ObjectiveTo observe the effect of extract of ginkgo biloba(EGB) on cytokine levels and clinical efficacy of patients with asthma.Methods A prospective randomized control trial was conducted. 112 patients with asthma in Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Union University were enrolled. The patients were divided into ginkgo lamina group(58 cases) and conventional therapy group(54 cases) by random number table.According to the Global Initiative for Asthma(GINA) Prevention and Treatment, both groups received conventional therapy, and in addition, every patient in ginkgo lamina group took 2 tablets once of EGB(40 mg/tablet) orally, 3 times a day for 2 weeks. The radioimmunoassay was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukins(IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) in patients of two groups before and after treatment, and the changes of pulmonary functions were observed.Results After treatment, serum IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly decreased and IL-10 was increased in patients of both groups, the above changes of indexes in ginkgo lamina group being more obvious compared with those in conventional therapy group〔IL-6(μg/L): 0.15±0.05 vs. 0.23±0.12, IL-8 (μg/L): 0.51±0.24 vs. 1.42±0.54, IL-10(μg/L): 69.18±13.12 vs. 32.61±12.51, TNF-α(μg/L): 1.35±0.59 vs. 2.14±1.52,allP<0.05〕. After treatment, the pulmonary function indexes of patients in the two groups were increased obviously, and the increase in ginkgo biloba group being more significant compared with that in conventional therapy group〔percentage of 1 second forced expiratory volume/predicted value(FEV1%):(68.12±0.38)% vs. (55.32±0.24)%, FEV1/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC):(71.32±0.59)% vs.(56.56±0.42)%, percentage of peak expiratory flow rate/predicted value(PEF%):(63.28±0.24)% vs.(52.14±0.24)%, allP<0.05〕. ConclusionGinkgo biloba may improve the airway inflammation in patients with asthma by affecting the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression levels of three T-type calcium channel receptors (α1G; α1H; α1I) in the cochlea and spiral ganglion neurons of C57BL/6J mice with different ages. METHOD: Thirty cases of C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups (6-8 W, 24-26 W, 42-44 W) according to the age. The expressions of three T-type calcium channel receptors were quantified by RT-PCR after hearing thresholds measured by ABR. RESULT: Three receptors were detected in the cochlea and spiral ganglion neurons of 6-8 W C57BL/6J mice. The quantitative results showed that the expression levels of α1H and α1I were highest among three receptors in spiral ganglion neurons and in the cochlea respectively. The expression levels of three receptors significantly decreased with age,especially at the age of 4244 W. CONCLUSION The expression of T-type calcium channel receptors reduced with age in the inner ear of C57BL/6J mice.
Animals ; Calcium Channels ; Calcium Channels, T-Type ; biosynthesis ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Ear, Inner ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing ; Spiral Ganglion ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and clinical significance of serum S100β and NSE on moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS) after the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). METHOD: A total of 60 cases with obstructive sleep apnea were choosed with PSG in our hospital in June 2009 to June 2009. According to apnea hypoventilation index and at night the lowest oxygen saturation, divided into severe group (n=60) and moderate group (n=60), selecting 60 cases of healthy physical examination for a control over the same period. According to the length of the course of the disease in patients with each group can be divided into <5 years group, 5-10 years and > 10 years group, severe and moderate groups were recruited to undergo an CPAP treatment,both before and after treatment for 3 months, the lowest oxygen saturation, average blood oxygen saturation and apnea hypoventilation index were determined in moderate and severe groups with PSG, at the same time, serum S100β and NSE were determined with immune enzyme-linked adsorption testing before and after patients in different course of treatment and control group. RESULT: Compared with pretherapy of severe and moderate groups, the lowest oxygen saturation, average blood oxygen saturation and apnea hypoventilation index were ower after treatment (P<0. 05), serum S100β and NSE in severe and moderate groups before and after treatment were significantly higher than control group (P<0. 05), and two groups > 10 years before and after treatment in patients with serum according to beta and NSE levels higher than 5-10 patients, 5-10 patients before and after treatment according to beta and NSE serum levels higher than <5 years group of patients, the relation between the two groups of patients before and after treatment according to beta and NSE serum levels with the extension of history time increased. Before the treatment serum according to beta and NSE in patients with severe group were higher than moderate group before treatment (P< 0.05). Relation between the two groups after treatment according to beta and serum NSE was significantly decreased the (P<0. 05), the relation between the two groups after treatment according to beta and serum NSE, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0. 05), the relation between two groups according to beta, NSE serum are positively correlated with AHI (P < 0. 01). CONCLUTION CPAP significantly reduced serum S100β and NSE levels in patients with OSAHS, both may be important index which evaluated nervous system protection of CPAP in patients with OSAHS.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; therapy

Objective:To investigate the correlation between IL-10 and I1-17 expression levels in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and lung function.Methods:70 patients were included in this study.According to wheezing or not,they were divided into wheezing group and non-wheezing group.Another 30 healthy children were taken as a control group.After taking fasting blood 5ml,the serum IL-10 and IL-17 expression levels were detected by ELISA.The forced expiratory volume in one second (PEV1),peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced vital capacity (FEV1 / FVC) of all subjects were detected.Results:The IL-10 expression level of the wheezing group were significantly different with that of the control group (P＜0.05) and that of the non-wheezing group (P＜0.05).The 1L-17 expression level of the wheezing group also had significant difference (P＜0.05) with that of the control group and non-wheezing group (P＜0.05).The IL-10 expression levels of wheezing and non-wheezing group all were lower than that of the control group.Whereas the IL-17 expression levels of wheezing and non-wheezing group all were higher than that in the control group.In addition,patients in wheezing group had higher PEV1,PEF,PVE1/FVC values than those in non-wheezing group,with significant difference (P＜0.05).The serum level of IL-10 expression of Mycoplasma pneumonia patients was positively correlated with PEV1,PEF and PVE1/FVC,while the serum level of IL-17 expression of Mycoplasma pneumonia patients was negatively correlated with PEV1,PEF and PVE1/FVC.Conclusion:The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-10 expression of Mycoplasma pneumonia children had close correlation with their pulmonary function.

Objective To explore the expression changes of C/EBP homologous binding protein (CHOP)in intermittent hypoxic rats with cognitive function decline and clinical significance.Methods We randomly divided 75 adult male Wistar rats into normal group (NC group),5% intermittent hypoxia group (5% CIH group)and 10%intermittent hypoxia group (10% CIH group),with 25 rats in each.Then the three groups were further divided into 3 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d subgroups,and each time a subgroup had 5 rats.The control group was exposed to the air while 10% CIH group and 5% CIH group were exposed to CIH for eight hours from 8:00 to 1 6:00 each day. After exposure for 3 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d,the cognitive function of rats was assessed with Morris water maze, the expression of CHOP in the hippocampus was assayed qualitatively by immunohistochemical technique,and the apoptosis of neurons was detected by TUNEL method.Results ① With prolonged hypoxia,the time of escape latency obviously prolonged,the time spent crossing the target quadrant shortened (P < 0.05 ),and the apoptosis index of hippocampal neurons in the CIH groups was increased gradually compared with those in control group (P <0.05).The above-mentioned indexes changed more significantly in 5% CIH group than in 10% CIH group (P <0.05).②.The expression of CHOP protein at each time point was increased (P <0.05 ).In 10% CIH group it reached the peak at 28 d while in 5% CIH group it decreased after it peaked at 21 d.③ The expression of CHOP in the two CIH groups was positively correlated with apoptosis index and animal escape latency time,but negatively correlated with the target quadrant time.Conclusion Intermittent hypoxia,which is likely to induce the high expression of CHOP and activation of neural CHOP mediated apoptosis,causes cognitive impairment of various degrees.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitors are novel drugs targeted for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.BTK inhibitors have pro-duced strong curative effects,especially for mantle cell lymphoma(MCL),chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma(CLL/SSL),and Waldenstr?m's macroglobulinemia(WM).However,the adverse effect of bleeding has gradually been noted with the wide-spread use of BTK inhibitors in clinical practice.Bleeding events are caused by the off-target effects of BTK inhibitors,which affect platelet function through multiple signaling pathways during use.Bleeding affects patient treatment and threatens their quality of life.As such,the clinical management of bleeding should be strengthened.This paper provides a review of the mechanisms of action and clinical manage-ment of bleeding caused by BTK inhibitors.

Objective To observe the effect of edaravone (ED) on cognition function and expression of Nogo-A in prefrontal cortex neuron of rats with serious intermittent hypoxia.Methods Ninety-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) model group and ED group, 32 rats in each group. The rat model of CIH was reproduced in a low oxygen box at 08:00-15:00 every day: alternatively, different flow rates of nitrogen and compressed air were given, 120 seconds being one cycle, maintaining the oxygen concentration at 5%-21% in the low oxygen chamber; the normalcontrol group was continuously under the circumstance fulfilled with compressed air. The rat in ED group was given intravenous injection of 3 mg/kg ED in a tail vein at 07:00 daily. After modeling for 7, 14, 21, 28 days, the learning and memory functions of rats were assessed with the Morris water maze test, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the rat prefrontal lobe tissue was detected; the level of Nogo-A protein expression in the rat prefrontal cortex was examined by immunohistochemical method .Results ① Rat learning results: in CIH model group, with the time prolongation escaping latency period was gradually longer, since 14 days after the modeling, the difference was statistically significant compared with that in normal control group, while the learning time in ED group was obviously shorter than that in the CIH model group (seconds: 14 days was 26.97±3.35 vs. 34.95±3.36, 21 days was 32.78±4.59 vs. 46.72±4.11, 28 days was 41.39±3.84 vs. 57.35±3.72, allP < 0.05). ② Rat memory results: the rats in CIH model group, with the time prolongation crossing the target quadrant time was gradually shorter, since 14 days after the modeling, the difference was statistically significant compared with that of the normal control group, while the memory time in the ED group was obviously longer than that of the model group (seconds: 14 days was 42.72±3.35 vs. 39.88±3.56, 21 days was 40.48±4.62 vs. 28.72±3.93, 28 days was 31.13±3.46 vs. 22.79±3.24, allP < 0.05). ③ ROS content: with the time prolongation, ROS content was gradually increased in CIH model group, but the ROS content in ED group was significantly lower than that in CIH model group at various time points (MU/L: 7 days was 13.27±0.23 vs. 17.68±0.51, 14 days was 15.51±0.28 vs. 20.41±0.65, 21 days was 20.29±0.44 vs. 23.86±0.35, 28 days was 24.46±0.53 vs. 30.43±0.85, allP < 0.05). ④ Protein expression of Nogo-A: with the time prolongation, the protein expression of Nogo-A was gradually increased in CIH model group, they reached the peak on the 14th day, the expression of Nogo-A [absorbance (A) value] in ED group were significantly lower than that in CIH model group at each time point (×103: 7 days was 4.80±0.70 vs. 5.99±0.62, 14 days was 5.89±0.90 vs. 7.42±0.66, 21 days was 4.92±0.64 vs. 5.90±0.37, 28 days was 3.59±0.59 vs. 4.27±0.40, allP < 0.05).Conclusions The mechanism of ED has a valid therapeutic effect on the cognitive dysfunction induced by serious intermittent hypoxia in rats, ED can remove oxygen free radicals and inhibit the protein expression of Nogo-A in the prefrontal cortex, so ED can alleviate the damage of cognitive function in rats with CIH.

Objective To analyze the relationship between internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and ipsilateral retinal vascular calibers,and to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of changes of retinal vascular calibers for assessment of ICA stenosis.Methods Unilateral ICA and ipsilateral retinal vascular of 243 patients were enrolled based on CTA and fundus imaging.Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the highest ICA stenosis rate (Rmax),i.e.no stenosis group,mild stenosis group,moderate stenosis group and severe stenosis group.The differences of retinal vascular calibers among four groups and correlation between retinal vascular calibers and ICA stenosis were analyzed.Results The average central retinal vein equivalents (CRVE) in moderate ICA stenosis group and severe stenosis group were significantly wider than those in the other two groups (all P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance of central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) nor retinal arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR) among groups (both P＞0.05).Rmax was positively correlated with CRVE (r=0.27,P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with AVR (r=-0.16,P＜0.05),whereas Rmax had no correlation with CRAE (P＞0.05).CRVE was the impact factor of ipsilateral Rmax (B=0.243,P＜0.01),but the adjusted R2 of the model was weak (0.173).Area under the ROC curve of CRVE was 0.619 in assessing ICA moderate and severe stenosis,and taking threshold as 229.5μm,the sensitivity and specificity was 80.3％ and 40.1％,respectively.Conclusion CRVE can assess and predict ICA stenosis to some extent,but the diagnosis efficacy is limited.

Background Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the highest consumed and the most widely used phthalic acid ester, their effects on lipid metabolism have attracted the attention of many scholars. However, the associated mechanism is still unclear. Objective To observe the effect of DEHP on lipid metabolism in rats, probe its possible mechanism, and provide a research basis for the effect of DEHP on human lipid metabolism. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: solvent control (0 mg·kg⁻¹ DEHP), low DEHP (187 mg·kg⁻¹), medium DEHP (375 mg·kg⁻¹), and high DEHP (750 mg·kg⁻¹) groups. DEHP was administered by oral gavage for 6 d per week, consecutively 8 weeks. The rats were weighed once a week during the exposure period. At 24 h after the last exposure, the rats were anesthetized with 20% urethane and sacrificed by apical puncture. Rat livers were harvested and weighed before hematoxylin-eosin (HE) histopathological observation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in liver, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related proteins JAK3, STAT5b, and PPARγ in liver. Results Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the body weight gain of the rats in each group (P>0.05). The liver organ coefficients of the DEHP exposure groups were higher than that of the control group (P<0.001), and increased with higher DEHP dosages. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum decreased in all DEHP exposure groups (P<0.05), and the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum increased in the high DEHP group (P<0.05). The results of liver histopathological morphology showed that the hepatocytes of each DEHP group were enlarged and edematous in varying degrees, with loose stroma and irregular arrangement of cells, which were manifested as inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty degeneration of liver cells. Compared to the control group, the mRNA levels of JAK3, STAT5b, and PPARγ in liver tissues of rats in each DEHP group decreased (P<0.001). Compared to the control group, the relative expression levels of JAK3 in each DEHP group decreased (P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of STAT5b and PPARγ in the medium and high DEHP groups decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion DEHP exposure can induce abnormal lipid metabolism in rats, and the mechanism may be related to DEHP inhibiting the activation of JAK3/STAT5b/PPARγ signaling pathway.