Objective To explore relativity between serum cortisol and post-stroke depression in old patients with stroke. Methods Serum cortisols of 41 stroke patients were examined two weeks after stroke, and they were all assessed through Hamilton Depression Scale and then happening rates of post-stroke depression observed in both normal cortisol group and enhanced cortisol group were tested through χ2 test. Meanwhile relativity between serum cortisol level and post-stroke depression were analysised. Results Happening rates of post-stroke depression had an evidently difference between both normal cortisol group and enhanced cortisol group(χ2=4.11;P <0.05). Mark of normal cortisol group was 15.29±7.28, enhanced cortisol group was 25.85±10.81, both groups had an evidently difference( P <0.01). Serum cortisols were not obviously relative to depression degree in normal cortisol group( r =0.295;P =0.194) while they were obviously relative in enhanced cortisol group( r =0.702;P =0.001). Conclusion Enhanced cortisol could forecast higher possibility of depression after the old post-stroke, and detecting cortisol could offer theory foundation for prevention and cure of post-stroke depression.

Objective Explore the relationship between translational medicine and research-oriented hospital and to sum up the experiences of developing of research oriented hospital.Methods combined literature research method and experience method.Results In our hospital,under the guidance of the translational medicine,we construct research-oriented hospitals system,train personnel,establish innovative teams,build diversified research platform,and strengthen scientific research management to promote the construction and development of research-oriented hospital.Conclusions Translational medicine research is a concept,and it emphasized the interaction between basic research and clinical practice.The concept of research-oriented hospitals is consistent with translational medicine,and emphasizing the problem comes from the clinical,service to clinical,and it is a model of sustainable development.

Objective:To study B cells proliferation and activation induced by tumor derived-autophagosomes ( TDA). Methods:Splenocytes of mice were incubated with 10μg/ml TDAs in vitro ( with the 10μg/ml whole cell lysate as the control).At the 3rd day,the expression of MHCⅠ,Ⅱand co-stimulate molecules including CD86,CD40 were detected by flow cytometry,and B cells proliferation was detected at the 5th day.B cells were selected from spleen of mice using anti-CD43 dynabeads,and incubated with 10μg/ml TDA in vitro ( with the same concentrated whole tumor cell lysate as the control).At the 7th day,IgM in the supernatant were tested by ELISA.Results:When compared with whole cell lysate stimulated B cells,TDA efficently stimulated B cells division in vitro ( TDA group:28.6%, Whole cell lysate group:4.4%) , and significantly up-regulated the expression of MHC class Ⅰ,Ⅱ and co-stimulatory molecules (CD86 and CD40) on B cells,and enhanced the levels of total IgM secretion in vitro.Conclusion:Tumor-derived autophagosomes ( TDA) ,as a vacuole antigen vector, could stimulate B cells proliferation, activation, and increased IgM secretion in vitro.

Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of self-efficacy among nurses with needlestick injuries and explore effective strategies to improve self-efficacy.Methods 713 clinical nurses with needlestick injuries had been enrolled by convenience and stratified sampling method to comphte the investigation using the self-designed demographic questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale.Results The average score of the self-efficacy was (2.70 ±0.52) points.69.1％ of the needlestick injury nurses had the sclf-efficacy score at the middle level; only 19.1％ of them had a higher level score on self-efficacy.Gender,title,section,initiative report,work environment,and occupational safety training were identified as the influencing factors of the self-efficiency.Conclusions Even though more than half of the nurses with needlestick injuries had a middle level self-efficacy,they need further improvement.Other influencing factors should be explored in future in order to develop the corresponding management intervention which can strengthen the self-efficacy of nurses with needlestick injuries.

Objective To understand the status quo of knowledge,attitude and practice of clinical nurses’ needlesrick injury (NSI) prevention and its influencing factors.Methods In our cross-sectional study,1020 clinical nurses in different levels of hospitals in Suzhou were recruited to participate the questionnaire survey by stratified cluster sampling.Results The average scores of knowledge,attitude,and practice about NSI prevention were (78.60+15.30),(78.88+8.31) and (70.60+13.86),individually.There was significant correlation among knowledge,attitude and practice.Stepwise regression analysis indicated that knowledge,occupational safety training,section,attitude,rifle,work environment and the level of hospital were the main influencing factors of NSI prevention practice.Condusions NSI prevention knowledge,attitude and practice among clinical nurses are unsatisfactory.Nursing administrators should pay close attention to the nursing staffs’ need of NSI prevention knowledge and provide targeted education to promote the formation of positive attitude,correct bad behaviors and promote healthy behaviors of NSI prevention.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), which are widely distributed in the excitable cells, are the primary mediators of electrical signal amplification and propagation. They play important roles in the excitative conduction of the neurons and cardiac muscle cells. The abnormalities of the structures and functions of VGSCs can change the excitability of the cells, resulting in a variety of diseases such as neuropathic pain, epilepsy and arrhythmia. At present, some voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are used for treating those diseases. In the recent years, several neurotoxins have been purified from the venom of the animals, which could inhibit the current of the voltage-gated sodium channels. Usually, these neurotoxins are compounds or small peptides that have been further designed and modified for targeted drugs of sodium channelopathies in the clinical treatment. In addition, a novel cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRBGP) has been isolated and purified from the buccal gland of the lampreys (Lampetra japonica), and it could inhibit the Na+ current of the hippocampus and dorsal root neurons for the first time. In the present study, the progress of the sodium channelopathies and the biological functions of voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are analyzed and summarized.
Animals ; Channelopathies ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neurotoxins ; pharmacology ; Venoms ; chemistry ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the feeling and experience of the nursing undergraduate students in the simulation training for the doctor-nurse cooperation emergency before their internship,in order to provide reference for making excellent teaching and practical plan of emergency nursing.Methods Using phenomenology method,the experience records of thirty-six nursing students were collected.The experience was recorded by Colaizzi method.Results Five themes were summarized by Colaizzi method:preliminary acquaintance of doctor-nurse cooperation; reflection on division of labor cooperation; scan self-ability; focus on interpersonal communication;comprehension of emergency characteristics.Conclusions Simulation training for doctor-nurse cooperation emergency can give nursing students' opportunity of cooperative learning; Simulation training for doctor-nurse cooperation emergency can arouse nursing students' interest of active learning; Simulation training for doctor-nurse cooperation emergency can develop nursing students'habit of reflective learning;Simulation training for doctor-nurse cooperation emergency can improve nursing students' ability of integrative learnng.

Objective To compare the blood glucose level and associated hypoglycemia risks between group of insulin glargine combined with repaglinide and group of mixed insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Methods Sixty four type 2 diabetes patients (age≥60 years) with inadequate glyeaemic control by drugs were divided into 2 groups randomly: glargine group (32 cases) and mixed insulin group (32 cases). In glargine group, 32 patients were given repaglinide before breakfast, lunch, supper respectively and injection of glargine hypodermically once at 22 o'clock every night, while the 32 patients in mixed insulin group were injected with the mixed insulin (Novolin 30R) hypodermically before breakfast and supper respectively for 16 weeks. The dose of repaglinide and insulin were adjusted every 3 days according to the level of fasting glucose (FPG)and postprandial glucose (PPG), reaching the aim of FPG less than 7.2 mmol/L and PPG less than 10mmol/L. The blood glucose level and the incidence of hypoglycemia were observed. Results The daily glucose profile and the level of HbAlc of the 2 groups dropped obviously after 16 weeks treatments (all P<0. 05). At the end of the experiment, the PPG of lunch and supper, and the level of HbAlc were markedly lower in glargine group than in mixed insulin group (all P<0. 05), and the body mass index (BMI) increased markedly in mixed insulin group compared with pre-experiment (P<0. 05), but no significant change was found in glargine group (P>0. 05). The incidence of hypoglycemia in glargine group was lower than that in mixed insulin group (2 patients in glargine group, 12 patients in mixed insulin group, P<0.05). Conclusions Both of the mixed insulin and glargine combined with repaglinide have visible effects on controlling the blood glucose, but the latter has better efficacy, lower risk of hypoglycemia and lower increase of BMI than the former.

Objective To study the clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology(csfc)and specific stain in tuberculous meningitis(TBM)-purulent meningitis(PM)and cryptococcal meningitis(CM).Methods The csfc data of 179 patients with TBM,PM and CM were retrospectively analyzed.The samples collected from all of these patients were analyzed by csfc May-Grunwald-Giemsa(MGG)staining,aricine blue staining and Indian ink staining. And the cytospin smears from 70 TBM were simultaneously stained by the immunofluorescence(IF)and immunocytological method to demonstrate the presence of mycobacterial antigen.Results ①TBM group showed a mixed-cell response.At the early stage of disease,the proportion of neutrophilic granulocyte reached 80%,and then reduced gradually.Lyumphoidocyte reaction was the most obvious in 1～2 months.The immunofluorescence(IF)and immunocytological method present a sensitivity of 82.9%and 85.7%,respectively.②Neutrophilic granulocyte was the most cell at acute stage of PM,and it descended quickly once treated with effective antibiotics.③The positive rates to detect CM with csfc MGG,aricine and Indian ink staining were 83.3%,81.8%,and 76.5%,respectively.Conclusion Dynamic observation on cerebrospinal fluid cytology is helpful to boost the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection.

Objective To assess the absorbance rate of the fat after the operation of breast augmentation of the repeated injection of low volume, using ultrasonic imaging method. Methods Thirty three patients were injected with low volume of autologous fat (50-60 ml per time) to bilateral breasts for 1-5 times and breast sonographic examination was performed to evaluate the grafted fat tissues. The thickness of the retromammary fat layer before and after each injection was measured to calculate the absorbance index. Results The 264 points of breast were measured in this study. The fat was distributed in the retro-mammary fat layers at 224 points of the breast and in the pectoralis major muscle layer at 32 points of the breast, and the others distributed in the mammary gland layer.The average thickness of the retromammary fat layer increased gradually from 0.2 cm before the first operation to 1. 0 cm after the fifth operation. The average absorbance index one month after each operation was 34 %-66 %. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that breast augmentation by repeated autologous fat graft with low volume injection at each time is applicable and satisfactory and that breast ultrasound is an accurate and simple method to e-valuate the absorbance index.