ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of early stage Alzheimer's disease(AD)on white matter(WM)integrity using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and its relationship with cognitive function decline.MethodsDTI was performed in 32 subjects,including 14 early AD patients and 18 elder controls(ON)with a 1.5 T MR scanner. Fractional anisotropy(FA)and mean diffusivity(-D)values were computed and compared for 9 regions of interest(ROI).Eight standard neuropsychological tests were performed and compared between AD and ON to evaluate basic cognitive capacities of AD.Correlation analysis was applied between FA,(-D) values and scores of neuropsychological tests for all subjects.ResultsFA significantly decreased in splenium of the corpus callosum and the posterior parietal-temporal region(S2),and D significantly increased in the splenium in AD patients(P＜0.05).AD patients showed lower scores compared with ON in all neuropsychological tests(P＜0.05).FA of the splenium and S2 positively correlated with several tests scores,while (-D) of multiple ROIs negatively correlated with several tests scores (P＜0.05).ConclusionsIn the early stage of AD,neuropathology has effect not only on cognitive function,but also on white matter structure,and they have strong relationship.AD patients show white matter changes in specific regions,which reflect loss in cortico-cortical connections.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance,indication,operation experience and complication of biopsy for middle skull base neoplasms under nasal endoscope.METHODS A total of 48 patients with middle skull base neoplasms underwent biopsy under nasal endoscope with local or general anesthesia.RESULTS Biopsy was successfully done in 95.8%patients.Two patients failed to the procedure because of bleeding.Forty two patients were diagnosed pathologically through the biopsy at the first time,and 4 patients were diagnosed through the biopsy at the second time.The positive rates of the biopsy near and in the lesions were 82.6%and 97.8%respectively. The positive rates were significantly different between those two different biopsy sites(P=0.02).Blood loss was less than 50ml in 85.4%patients.Only one patient had the complication of leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.CONCLUSION Biopsy of middle skull base neoplasms under nasal endoscope can identify the pathological nature of the lesions with minimal invasion and less complication,and it is a reliable method.The pathological positive rate is relative to the sites of the biopsy.Serial biopsies can increase the positive rate.

Objective To explore the indicators change of early renal injury in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its clinical significance.Methods Ninety cases of COPD including 45 cases with stable period of COPD,45 cases with acute exacerbation of COPD who received treatment in Baoshan Branch of Shanghai General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study.Meanwhile 45 cases of healthy subjects were collected as the control group.According to the extent of hypoxia,the COPD patients were divided into mild subgroups (60mmHg

Objective:To establish the quality control methods for Xinmeng Anshen granule. Methods:TLC was used to identify Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma,Mori Fructus, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen( fried) ,Arachis Hypogaea L. and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus in the granules. HPLC was used to determine the content of protocatechuic aldehyde in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma and spinosin in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. Results:The TLC spots were clear and well-separated without any interference from the nega-tive sample. The calibration curves were linear within the range of 3.972-198.600 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9) for protocatechuic alde-hyde and 7. 070-226. 240 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9) for spinosin. The average recovery was 98. 46% (RSD=1. 18%, n=9) for proto-catechuic aldehyde and 98. 20% (RSD=0. 90%, n=9) for spinosin. Conclusion:The established quality control methods are accu-rate, simple, repeatable and specific. It can be well used for the quality control of Xinmeng Anshen granule.

Objective: To study the change of placental corticotropin releasing hormone level in pregnant women entering spontaneous labor at term and preterm or posterm,and to investigate the value of CRH as an indicator of preterm labor. Methods: Subjects( n =200) were recruited to the study at their antenatal visits,and plasma samples were obtained at their routine antental clinic visits from 28 weeks to parturition at 2 weeks intervals.CRH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: CRH concentrations rose significantly as pregnancy developed and reached the highest level at delivery. Plasma CRH levels were significantly higher in preterm labor and lower in postterm labor after gestational 28 weeks( P

Objective To study the application of SLINKY technique in MRA of head and neck by comparison of four TOF MRA methods. Methods We obtained images on 21 patients and 5 volunteers with SLINKY on all the 26 cases, MOTSA on 18 cases, single volume on 16 cases, and 2D on 12 cases. Three experienced radiologists evaluated the images, unknowing which method the images were. The evaluations included clearness of vessel branches, smoothness of vascular wall, and vascular continuity. Signal-to-noise (SNR), contrast-to-noise (C/Ns), and scan time were measured. Results SLINKY displayed vessel branches better and had better smoothness of vascular wall and vascular continuity than the other three methods(P

This paper deals with a portable monitor system on liquid crystal display (LCD) based on this available ordinary ECG machine, which is low power and suitable for China's specific condition. Apart from developing the overall scheme of the system, this paper also has completed the design of the hardware and the software. The 80c196 single chip microcomputer is taken as the central microprocessor and real time electrocardiac single is data treated and analyzed in the system. With the performance of ordinary monitor, this machine also possesses the following functions: five types of arrhythmia analysis, alarm, freeze, and record of automatic pappering, convenient in carrying, with alternate-current (AC) or direct-current (DC) powered. The hardware circuit is simplified and the software structure is optimized in this paper. Multiple low power designs and LCD unit design are adopted and completed in it. Popular in usage, low in cost price, the portable monitor system will have a valuable influence on China's monitor system field.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Liquid Crystals ; Microcomputers ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Software

and indexes of the ROI which had significant difference between the groups. Results In the white matter regions, MD, D∥and D⊥in many regions of AD group were increased significantly than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. MD and D ⊥ showed more abnormalities, including the SCC, PCB, and FWM. Meanwhile, MK, K∥and K⊥in many regions of AD were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant. K ⊥ showed more abnormalities, including the SCC, FWM and TWM. In the gray matter regions, MD, D∥and D⊥of hippocampal of the AD group were all increased than the control group. However, it showed that MK and K⊥of the thalamus in AD group were 0.99 ± 0.10, 1.00 ± 0.11, respectively, and both increased than the control group (the value of MK and K⊥were 0.90±0.06, 0.90±0.07, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t values was 3.31, 3.57 respectively, and both P values were<0.01). The indexes of different ROI had correlations with the MMSE scores. There were more regions in kurtosis indexes correlated with the MMSE scores than the diffusion indexes. The strongest correlation among the analyses was MK of the SCC (r=0.73, P<0.05). Conclusions This study based on DKI found the complex alterations aroused by microstructural changes were not only in the white matter but also the gray matter of the AD patients, especially the increased kurtosis of the thalamus, and this suggested that the microstructural complexity of it was increased. Moreover, it also suggested that indexes of DKI had varied sensitivity in detecting different diffusion alterations.

Objective To investigate the voxel-based correlation of mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score with apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in the patients with Alzheimer disease. Methods 12 patients aged (70.0± 10.5) years and 16 normal control aged (66.5±6.7) years were enrolled in this study.DTI was performed based on sequence and 32-channel head coils.ADC and FA images were calculated and normalized to the same space and smoothed with 8 mm Gaussian Kernel. With statistical parameter mapping software SPM5 package,the independent two sample t-test with general linear model were performed to detect ADC and FA differences between AD patients and normal control.Correlation analysis was performed between MMSE score and FA or ADC. Results AD patients showed elevated ADC value and decreased FA value in bilateral temporal lobe and anterior cingulate,which was more pronounced in the left than in the right.There was elevation of ADC value but no FA decrease in bilateral posterior cingulate.The abnormal ADC area was larger than that of FA.There was negative correlation between MMSE score and ADC of the right hippocampus(r=-0.9474,P=0.0232) and a tendency towards positive correlation between MMSE score and FA of the right hippocampus(r=0.5414,P=0.5853). Conclusions ADC value may be more sensitive than FA value in DTI. Right temporal lobe microstructure involvement is less severe,but has a stronger relationship with neuropsyehological abnormality.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of tacrolimus on cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). METHODS hBMSCs were cultured with tacrolimus 0.001-5 μmol·L-1. BrdU incorporation was used to assess the cell proliferation while cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were measured to evaluate the osteoblastic differentiation of hBMSCs cultures. The calcineurin (CaN) activity was also examined using commercial CaN assay kit, and core binding factor 1 alpha subunit (Cbfα1) protein level was determined by Western blotting. RESULTSTacrolimus 0.001-0.1 μmol·L-1 promoted BrdU incorporation but had no effect on ALP activity and calcium deposition, whereas tacrolimus 0.5-5 μmol·L-1 resulted in significant decrease in both cell proliferation and osteoblastic maturation, by reducing BrdU incorporation, ALP activity, and calcium deposition of hBMSCs cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, tacrolimus 0.5-5 μmol·L-1 led to concentration-dependent decrement in CaN activity, which was consistent with down-regulated Cbfα1 protein in the tacrolimus treated cells. CONCLUSION High concentration of tacrolimus might inhibit the cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of hBMSCs cultures through a CaN/Cbfα1 pathway.