The diagnosis of hematological disorders is currently established from the combined results of different tests, including those assessing morphology (M), immunophenotype (I), cytogenetics (C), and molecular biology (M) (collectively known as the MICM classification). In this workflow, most of the results are interpreted manually (i.e., by a human, without automation), which is expertise-dependent, labor-intensive, time-consuming, and with inherent interobserver variability. Also, with advances in instruments and technologies, the data is gaining higher dimensionality and throughput, making additional challenges for manual analysis. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool in clinical hematology to ensure timely diagnosis, precise risk stratification, and treatment success. In this review, we summarize the current advances, limitations, and challenges of AI models and raise potential strategies for improving their performance in each sector of the MICM pipeline. Finally, we share perspectives, highlight future directions, and call for extensive interdisciplinary cooperation to perfect AI with wise human-level strategies and promote its integration into the clinical workflow.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive. Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes, upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Conversely, the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes. These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.
Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Interleukin-33/metabolism* ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Acetylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Signal Transduction

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the genomic characteristics of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) strains circulating in Jilin province from 2010 to 2023.Methods:Vesicle fluid from 78 sporadic cases with VZV infection were collected in Jilin province from 2010 to 2023, after detecting by Real-time PCR, 26 specimens (CT<25) were detected by PCR. Open reading frame 22(ORF22), ORF38 and ORF62 were amplified and analyzed. Genotyping was confirmed by SNPs ORF22 (37902, 38019, 38055, 38081 and 38177) and ORF38 (69424). Vaccine strains were indentified from wild-type strains according to ORF38 (69349) and ORF62 (106262, 107252, and 108111). Sequences were analyzed by homologous comparison and phylogenetic analysis.Results:The comparison with Dumas sequence revealed that SNPs (37902, 38055, 38081 and 38177) in ORF22 and ORF38 (69424) have mutations similar to the pOka strain, which belong to clade 2. Compared to the Dumas and Baike strains, all 26 samples were wild-type strains. JL2016-4 strain changes from threonine to asparaginyl at position 38059, JL2021-4 strain changes from arginine to proline at position 37933, from aspartic acid to tyrosine at position 37935, and from aspartic acid at base 38031 to tyrosine. JL2023-1 strain changes from arginine to leucine at position 37933.Conclusions:VZV has been prevalent for 14 years in Jilin province. The main epidemic strains belong to the clade 2. We should strengthen the monitoring of VZV outbreaks and raise the coverage rate of VZV vaccination.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular network and pretreatment drug resistance genes in the middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥50 years in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide an evidence for the prevention and control of AIDS epidemic. MethodsA total of 332 samples from the newly reported and untreated AIDS patients aged ≥50 years in Huzhou City from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected, pol genes were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nest⁃PCR). Phylogenetic trees analyzing the subtypes were constructed, and a molecular network with a gene distance threshold of 1.0% were constructed at the same time. Mutation sites of drug resistance-related genes were identified through the Data Analysis and Detection System of HIV-1 Resistance Gene Detection of Stanford University, USA. ResultsSequence samples of 308 patients were obtained, and9 genotypes were identified, including CRF07_BC in 172 cases (55.8%), CRF01_AE in 61 cases (19.8%), CRF08_BC in 43 cases (14.0%), CRF85_BC in 9 cases (2.9%), and CRF55_01B in 8 cases (2.6%), subtype B in 5 cases (1.6%), subtype C in 4 cases (1.3%), CRF67_01B in3 cases (1.0%), and unique recombination URF01_AE/07_BC in 3 cases (1.0%). When the gene distance threshold was 1.0%, 28 molecular clusters were formed, and 139 cases were connected to the network, with an access rate of 45.0%. The largest transmission cluster C1 contained 44 cases infected with CRF07_BC subtype, all of whom were heterosexually transmitted, and predominantly by males. A total of 30 patients were found to have low-grade or higher drug resistance mutations, and the pretreatment drug resistance rate was 9.7% (30/308). Among them, there were 5 cases (16.7%) of protease inhibitor (PI) related drug resistance mutations, and 26 cases (86.7%) of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) related drug resistance mutations. ConclusionCRF07_BC is the subtype with the most clusters among the middle-aged and elderly infected patients aged ≥50 years in Huzhou City. Middle-aged and elderly transmission clusters are formed within the three counties of WX, NX and CX through related activities. Molecular network monitoring on newly reported cases aged ≥50 years in Huzhou City should be strengthened so that the new characteristics of epidemic changes can be detected in time, providing a scientific basis for adjusting AIDS prevention and control measures for the elderly.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.