnosis.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of change of serum uric acid (UA),C-reactive protein(CRP) and fibrinogen(Fg) levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Ninetysix patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into the mild group (n =52),middle group(n =32) and heavy group(n =12) according to illness degree,and 90 healthy person were selected as the control group.The serum UA,CRP and Fg of all groups were compared.Correlation analysis of serum UA,Fg and CRP in patients with acute cerebral infarction was carried.Results The level of serum UA((423.6±46.5) μmol/L vs.(302.4±28.7) μmol/L,t=4.758,P＜0.05),CRP((15.6±2.3) mg/L vs.(1.9±0.8) mg/L,t =14.547,P＜0.05) and Fg((4.6± 1.4) g/L vs.(3.1 ±0.9) g/L,t =3.936,P＜ 0.05) of acute cerebral infarction group were all obviously higher than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The levels of serum UA((366.2±23.5) μmol/L,(398.4± 32.7) μmol/L and (457.4± 56.2) μmol/L,F =7.646),CRP ((7.4±1.6) mg/L,(14.6±1.9) mg/L and (22.8±4.6) mg/L,F=9.837) and Fg((3.3±1.4) g/L,(3.9 ± 1.5) g/L and (5.2 ± 2.1) g/L,F =5.757) of mild,middle and heavy groups rise with illness degree,differences were all statistically significance(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that serum UA,CRP levels and Fg,CRP were positively correlated (r =0.683,0.564),the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Serum UA,CRP and Fg levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction obviously increase and they can be regarded as to predict risk factors of cerebral infarction.

Objective To analyze influence of atorvastatin calcium on blood lipid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred and forty patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into the control group (n =70) and observation group(n =70).Patients in the control group were given simvastatin calcium,and in the observation group were given calcium beside control therapy scheme.The course was four weeks.The serum levels of blood lipid and hsCRP of before and one week and four weeks after treatment were measured and compared between the two groups.Results The total cholesterol(TC),glycerin trilaurate(TG) level and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in control group before and after treatment were (6.4± 1.6) mmol/L and (6.4± 1.6) mmol/L,(3.3±0.6) mmol/L and (2.2±0.5) mmol/L,(4.7±0.8) mmol/L and (3.3±0.6) mmol/L,and the difference was significant (t=7.364,5.872,5.692;P=0.028,0.042,0.035).The TC,TG levels,LDL-C in observation group before and after treatment were (6.4±1.4) mmol/L and (3.5±0.6) mmol/L,(3.2±0.8) mmol/L and (1.8±0.5) mmol/L,(4.6±0.6) mmol/L and (2.4±0.5) mmol/L,and the differences were significant (t =8.657,6.264,6.674;P =0.015,0.029,0.043).Meanwhile,observation group decreased more significantly (t =4.264,4.827,4.874;P＜0.05).The HDL-C in control group before and after treatment were (1.3±0.4) mmol/L and (1.6± 0.7) mmol/L,in observation group were (1.2 ± 0.5) mmol/L and (2.4 ± 0.5) mmol/L,and the differences were significant (t =5.976,6.743;P =0.039,0.031).Meanwhile,observation group increased more significantly(t =5.363,P＜ 0.05).The hs-CRP of all groups significantly reduced after treatment,and the differences were statistically significant,and the degree of decline was more significant in observation group (treatment effects and time effects of the F values were 24.565 and 15.675,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin calcium can effectively reduce the blood lipid and hs-CRP of patients with acute cerebral infarction and the incidence of cerebrovascular disease,and it is worth popularization and application.

Objective To compare the clinical effects between simple debridement and debridement and interbody fusion and internal fixation for the treatment of children with spinal tuberculosis.Methods 120 cases of children with spinal tuberculosis,were divided into control group(n =60)and observation group(n =60)according to surgical treatment.The control group was administrated with conventional simple debridement treatment,the observation group was administrated with debridement and interbody fusion and internal fixation,the efficacy and quality of life level of two groups of children were compared after treatment.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.3%,which was significantly higher than 73.3% of the control group(χ2 =7.69,P <0.01);The blood loss,operative time,postoperative complication rate of the observation group were (83.47 ±16.35)mL,(35.38 ± 12.34)min and 6.7%,respectively;which in the control group were (165.12 ±22.31)mL,(62.15 ±21.63)min and 21.7% respectively,the difference were statistically significant(t =19.95,20.34,χ2 =8.17,all P <0.05).The adverse reactions(loss of appetite,pain in the spine)rate of the observation group was 8.3%,which was significantly lower than 30.0% of the control group(χ2 =9.02,P <0.05).Conclusion The comparison with conventional simple debridement therapy,the use of debridement over interbody fusion and internal fixation is effective on treatment in children of spinal tuberculosis,children can speed up the recovery with fewer complications,which should be widely applied.

Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1),the most form of the ocular albinism,is an X-linked disorder mainly characterized by a severe reduction of visual acuity,hypopigmentation of the retina,photophobia,strabismus and nystagmus. The OA1 gene is located on chromosome Xp22.32 and the coding sequence is divided into nine exons. The OA1 gene codes for a 404 amino acid protein thought to be a melanosomal transmembrane glycoprotein. The OA1 protein is similar to the G protein-coupled receptors,but it's exact function is not clear. There are many mutations and deletions of the OA1 gene have been found.

0.05).The operation was failed in 2 cases due to the displacement of the renal tube(re-puncture was performed) or massive hemorrhage from torn renal calices(the procedure was terminated,and the bleeding was controlled by compression and hemostat).One patient developed acute pulmonary edema after the operation and was cured by diuretic;4 cases showed postoperative fever;no serious complications occurred in this series.The stone-free rate in one session was 89.1%(49/55).The residual calculi were all cleared by a second operation combined with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.The patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months(mean,6 months),during which no recurrent case was found.ConclusionUreteroscopy is safe and effective for establishing renal channel in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Objective To study the protective effect of oxygen carrying liquid to brain tissue after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.Methods Collagenase and heparin were injected into the caudate nucleus of rats by stereotactic operation to induce a hemorrhage model,we observed the water content of brain,the morphology of the brain,the change of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and biochemical markers in each group.Results Group B without oxygen carrying liquid had more serious injury than group A with oxygen carrying liquid.Water content of brain tissue in group B (80.55?0.80%) was higher than group A (77.94?1 16%),group B had higher MBP levels(0.87?0.44 ng/ml) than group A (0.54?0.19 ng/ml), group B had higher NSE levels (1.74?0.68 ng/ml) than group A (1.19?0 49 ng/ml),There was remarkable difference in the two groups.Conclusion The oxygen carrying liquid had fine protective effect to the brain tissue around the hematoma after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.