Limited Price Charge for Single Disease means that hospitals limit price for the patient who has only single disease in the diagnosis and treats process. The charge includes the process from the time when he had been diagnosed and been in hospital to the time when he had been charmed off. Limited Price Charge for Single Disease could solve many ethical problems which exist in current medicine realm, so it means too much in Medical Ethics, and it gives Hospital Administration and Health Care Administration new inspiration.

Objective To explore the effect of butylphthalide on the prognosis of massive cerebral infarction patients.Methods We studied 92 massive cerebral infarction patients hospitalized in the Neurology department of harrison international peace hospital from February 2011 to December 2013 as the researchers.According to the treatment of patients,patients were randomly divided into control group (n=46)and treatment group(n=46),control group was given edaravone.Treatment group was given butylphthalide capsule and edaravone.Two groups were all given 2 weeks treatment continuously.Improvement of symptoms is evaluated by the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS).The effect of butylphthalide on collateral circulation in ischemic infarction area was evaluated by the standards of collateral vessels grading of susceptibility-weighted imaging(SWI)imaging sequence. Results The symptoms and signs of two groups were improved in a certain extent,but the improvement of patients in treatment group was significantly greater than control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 ).Degree of NIHSS of treatment group was lower than control group,the difference was also statistically significant (P<0.05).The SWI collateral vessels grading of the two groups were all improved,and the cases of treatment group was higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 ).The two groups have no obvious adverse reaction.Conclusion Butylphthalide have good effect on massive cerebral infarction.It can effectively improve the nerve function defect,and promote the reconstruction of collateral circulation in ischemic infarction area.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP) with the aim to raise awareness of AIP.Methods Clinical data of 32 patients with AIP were retrospectively analyzed,including clinical manifestations,imaging features,laboratory examination,histopathology and treatment from November 2009 to April 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Zhejiang University.Results All 32 AIP patients including 25 males and 7 females had a median age of (62.5 ± 12.6) years (27-84 years).The initial symptoms included obstructive jaundice in 50.0％patients (16/32),abdominal pain in 43.8％ (14/32),fatigue and weight loss in 12.5％ (4/32),and bloody stool in 6.3％ (2/32).Laboratory findings revealed abnormal liver function in 6.3％ (2/32)patients,increased immunoglobulins in 71.9％ (23/32)patients and elevated IgG4 in 8/10 patients.Computerized tomography(CT) scan and ultrasonography were performed in all patients.Diffusely enlarged pancreas were found in 62.5％ (20/32) patients and focally enlarged in 37.5％ (12/32),additionally main pancreatic duct stenosis in 62.5％ (20/32) patients.Nineteen patients obtained histopathological examination,indicating pancreatic interstitial fibrosis,and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells.Conclusions Autoimmune pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease which may be misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer.The clinical features,laboratory findings,imaging characteristics,and typical histopathologic presentation,as well as good response to glucocorticoids provide supportive evidence for the diagnosis of AIP.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of susceptibility-weighted imaging(SWI) in the early diagnosis of massive cerebral infarction with hemorrhage and analysis of collateral circulation.Methods Fifty patients with massive cerebral infarction underwent MRI (T1WI,T2WI,DWI,MRA and SWI) scan in acute stage and decubation respectively in Hanrison International Peace Hospital from January 2012 to January 2014.Analysis T1WI,T2WI,DWI,MRA and SWI differences in the delection of cerebral infarction with hemorrhage and analysis of Collateral circulation.Record the magnetic resonance angiography hemorrhagic transformation and display the ischemic area of collateral circulation in the detection of cerebral infarction remodeling differences.Results (1)SWI detected out 18 cases of cerebral infarction with hemorrhage (36％),including 14 cases of hemorrhagic infarction(HI) type(28％),4 cases of parenchymal hemorrhage(PH) type 8％).MRI detected 11 cases of cerebral infarction with hemorrhage (22％),including 7 cases of HI type 14％),4 cases of PH type (8％).SWI detected 106 focuses,the detection rate was 100％,MRI detected only 26,and the detection rate was 32.51％,and the missing mainly for micro hemorrhage.There was statistical significance between the groups(x2 =21.045,P＜0.05).(2) SWI can display the condition of micrangium in the area of cerebral infarction clearly.The number of micrangium decreased or disappeared in acute stage,but the micrangium increased in decubation.The ratio of capillary vessels increased to 66％.MRA detected 82％ of criminal vessel in patients with cerebral infarction.Conclusion SWI is more sensitive than conventional MR in the early diagnosis of massive cerebral infarction with hemorrhage.MRA combined with SWI could not only detect the criminal vessel of cerebral infarction area,but also monitor the reconstruction of collateral circulation in the infarction region,and there will be extremely valuable to the treatment massive cerebral infarction and evaluation of prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Primary progressive aphasia is a degenerative disease of nervous system clinically characterized by the progressive decrease of speech ability and the relatively reserved memory. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of speech dysfunction and the clinical features of primary progressive aphasia we by reported onel patient with primary progressive aphasia. DESIGN: A case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences. PARTICIPANT: One male patient of 56 years old with primary progressive aphasia was selected from the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital in March 2004, he had got education in senior middle school. The patient had been unable to tell the names of daily living objects at the beginning of 2001. Not only his ability of listening comprehension had gradually declined, but his characters had gradually changed except that his memory had not been affected obviously since 2003. Although he was able in self-care now, he could not normally work. METHODS: ① The spoken fluent types of the patient were evaluated with the standards for the fluency of spoken language in Aphasia battery of Chinese. Western battery aphasia was used to assess the type of aphasia of the patient. Boston diagnostic aphasia examination severity grading standard was applied to grade the severity of aphasia. ② The cognitive psychological tests of visual character-figure matching, denomination for figures and oral reading were used to judge whether the patient had verb-noun dissociation. ③The memory of the patient was assessed with clinical memory scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① spoken fluency, the type and grade of aphasia; ② condition of verb-noun dissociation for the patient; ③ memory of the patient. RESULTS: ① Examination of aphasia: The patient presented the spontaneous talking that named the fluent type, there were wrong meanings in his talks so that he was diagnosed as sensory aphasia. The severity of aphasia was separated into grade 3 levels. ② Cognitive psychological test: The correct rates of verbs and nouns in the test of denomination for figures were 15% and 53% respectively, and there was obvious difference (t=0.231, P ＜ 0.05). ③ Clinical memory scale: The memory quotient was 111,and the clinical memory grade was higher than normal. CONCLUSION: The most outstanding clinical characteristics of patients with primary progressive aphasia is speech dysfunction, and there is verb specific injury.

We use PBL teaching mode in experimental teaching of clinical hematologic laboratory.By this method,the knowledge can be mastered by the students more efficiently and the analyzing ability was also improved.We hope that these experiences can be useful in our country's clinical laboratory teaching.

Aim To study the role and mechanism of opioid receptor on IL-1?-induced fever.Methods Rats were dealed with intracerebreventricular administration of naloxone and/or IL-1?.Changes in body temperature were measured.The content of cAMP and HSP70 expression in hypothalamus were detected.Results Naloxone can limit IL-1?-induced fever and decrease the content of cAMP and HSP70 expression in hypothalamus(P

Objective:To compare the effectiveness and safety of Dengzhanhuasu and Danshen Injection in the treatment of the patients with angina pectoris of coronary heart disease with Meta-analysis, and to provide basis for their application in clinic.Methods:Computer search was performed using Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial,Ovid-medline,EMBASE,PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM,and the literatures about the effectiveness and safety of Dengzhanhuasu and Dansheng Injection in the treatment of the patients with angina pectonis of coronary heart disease were obtained.According to the principle of selection and elimination, the literatures were selected, and the qualities of literatures were evaluated.The related data were extracted from the literatures.RevMan 5.3 software was used to extract the data for Meta-analysis.Results:A total of 167 literatures were retrieved, and 8 randomlized-controlled studies were selected according to the selection criteria.The evaluation results of the effectiveness of angina pectoris according to symptom showed that χ2=2.62,df=7,P=0.92,Z=6.85 (P<0.000 01), 95%CI:2.73-6.10. The evaluation of the effectiveness of angina pectoris according to electrocardiogram,χ2=6.37,df=7,P=0.50,Z=6.37(P=0.000 01),95%CI:1.94-3.49.The results of Meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in the relief of symptoms and improvement of the electrocardiogram efficacy between Dengzhanhuasu and Danshen Injection in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease (P<0.05).Conclusion:Dengzhanhuasu has better effectiveness in the treatment of the patients with unstable angina than Dansheng Injection and they have the same safety.

Objective:To explore the expression of IL-22 in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis,and to define the clinical sig-nificance of IL-22 cells for RA. Methods: A total of 50 RA patients, 15 OA patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. The proportion of Th22 cells in peripheral blood and synovial fluid( SF) of RA patients was detected by flow cytometry;the levels of IL-22 in serum and synovial fluid of RA patients were detected by ELISA. The clinical parameters of disease activity were assessed including ESR,RF,CRP,DAS28,anti CCP and the degree of bone erosions determined by X-rays. Pearson correlation analysis,t test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The proportion of Th22 cells in RA patients was higher than that of OA patients (t=2. 290 ,P=0. 021) and healthy controls(t=2. 524,P=0. 015). IL-22 levels in RA patients were higher than that of OA patients (t=2. 560,P=0. 014) and healthy controls(t=2. 768,P=0. 009). IL-22 in the RF positive group were higher than that of RF negative group(t=2. 322,P=0. 035). IL-22 in the anti-CCP antibody positive group were higher than that of anti-CCP antibody negative group (t=2. 504,P=0. 015). The levels of IL-22 were correlated positively with ESR,RF,DAS28(r=0. 312,0. 314,0. 332,P<0. 05). The levels of IL-22 were increased gradually along with the aggravation of bone erosions. There were statistical significant difference among different X-ray stagings(H=9. 14,χ20.05(3)=7. 81,H> χ20.05(3),P<0. 05). Serum IL-22 levels in the RA patients with joint effusion were higher than that of without(t=2. 587,P=0. 012). The levels of IL-22 in SF were higher than that in serum(t=2. 668,P=0. 011),and had no correlation with the proportion of Th22 cells in SF. Conclusion: The expression of IL-22 in serum and joint effusion of RA patients increase. The level of IL-22 may be useful marker for assessment of disease activity and finding of bone erosions. Therapeutic targeting of IL-22 may be valuable for the intervention of RA.

Objective To explore clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors in patients with community ac-quired pneumonia(CAP)complicated with acute kidney injury(AKI).Methods In total, 456 CAP patients were included based on the diagnostic guide.According to whether the patients were accompanied with AKI,the patients were divided in-to two groups(non-AKI group and AKI group). AKI group were further divided into risk group, injury group and failure group by RIFLE criteria using admission creatinine.Severity in CAP patients,clinical indexes and prognostic evaluation in-dexes were compared between different groups. Multiple factors were analyzed using Logistic regression model,survival analysis were examined by Kaplan-Meier, which analyzed the risk factors of poor prognosis in CAP patients and the role of RIFLE criteria in prognostic evaluation. Results Thirty percent(135)of the total 456 CAP patients were accompanied with AKI. Patients in AKI group were further divided into risked group (45.2%, 61 patients), injury group (17%, 23 pa-tients) and failure group (37.8%, 51 patients) according to the RIFLE diagnostic criteria using basal creatinine level. Among the 300 patients with PSI gradeⅠtoⅢ,23.3%(70)of patients developed AKI while among 156 patients who are with PSI gradeⅣor over, 65 patients (41.7%) developed AKI(P<0.01).The 30-day mortality of CAP patients accompanied with AKI were increased compared to Non-AKI group(Non-AKI:6.2%;Risk:14.8%;Injury:21.7%;Failure:45.1%).With de-teriorating in RIFLE criteria,the portion of patients who required mechanical ventilation, inotropic support(MV/IS)and re-nal replacement therapy(RRT)increased too. Logistic analysis revealed that AKI,age of 75 years or older and extra-renal or-gan failure were the risk factors of poor prognosis in patients with CAP. The rate of survivors was decreased in the CAP pa-tients accompanied with AKI compared with those who did not.Conclusion There is certain incidence of AKI to compli-cate CAP patients who will have a poor prognosis.RIFLE diagnostic criteria is a valuable tool to evaluate prognosis of CAP patients complicated with AKI.