Objective To study effect of celecoxib on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and matrix metabolism of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA).Methods Use a modified way of mechanical fixation to make rabbit OA model.Knee OA separated and extractd rabbit chondrocytes were and then culture in medium.The cultured chondroctyes were divided into the Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group and the celecoxib group, which were given 1％ DMSO and 10 μmol/L celecoxib respectively.After 48 hours' intervention, the protein expression and gene expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related factors, including β-catenin,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, collagen Ⅱ were detected.T-test was used for the comparison between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group, the levels of type Ⅱ collagen [(275±19) ng/ml vs (202±12) ng/ml, t=-6.21, P＜0.05] and proteoglycan [(58±12) ng/ml vs (30±3) ng/ml, t=-9.23, P＜0.05] significantly increased in celecoxib group (P＜0.05).Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the levels of β-catenin, MMP-3, MMP-13 mRNA and protein in celecoxib group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05).Conclusion In rabbit OA chondrocytes, celecoxib can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reduce downstream factors expression including MMPs, thereby increase the cartilage matrix type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan levels.

To study the visual magnocellular deficit in alphabetic and Chinese developmental dyslex?ia from behavioral,neural mechanism and intervention studies,critical words in Chinese and English (de?velopmental dyslexia and magnocellular pathway or dorsal stream or contrast sensitivity or coherent mo?tion ) were searched in Chinese and English databases(CNKI,PubMed,ScienceDirect,etc.) from Septem?ber to December,2015. Forty?three relevant articles which aimed to investigate the visual magnocellular defi?cit in developmental dyslexia were selected among 75 articles according to the searching result and the objec?tive of the present study. The results showed that alphabetic studies consistently consistently manifested the magnocellular deficit in developmental dyslexia from the aspects of behavioral performance,neural activities and intervention effects. However,whether the deficit was the cause or the consequence of dyslexia remains controversial. In Chinese,most of studies on magnocellular deficit of developmental dyslexia were behavioral. There were few studies from aspects of neural mechanism and intervention. Alphabetic and Chinese studies consistently manifested magnocellular deficit in developmental dyslexia,suggesting the consistency across lan?guages. However,more comprehensive studies are required to further explore the causal relationship between magnocellular deficit and developmental dyslexia.

AIM: To study the change of blood lipid and difference of expressed gene in chest aorta cells of atherosclerosis model rats with or without the treatment of Taishan Ganoderma Lucidum amylose.METHODS: The concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum were measured by automatic serum biochemical assay. Differential-display reverse transcription-PCR (DDRT-PCR) was used to analyze the differential expressed gene in chest aorta cells of atherosclerosis model rat with or without the treatment of Taishan Ganoderma Lucidum amylose. The differential expressed cDNA was confirmed by reverse Northern blotting.RESULTS: Up-regulated and down-regulated cDNA were isolated in chest aorta cells of atherosclerosis model rats with or without Taishan Ganoderma Lucidum amylose treatment. The known up-regulated genes included cytB561, ERP72, nitric oxide synthase 2 and Gpx1. The known down-regulated genes included thymosin β4, FGFRI oncogene, ICAM-1, FK506 binding protein, c-myc and TNF-α. CONCLUSION: Taishan Ganoderma Lucidum amylose decreases the level of blood lipid.

Objective To explore the relationship between osteopontin (OPN),its downstream product thrombin-cleaved osteopontin (NTOPN) and radiographic changes in osteoarthritis (OA).Methods The levels of OPN and NTOPN in serum and synovial fluid were tested by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) kit in 22 OA patients and 21 health controls.The correlation between the above parameters and clinical data such as radiology changes of OA patients was analyzed.Results The serum level of OPN in the OA group was positively correlated with C reactive protein (CRP) (r =0.574,P =0.005).The serum level of OPN in the OA group was slightly lower than that in the healthy control group [(1.8 ± 0.5) μg/L vs (1.7 ± 1.1) μg/L,P ＞ 0.05].Similarly,the serum level of NTOPN in the OA group was significantly higher than that in control group [(21.1 ± 11.7) μg/L vs (14.7 ± 3.6) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Meanwhile,serum NTOPN level in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients [(23.2 ± 11.80) μg/L vs (11.1 ± 4.9) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].In synovial fluid of OA group,the level of OPN was (7.75 ± 2.33) μg/L,NTOPN was (0.91 ± 0.49) μg/L and the ratio of NTOPN/OPN was 0.12 ± 0.08.The level of OPN of synovial fluid in the OA group was positively correlated with CRP (r =0.574,P =0.005).NTOPN-to-OPN ratio of synovial fluid in the OA group was positively correlated with Kellgren-Lawrence grade (r =0.535,P =0.022).Conclusions The serum level of OPN is correlated with severity of inflammation in the OA patients.Meanwhile,NTOPN-to-OPN ratio of synovial fluid is correlated with OA severity.As a downstream bioactive product of OPN,NTOPN may play an important role in OA pathogenesis.Whether these parameters can be used as predictors of joint lesion severity and inflammatory status is worth further study.

Objective To systematically compare the effects of integrated Chinese-Western medicine(ICWM) with Western medicine alone(WM) in treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Both a computer-aided search of PubMed,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang data and an intensive search by hand were conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of ICWM with WM in treating T2DM and Meta-analysis was performed.Results Ninety six studies were collected,of which 20 studies were involved.Combined OR of efficient rate was 4.26 and its 95% confidence interval(CI) was 3.42-5.32,weighted mean difference(WMD) of fasting blood glucose(FBG),triglyceride and total cholesterol were-1.16 mmol?L-1[95%CI-1.36,-0.96],-0.27 mmol?L-1 [95%CI-0.41,-0.12],-0.71 mmol?L1 [95%CI-0.98,0.44],respectively.Conclusion ICWM has a better effect in treating T2DM compared with WM alone.

0.05).However,the percentage of patients with cholecystolithiassis was 86.5% in IGC group,and 50.6% in GC group(P=0.000).Besides the percentage of IA stage in IGC group(29.7%) was relatively higher than that(9.0%)in GC group(P=0.03);the surgical resection rate of tumor in IGC group was 56.8% and 32.6% in GC group(P=0.01).Nevertheless,the percentage of advance stage in IGC group(43.2%) was relatively lower than that in GC group(74.2%)(P=0.001).The overall 1,3,and 5-year survival rate of IGC group was 70.0%,31.2% and 26.8% repectively,and the mean survival time was17 months(51?13);which were significantly higher than those in GC group,in which the 1,3,5-year survival rate was 27.0%,17.7% and 15.1% repectively and the mean survival time was(25?8),5 months(all P=0.006).Single factor analysis showed that the survival time in IGC patients was influenced by the TNM stage(P=0.000),pT-category(P=0.000),operation-category(P=0.008);however,postoperative pathological grade(P=0.080),age(P=0.188) and sex(P=0.234) had no influence on survival rate.According to multivariate analysis,pT-category(P=0.000)was an independent factor for the survival time of IGC.Conclusions Comparing with GC group,IGC has a higher percentage of cholecystolithiassis,IA tumor stage and surgical resection rate,and thus,it has relatively better progonosis.pT-category is the vital independent prognostic factor in IGC.If a patient in ICG has been misdiagnosed during the primary operation,the patient should be re-operated for radical excision as soon as possible,except when the tumor is in stage Tis or T1a.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance,indication,operation experience and complication of biopsy for middle skull base neoplasms under nasal endoscope.METHODS A total of 48 patients with middle skull base neoplasms underwent biopsy under nasal endoscope with local or general anesthesia.RESULTS Biopsy was successfully done in 95.8%patients.Two patients failed to the procedure because of bleeding.Forty two patients were diagnosed pathologically through the biopsy at the first time,and 4 patients were diagnosed through the biopsy at the second time.The positive rates of the biopsy near and in the lesions were 82.6%and 97.8%respectively. The positive rates were significantly different between those two different biopsy sites(P=0.02).Blood loss was less than 50ml in 85.4%patients.Only one patient had the complication of leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.CONCLUSION Biopsy of middle skull base neoplasms under nasal endoscope can identify the pathological nature of the lesions with minimal invasion and less complication,and it is a reliable method.The pathological positive rate is relative to the sites of the biopsy.Serial biopsies can increase the positive rate.

BACKGROUND:Overweight and obesity can lead to a disorder of sex hormone in men. The increase in female hormone levels may inhibit the synthesis and secretion of male hormone, increase fat accumulation and form a vicious circle. Exercise can effectively reduce body fat. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different exercise loads on sex hormone and the quality of sperm in obese male mice. METHODS: Weanling male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control group and obesity group. Mice in the obesity group were given high fat diet for 10 weeks to establish mouse model of obesity. The amount of food and water was recorded daily. Body weight was weighed once every week. After model induction, models were assigned to obesity moderate load exercise group and obesity high load exercise group. These models did exercises for 8 weeks. Body length was measured. Body weight, abdominal fat, testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle were weighed. Sperm activity and motility were observed by the sperm counting method in the epididymis tail. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum progesterone, folicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and estradiol. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal control group, body weight, abdominal fat weight, and lee’s index were increased (P < 0.01); the coefficient of testis and seminal vesicle were significantly decreased (P < 0.01); serum levels of luteinizing hormone, folicle stimulating hormone and testosterone were significantly decreased and estradiol level was significantly increased (P< 0.05); sperm count and activity were significantly decreased in the obesity group (P < 0.01). Compared with the obesity group, body weight, abdominal fat weight and lee’s index were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01); the coefficient of testis and seminal vesicle were significantly increased in the obesity moderate load exercise group and obesity high load exercise group (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01). Serum luteinizing hormone, folicle stimulating hormone and testosterone levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01); estradiol levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); sperm count and activity were significantly increased (P < 0.01,P < 0.05) in the obesity moderate load exercise group. Compared with the obesity moderate load exercise group, abdominal fat weight and lee’s index were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); serum luteinizing hormone, folicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, sperm count and activity were decreased in the obesity high load exercise group (P < 0.01). These results indicate that long-term high fat diet leads to early obesity in males, inhibits the development of the reproductive gland and reproductive organs, and causes the decrease of the level of male hormone and sperm quality. Long-term moderate load exercise effectively reduces body fat, improves the inhibitory effect on male reproductive organs and glands, and relieves the negative effect of obesity on reproductive function. The effect of long-term large load exercise on reducing body fat is better than medium load exercise, but it has little effect on improving the level of male hormone in obese mice or on relieving the negative effect of obesity on reproductive function, even has a tendency to aggravate.

Objective To investigate the effects of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release from PC12 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) and its mediated inflammatory response in BV2 cells.Methods PC12 and BV2 cells were cultured,respectively.The PC12 cells were used to induce a model of oxygen glucose deprivation for 12 h and reoxygenation for 24 h.After giving 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) 5,50 and 100 μmol/L as well as Compound C 0.1,1 and 10 μmol/L activation or inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation,respectively,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to detect the PC12 cell activity.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the HMGB1 release level in the PC12 cell culture media.After OGD/R in each group,the PC12 culture media were acted on normal cultured BV2 cells for 24 h respectively.Westem blotting and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the NFκB inhibitory protein (inhibitor of NFκB,IκB) phosphorylation level and TNF-α release level in BV2 cells,respectively.Results After OGD/R,the PC12 cell activity was decreased significantly (68.84％±6.60％ vs.100.04％ ± 8.82％;P ＜ 0.01);the AMPK phosphorylation level was increased significantly (1.95 ±0.39 vs.1.00 ±0.20;P＜0.05),and the extracellular HMGB1 release was increased significantly (287.66 ± 26.42 pg/μl vs.53.05 ± 9.11 pg/μl;P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the OGD/R group,AICAR 100 μmol/L significantly increased the survival rate of PC12 cell after OGD/R (78.6％ ± 3.75％ vs.68.84％ ± 6.60％;P ＜ 0.05),promoted AMPK phosphorylation (3.32 ± 0.66 vs.1.95 ± 0.39;P ＜ 0.01),and reduce the release of extracellular HMGB1 (164.06 ± 12.77 pg/μl vs.287.66 ± 26.42 pg/μl;P ＜0.01).In contrast,Compound C 10 μmol/L significantly reduced the cell survival rate of PC12 (40.44％ ±3.79％ vs.68.84％ ±6.60％;P ＜0.01),inhibited AMPK phosphorylation (1.07 ± 0.21 vs.1.95 ± 0.39;P＜0.05),and increased the release of HMGB1 (337.97 ± 18.9 pg/μlvs.287.66 ± 26.42 pg/μl;P＜0.01).The conditioned medium from the AICAR 100 μmol/L group significantly inhibited IκB phosphorylation (1.68 ±0.51 vs.3.09 ± 0.10;P ＜ 0.05) and reduced the release of TNF-α (669.53 ±38.58 pg/μlvs.841.76 ± 45.82 pg/μl;P＜ 0.05) in BV2 cells.The conditioned medium from the compound C 10 μmol/L group significantly promoted IκB phosphorylation (4.98 ± 1.24 vs.3.09 ± 0.10;P ＜0.01) and increased the release of TNF-α (1 035.32 ± 128.06 pg/μl vs.841.76 ± 45.82 pg/μl;P ＜0.05) in BV2 cells.Conclusions Promoting AMPK phosphorylation activation may reduce the release of HMGB1 from PC12 cells after OGD/R,and inhibit its mediated NF-κB inflammatory pathway and reduce the release of TNF-αin BV2 cells,and thus reducing neuroinflammatory injury.On the contrary,inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation may promote the release of HMGB1 from PC12 cells after OGD/R and aggravate its mediated inflammatory reaction in BV2 cells.

Objective To measure the levels of caspase-1 and its downstream factor interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-33 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore their possible mechanisms.Methods Blood samples were drown from 56 patients with RA and 22 healthy subjects.Serum levels of caspase-1,IL-18 and IL-33were tested by the method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Kruskal-Walls and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the levels of caspase-1,[L-18 and IL-33 and Spearman's correlation test was used for correlation analysis.Results The level of caspase-1 was significantly increased in RA group compared to healthy group [(32±26) ng/ml vs (15±6) ng/ml,P＜0.01].Meanwhile,the active disease groups showed a higher level than the remission group,and level in the untreated group was higher than the treated group [(47±27) ng/ml vs (25±22) ng/ml,P＜0.01].The levels of IL-18 and IL-33 were significantly increased in RA group compared to healthy group [(121±121) ng/L vs (58±33) ng/L,(1032±1011) ng/L vs (510±231)ng/L,respectively,P＜0.05].Meanwhile,the active disease groups had a higher level than the remission group and the untreated group had higher levels than the treated group [IL-18 and IL-33 were (172±139) ng/L vs (97±106) ng/L,(1469±1039) ng/L vs (825±941) ng/L,respectively,P＜0.05].Caspase-1 was correlated withIL-18 and IL-33 (r=0.824,0.854,P＜0.01) and IL-18 was correlated with IL-33 (r=0.800,P＜0.01).But neither of the three factors was related with clinical indexes including disease duration,RF,anti-CCP antibody,tender joints count and swollen joints count.Conclusion Caspase-1 and its downstream factor IL-18,IL-33 increase in RA,and they may play important roles in RA.