Objective To investigate the consistent long-term clinical efficacy of the procedure for prolapsed hemorrhoids (PPH) treatment for hemorrhoids.Methods Data of 87 patients with third-and fourth-degree hemorrhoids treated by surgical procedure for prolapsed hemorrhoids were collected.In all cases,third-degree hemorrhoids in 65 cases,fourth-degree hemorrhoids in 22 cases,median followed up after PPH was (3.8 ± 0.5) years.The long-term efficacy and the occurrence of complications were followed up to assess the effect of surgical procedure for prolapsed hemorrhoids.Results In patients with third-degree hemorrhoids,bleeding recurred in 2 cases (3.1％) for again bleeding,for anal bulge in 4 cases (6.2％).In patients with fourth-degree hemorrhoids,prolapse recurred in 2 cases (9.1％) for bleeding in 5 cases (22.7％).anal bulge 3 patients (13.6％),defecation difficult in one case (4.5％),one-degree of fecal incontinence in 1 case (4.5％),no other complications found,such as anal pain,anal stenosis,foreign body discomfort and fecal urgency.The chi-square test for comparison analysis suggested that:third-degree hemorrhoids postoperative prolapse and bleeding recurrence rate was significantly lower than fourth-degree hemorrhoids.Conclusions Procedure for prolapsed hemorrhoids treatment for hemorrhoids is safe and feasible,has small trauma,little pain,and definite efficacy,fewer complications,shorter hospital stay,lower reoperation rate,etc.But the long-term efficacy for third-degree hemorrhoids is superior to the fourth-degree hemorrhoids.

Objective To observe the ability of inactivating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in whole blood by visible light combination with methylene blue (MB) at different concentrations. Methods HIV-1 was used as the test virus. The contaminated blood was treated by MB, visible light (640 nm), combined with MB and visible light (640 nm). The test of MT4 cell infection was used to evaluate the virus inactivation efficacy. Results After being treated by MB at the concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 ?mol/L, and then irradiated respectively by visible light (40 000 Lux, 640 nm) for 30, 20, and 10 min, all the added indicated virus at the titer of 10 5.78 TCID 50 of HIV-1 could be inactivated absolutely. Conclusion Methylene blue photochemical method can inactivate HIV-1 in blood effectively.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) in the kidney tissues of diabetic rats and the effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the renal CD26 expression.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group (NC group,n=7),diabetic model group (DM group,n=7) and MMF-treated group (MMF group,n=7).Wistar rats were fed with high-sucrose-high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin into abdominal cavity to induce diabetes.Sixteen weeks later,blood glucose (BG),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),renal hypertrophy index (kidney weight]body weight) and 24 hour urinary protein (24Upro) were measured.The number of CD37CD4+ T cells in renal tissues were measured through flow cytometry.The expression of CD26 in kidney was examined by using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with NC group,BG,BUN,Scr,kidney weight/body weight,24Upro were significantly increased in DM group (P ＜ 0.05).Except BG and kidney weight] body weight,the above-mentioned parameters were lower in MMF group compared with that in DM group (P ＜ 0.05).Intrarenal CD37CD4+ T cells were significantly up-regulated in DM group compared with that in NC group (P ＜ 0.01).CD26 in renal tissue was mainly expressed in T lymphocytes of renal interstitium.CD26 expression in DM group was significantly higher than that in NC group,and also higher than that in MMF group (P ＜ 0.05).In DM group,CD26+ T lymphocytes infiltration of renal interstitium was positively correlated with 24Upro (r2=0.770,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CD26 is related with diabetic nephropathy.MMF maybe inhibit T lymphocytes infiltration to reduce the expression of CD26 in renal interstitium,thus protecting the kidney function.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Yishen Huayu Decoction for decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). Methods Eighty cases of DOR were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 40 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with oral administration of Yishen Huayu Decotion, one dose a day. The control group was given DHEA, a time of 1 tablet, 3 times a day. 2 groups were observed for 3 menstrual cycles. The levels of basic follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH), basal estradiol (bE2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were measured. The number of basal follicles and the peak systolic velocity (PSV) were monitored by transvaginal sonography. Quality of life assessment and basal body temperature were measured. Results The total effective rate was 85.00% (34/40) in the treatment group and 62.50% (25/40) in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of bE2 and bFSH decreased, and the levels of AMH, ovarian antral follicles and PSV increased, which were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of bE2 and bFSH in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, and the levels of AMH, ovarian antral follicle and PSV were higher than those in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The recovery rate of basal body temperature was 77.50%(31/40) in the treatment group and 52.50%(21/40) in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). After treatment, the scores of four dimensions of life quality, daily activities, health status and self-perception were significantly improved (P<0.01), and the treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.01). Conclution Yishen Huayu Decotion can improve the ovarian reserve function and the life quality of patients with DOR.

Objective To analysis the genomic sequence of a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*3818 allele.Methods Full length genomic sequence of an unknown HLA-B allele was cloned,followed by bi-directional sequencing and the specificity of the antigen coded by this novel allele was defined by microcytotoxicity assay.The frequency and haplotype of this novel allele was acquired by population census and parentage analysis.Results The full length genomic sequence of this novel HLA-B*3818 allele with accession number FJ561482 differs from HLA-B*380201 by two nucleotide changes in exon 4 and intron 5,respectively.One change is located at nt 660 in exon 4 where C→A alternation,which results in an amino acid substitution from Asp(GAC)to Glu(GAA)at codon 196.This alternation is a new single nucleotide polymorphism compared with all other HLA-B alleles.Another is located at genomic position 2133 in intron 5(A→C).Except for this substitution,the intron sequences of HLA-B*3818 allele are identical to those of other HLA-B*38 alleles including HLA-B*380101,B*380201 and B*3814.The serological specificity of HLA-B*3818 is B38 and the frequency of this new allele is less than 0.000 5 in Chinese Han population.The parentage analysis showed the haplotype of novel allele is A*030101-Cw*010201-B*3818-DRB1*1312-DOB1*060101.Conclusion The simultaneous mutations in exon and intron were found in the Hovel HLA-B*3818 allele,and so it can present more sequence information for studies and applications associated with HIA genes by analyzing the genomic sequences of novel HLA alleles.

The Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH) as the world's largest and most authori-tative Medical Simulation Education Association, accept the application for certification in 4 fields, includ-ing assessment, research, education and system integration. This paper introduces the core standards that need to be followed in applying for certification, and the respective standards of the above 4 fields. Further-more, in order to promote the development of medical simulation education in China, this paper points out the possible problems that may be faced in the future.

Objective To establish the polymorphism of DXS102 locus from Xq26.3-27.1 in Chinese population for the gene diagnosis in Hemophilia B family.Methods DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from Shanghai unrelated volunteer donors with phenol-chloroform method. A total of 23 × chromosomes (154 from females, 80 from males) were studied. A hemophilia B family in which a hemophilia B patient has received gene therapy was analyzed. The polymorphism of DXS102 locus in Chinese population was determined with amplified fragment length polymorphisms assay (Amp-FLP), denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver stain detection. Short tandem repeats (STRs) linkage analysis was used to conduct gene diagnosis in hemophilia B family.Results Eight alleles were found at DXS102 locus, of which two alleles were first reported. The repeated number of AC dinucleotide ranges from 13 to 21. And the values of the observed heterozygosity, calculated heterozygosity and polymorphism information content(PIC) were 0.87, 0.80, 0.80 respectively. It was also found that the difference of the allele frequencies of DXS102 in Chinese and European populations was significant. By using the linkage analysis of the DXS102 locus, a family with a hemophilia B patient receiving gene therapy in 1994 was analyzed and meanwhile a carrier in that family was then detected.Conclusions The polymorphism of DXS102 locus reveals significant difference between Chinese and European populations. DXS102 locus can be used as a promising marker for gene diagnosis in hemophilia B family.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.

Medical education is the cornerstone of the development of health care.In the context of advance-ments in New Medical Science,the Second Hospital of Jilin University took the reform of the school's clinical medi-cal education system as an opportunity to strengthen the teaching quality assurance capabilities,focus on improving teachers'teaching capabilities,and pay attention to the quality of student training,thus comprehensively building a new pattern of innovative development of medical education.It was also proposed that university-affiliated hospitals should focus on the overall national strategic plan for medical education development and deepen medical education reform,use artificial intelligence to lead the innovative development of medical education,and use the construction of new-era textbooks as the carrier of medical education innovation to promote deeper reforms in medical education.