37 free second molar residual crowns were repaired by glass fiber post and resin core(GF group),and another 37 by cobalt chromium alloy casting post and core(CCA group).The success rate of 1 ~5 years of GF group was 1 00%,1 00%,91 .9%,86.5% and 81 .1 %;that of CCA group 97.3%,91 .9%,83.8%,81 .1 % and 73.0%,respectively(P >0.05).

Objective To investigate the clinical features of myasthenia gravis (MG) in elderly people. Methods Elderly patients among all MG patients observed from February 1977 to February 2003 were respectively reviewed. Results Of 3010 MG patients,232(7.7%) were identified with the onset of the disease after or at the age of 60,and males were more than females with the ratio of 1.3∶1. The first and most commonly seen symptom in the elderly people after MG onset were ocular manifestation,occurring in 79.3%. Bulbar symptoms(12.9%) such as dysarthria and swallowing difficulties were the following symptoms. The systemic form (62.9%) were significantly more than ocular form (37.1%). There were less MG patients with autoimmunity diseases such as thyroid diseases associated with MG than that with the other senile diseases,and the myasthenia crisis were even less in the elderly patients with MG. However,it was found that more MG patients with thymoma than with other thymus abnormality. Conclusions The elderly MG patients had its distinctive clinical features. It is beneficial for diagnosing and treating the MG patients in the elderly people by understanding these clinical features.

Objective To study the relationships between airway inflammation,reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) before and after treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with asthma.Methods Twenty-eight patients with asthma (asthma group) were treated with inhaled budesonide (200 μg,twice a day for 12 months).Lung function,bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and airway biopsy pathology were carried out before and after treatment.And 10 patients without asthma were acted as control group.Results BAL fluid eosinophils,epithelial cell and mast cell proportions before treatment in asthma group were significantly higher than those in control group [asthma group:(1.60 ±0.11)％,(2.50 ±0.29)％,(0.1100 ±0.0100)％ ;control group:(0.50 ±0.02)％,(1.20 ±0.08)％,(0.0200 ±0.0001)％,P ＜0.01].RBM and smooth muscle thickness were increased in asthma group than those in control group [ asthma group:( 14.25 ± 2.15 ),(0.36 ± 0.01 ) μ m;control group:(4.45 ± 1.22),(0.20 ± 0.01 ) μ m,P ＜ 0.01 ].BAL fluid eosinophils,epithelial cell and mast cell proportions,RBM and smooth muscle thickness decreased after treatment in asthma group [ (0.80 ±0.04)％,(1.60 ±0.07)％,(0.0500 ±0.0020)％,(6.18 ± 1.30) μm,(0.26 ±0.02) μm,P ＜0.01].RBM thickness was negative correlation with methacholine provoking dose which made forced expired volume in one second reduce by 20％ (r =-0.672,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Airway inflammation,RBM thickness and BHR in patients with asthma are interrelated and improved with ICS.The results of this study support the need for early and long treatment with ICS.

Objective To observe the influence of health education on compliance of children nn-dergoing megacolon radical operation. Methods A questionnaire investigation was conducted on compli-ance of children undergoing megncolon radical operation before and after health education. ResultsCompliance of children patients and their family members increased after health education (P<0.05).Conclusions Health education could improve the compliance of children patients and their family mem-bers as well as the cognition about the disease knowledge so that the rehabilitation was facilitated.

OBJECTIVE To ensure the lustration of atmosphere in the admixture room of pharmacy intravenous admixture service(PIVAS).METHODS We adopted strict nosocomial infection administration in PIVAS management and maintenance of the cleaning procedure.At the same time,we taken disinfection measurement and management of the staff,articles and operation criteria strictly.RESULTS Every supervision items had reached the government standards since the PIVAS was put into clinical use 3 years ago and the intravenous infusion reactions had not happened.CONCLUSIONS These administration measures can ensure the lustration of atmosphere to reach the standard effectively.

Objective To observe the change of regulatory T cells expression in severely burned rats gut ,To investigate the effects of regulatory T cells on CD3+CD4+ /CD3+CD8+lymphocytes and its relation with gut-origin endotoxin translocation .Meth-ods Fifty SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=10)and burn model groups(n=40) .Rats were burned to achieve Ⅲ degree scalding ,and a 30% total body surface area(TBSA) burn model was made .Rats were sacrificed before(normal control group) and after 0 .5 ,1 ,2 ,4 burn hour(PBH groups) .Flow cytometry techniques were used for the detection of the expres-sions of regulatory T cells and CD3+CD4+ /CD3+CD8+ lymphocyte in intestinal lymph nodes which were separated .The dynamic turbidity method was used for detection of endotoxin levels in portal vein blood .Results The expression of regulatory T cells was negativelycorrelatedwithCD3+CD4+ /CD3+CD8+ lymphocyteratio(r= -0.827,P<0.01)inintestinallymphnodeofrats,while the regulatory T cells was positively correlated with ET levels in portal vein blood plasma .(r=0 .782 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion The expression of the regulatory T cells in intestinal lymph node in severely burned rats was increased compared to that in normal con-trol group .Regulatory T cells suppressed the expression of intestinal T lymphocytes ,leading to gut immune inhibition .The translo-cation of intestinal endotoxin has a close relationship with regulatory T cells in severely burned rats .Regulatory T cells could have portal effects on intestinal immunity barrier .

Clinical guidelines,coming into being with the development of evidence-based medicine,are of great significance in reducing medical malpractice and regulating medical behaviors.However,more effective and intelligent measures should be taken for their development and application due to their low utilization and poor compliance of doctors in their implementation.The emergence and structure of clinical guidelines were elaborated with related problems summarized.The knowledge expression models of digital clinical guidelines were analyzed and compared with the challenges faced by the current knowledge expression models of clinical guidelines pointed out.

Objective: To investigate the osteointegration and osteoinduction of nano hydroxyapatite/bioglass ( nHA/BG ) gradient nanofilm on the surface of titanium ( Ti) prepared by hypotherm sintering and plastic deformation. Methods:Hypotherm sintering was used to produce nHA/BG gradient coating followed by soaking in the simulated body fluid. Ti implants with gradient coatings were planted in femoral condyles at one side of 12 New Zealand rabbits and the untreated Ti implants were planted at the other side as the controls. 1, 3 and 6 months after implantation, the animals were sacrificed after X-ray examination and the tissues around the implants from the 3 month group were used for the preparation of hard tissue section and ground section. New bone formation was observed by tetracycline fluorescence staining. Von Gieson staining was used to observe the osteointegration at the interface between bone and im-plant. Results:The gradient coatings were porous and composed of irregular rod-like nano-HA crystals. Animal study showed well es-tablished osteointegration between the gradient coating and more novel bone was found around the implants with gradient coatings. Conclusion:Osteointegration and ostioinduction of Ti implant can be enhanced by nanostructured surface with gradient coatings of nHA/BG.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcomes of immunosuppressive agents used for myasthenia gravis(MG) patients with disease onset after or at 60. Methods Long-term outcome was evaluated in 99 cases with following-up longer than 1 year. Remission, pharmacological remission, and marked improvement were considered as good results or good long-term outcome. Results All good results were recorded in 79 MG patients (79.8%) receiving immunosuppressive treatments. 48 patients had been treated with glucocorticoids (GC) alone, of them, 35(72.9%) achieved good results. 8 of them having a complete remission for 18 to 67 months (averaging (54.8?19.8) months). 16 patients got pharmacological remission for 7 to 37 months (averaging (15.7?8.0) months). MG patients in different gender had different responses to GC. The good long-term outcome was found in 83.3% (25/30) males and only 55.6% (10/18) in females with GC therapy. There was a rate statistically higher in male than in female patients (P

Objective To investigate the difference and the correlation of the vowel's phonation threshold pressure and nasalance in normal subjects .Methods The Aeroview (GLOTTAL Enterprises)with the materials /pa/,/pi/,/pu/ was used to obtain phonation threshold pressure values and The NasalviewTM (Tiger Electronics Inc .,Seattle ,Shanghai) with the materials /a/,/i/,/u/was used to obtain nasalance values .A total of 30 subjects (15 males ,15 females ,and aged 19~30) years old received the tests .The results of the vowel's phonation threshold pressure and nasalance gender score difference were compared .Results The PTP gender scores of /a/,/i/,/u/in maleswere4.53±0.70cm,5.21±0.80cm,5.87±1.45cm,andinfemaleswere4.09±0.30cm,4.47±0.30cm, and 4 .77 ± 0 .32 cm ,respectively .There were significant differences between males and females in PTP values (P<0 .05) .The PTP gender score differences showed that males were greater than that of females .There were signifi‐cant differences in different vowels (P<0 .05) .The nasalance gender scores of /a/,/i/,/u/in males were 30 .2 ± 5 . 75% ,38 .8 ± 8 .54% ,26 .5 ± 6 .03% ,and in females w ere32 .4 ± 7 .14% ,40 .5 ± 11 .8% ,and 30 .1 ± 4 .83% ,respec‐tively .There were no significant differences between males and females in nasalance values (P> 0 .05) .The na‐salance gender score differences showed that females were greater than males .There were significant differences in different vowels(P<0 .05) .This study found a weak correlation between PTP and nasalance .Conclusion The relationship between oral pressure and nasal flow cannot be accurately measured by measuring PTP ,and /pa/is a relatively suit‐able material for testing oral pressure .