Objective To investigate the nursing knowledge of rural patients with rectal carcinoma after permanent colostomy.Methods Data were collected on 54 patients with rectal carcinoma after permanent colostomy using the self-designed questionnaire and analyzed by statistical methods.Results The rural patients with permanent colostomy showed low level of nursing knowledge.Scores of patients with different sexes and family income showed significant difference.Conclusions Medical security system and medical staff should provide with more welfare policy and specialty support for the patients in rural areas to promote their knowledge of self-care.

Objective To investigate the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)in renal tissues of crescent nephritis and its correlation with cell proliferation and pathologic tubulointerstitial lesion.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect IDO expression in renal tissues of crescent nephritis and normal renal tissues.The correlation between IDO expression and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)positive cells or pathologic tubulointerstitial lesion were analyzed.Results IDO expression was found in the renal tubular epithelial cells of crescent nephritis,while that in the normal renal tissues was negative by immunohistochemical staining.The expression of IDO protein in tubular epithelial cells showed a significantly negative correlation with the number of PCNA positive cells or tubulointerstitial lesion of crescent nephritis.Conclusion IDO may participate in the pathogenesis of crescent nephritis by inhibiting the cell proliferation.

Objective: To explore the contents of hypericin from different parts of Hypericum sampsonii. Methods : The hypericin in Hypericum sampsonii and H. Officinalis were measured by HPLC with Novapak C 18 column, mobile phase(methanol∶ethanol∶0.1mol?L -1 NaH 2SO 4=200∶300∶100), flow rate 1.0mol?L -1 , column temperature at 30 ?C , wavelength at 588nm. Results:Contents of H. Sampsonii in flower and flower itself were equal content to H. officinalis. Conclusion:It is possible to sift out the plant of H. Sampsonii with more Hypericin.

This paper introduced the necessity, background, principle, content, function of construction of teaching resource database of blood disease testing technology and its role played in teach-ing reform. Construction of teaching resource database made up for the insufficiency of blood disease test-ing technology in teaching time and resource, explored more scientific learning mode and teaching meth-ods and strengthened the cooperation between part-time teachers and professional teachers of blood dis-ease testing technology courses.

Objective To compare the outcomes of multifetal pregnancy reduced to twins with initial twin pregnancy.Methods This study included all patients who had high-order multiple pregnancies from August 2007 to September 2010 ( n =567 ) in outpatient or inpatient of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University.There were 478 initial twin pregnancys (non-reduced group ) and 89 multifetal pregnancy reduced to twins (reduced group).All fetal reduction procedures were performed after 12 weeks gestation.The maternal ages,gestational ages at delivery,pregnancy complications,birth weight of twins and neonatal outcomes were observed in all groups.Results ( 1 ) Average maternal ages and mean gestational ages at delivery:the average maternal ages were ( 29.7 ± 4.5) and (29.9 ± 5.0 ) years for the non-reduced and reduced groups,respectively,no statistical significance (P =0.755).The mean gestational ages at delivery in the nonreduced and reduced twins were (35.3 ± 3.9) and ( 34.4 ± 6.3 ) weeks,respectively ( P ＜ 0.01 ).( 2 ) Pregnancy complications:the rate of pre-eclampsia was 8.2％ ( 39/478 ) in the nonreduced group and 12.4％ (11/89) in the reduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.199 ).The rates of gestational diabetes mellitus were 1.7％ ( 8/478 ) and 3.4％ ( 3/89 ),respectively,no statistical significance ( P =0.287 ).( 3 ) Neonatal outcomes:① the frequencies of birth weight discordances ＞ 400 g were 28.9％ for the nonreduced group and 27.0％ for the reduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.715 ).The frequencies of birth weight discordances ＞ 100 g were 75.1％ for the nonreduced group and 75.3％ for the reduced group,no statistical significance (P =0.972).②The mean birth weight of the nonreduced twin group was significantly higher than that of the reduced group [ ( 2700 ± 468 ) g vs.( 2352 ± 602 ) g,respectively,P ＜ 0.0l ],there was statistical significance.The mean birth weight of gestational ages ＞ 36 +1 weeks at delivery of the nonreduced twin group was significantly higher than that of the reduced group [ (2809 ± 424) g vs.(2707 ± 506) g,respectively,P ＜0.01 ],there is statistical significance.③The rate of infant mortality( gestational ages ＞28 weeks at delivery) was 1.3％ ( 1/78 ) for the reduced group and 2.2％ ( 10/448 ) for the nonreduced group.The major morbidity rate was 3.8％ (3/78) for the reduced group and 4.0％ (18/448) for the nonreduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.588,0.943 ).Conclusions Multiple pregnancies after fetal reduction were still associated with a mild increased risk when compared to initial twin pregnancies and their abortion rate is high.The gestational ages of the reduced group were affected by the initial number of fetuses,and the birth weights of reduced twins were lower than that of the nonreduced twins.

Objective To summarize the clinical symptoms of patients with non-erosive reflux disease(NERD) and reflux esophagitis(RE),which is helpful to the differential diagnosis.Methods Outpatients who met the criteria of NERD or RE according to the Montreal definition in Gastroenterology Department Wuhan Union Hospital from 2010-2014 were enrolled in our study.Clinical data were comprehensively collected.Incidence of disease,severity,frequency of esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms,and the rates of overlapping with functional dyspepsia (FD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were all studied.Results Totally 446 subjects were recruited,including 225 patients with NERD and 221patients with RE.The occurrence rates of esophageal symptoms including heartburn [76.0％ (171/225) vs 52.0％ (115/221),P ＜ 0.01] and acid regurgitation [74.7％ (168/225) vs 54.3％ (120/221),P ＜0.05] in NERD group were significantly higher than those in RE patients,with more severe and frequent (P ＜ 0.05).Despite the rates of food regurgitation were similar,NERD patients behaved more severely and frequently (P ＜ 0.05).Extraesophageal symptoms including throat burning and foreign body sensation in NERD group [40.9％ (92/225) vs 27.6％ (61/221),42.2％ (95/225) vs 31.7％ (70/221),all P ＜0.05] were also higher than those in RE group,the degree of which was more severe too (P ＜ 0.05).RE patients claimed a higher proportion of chronic cough.The incidences of overlapping with IBS in two groups were similar.But there were more patients with FD in NERD group [72.0％ (162/225) vs 62.9％ (139/221),P ＜ 0.05] than in RE group.Conclusions The menifestations and degree of esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms in patients with NERD or RE are different,as well as comorbidities such as FD and IBS.These results suggest that NERD and RE are independent diseases.

Objective To study whether the contrast volume and radiation dose can be reduced by automated contrast injection system(ACIS) in coronary angiography compared with manual contrast injection system(MCIS).Methods 200 patients undergoing coronary angiography with transradial approach in the People′s Hospital of Liaoning Province were enrolled in the study from January 2016 to June 2016.They were divided into the ACIS group (n=100) and the MCIS group (n=100).The clinical data, the net amount of contrast the total amount of contrast media consumed, number of angiographic views performed, fluoroscopy time, air kerma (AK) and dose area product (DAP) of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results There were no statistical differences in the clinical data, the net amount of contrast used, number of angiographic views performed and fluoroscopy time between the two groups (all P>0.05).The total amount of contrast media used, AK, and DAP were less in the ACIS group than in the MCIS group (all P<0.05).Conclusions The volume of contrast consumption and radiation dose can be reduced by ACIS during coronary angiography with transradial approach compared to MCIS.

Objective To evaluate the risk clinic factors of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults,and to provide examples for its clinic application.Methods Sixty-four case patients who were admitted for a diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults in Beijing Haidian Hospital from January 2013 to July 2015 were selected as observation group.One hundred cases patients also admitted for a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia were selected as control group.Within 24 h of admission,the clinical data were collected,medical history were collected,and the serum biochemistry,coagulation index fibrin degradation product,D-dimer and inflammatory factor procalcitonin were detected.The data were analyzed by univariate analysis,and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the variables with significant difference in single factor analysis.Results Single factor analysis showed that the percentage of severe pneumonia with central nervous system disorders,severe pneumonia with aspiration,severe pneumonia with two or more comorbidities,aspiration and severe pneumonia with bedridden patient in observation group were obviously higher than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance((82.21％ (53/64) vs.32％(32/100),60.93％(39/64) vs.1％(1/100),(84.37％,54/64) vs.54％(54/100),90.62％(58/ 64) vs.28％ (28/100),59.37％ (38/64) vs.11％ (11/100);P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The mortality of observation group was higher than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance(56.62％ (36/64)] vs.3％ (3/100),P=0.001).Albumin of severe pneumonia was obviously lower than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((27.79 ±8.53) g/L vs.(33.66±9.63) g/L,P=0.011).Fibrin degradation product of severe pneumonia was obviously lower than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((i0.98 ± ± 1.32) ng/L vs.(3.61±0.98) ng/L,P=0.002).D-dimer of severe pneumonia was obviously higher than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((2.68± 0.56) mg/L vs.(0.42±0.12) mg/L,P=0.001).Procalcitonin of severe pneumonia was obviously higher than the control group,the difference between two groups have remarkable statistical significance ((1.63±0.32) ng/L vs.(0.13 ± ±0.21) ng/L,P =0.015).The result of multiple factors logistic regression analysis showed the aspiration,hypoproteinemia,D-dimer were severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults's independent risks (OR =1.782,1.208,1.356,P＜0.05).Conclusion Aspiration,hypoproteinemia,D-dimer are the factors of risking suffering severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.D-dimer could be the detection index of severe community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.

The clinical practice is a very important link for medical students to relate theory with practice and to be trained comprehensively.Stomatology is an applied science,so clinical practice is more outstanding and important during the stomatological education.This thesis discusses how to improve stomatological students' comprehensive skill in the clinical practice.