Objective:To prepare pioglitazone hydrochloride ( PGH) sustained-release pellet capsules and study the in vitro disso-lution. Methods:The preparation was prepared with a bottom spray fluidized bed, and the formula and technology were optimized by orthogonal test. Results:The method was simple and easy to operate, the reproducibility of the formula and technology was good, and the pellets had obvious sustained-release property. Conclusion:The formula and technology are easy and controllable, and the stability of sustained release pellets is good.

Objective]To study Professor Wang Kungen's therapeutic principles in treating functional dyspepsia by data mining therapy. [Method]First, establish Wang Kungen's medical records database;then do data standardization and data mining.[Result]There are total y 408 cases that meet the demand. Postprandial distress syndrome is the major subtype of senile group while epigastric pain syndrome is the major subtype of non senile group. The major patterns of syndrome of FD in Professor Wang Kungen's medical records are as fol ows: liver qi attacking the stomach, deficiency and stagnation of spleen Qi, disharmony of stomach qi, stagnation of qi and accumulation of dampness, phlegm-heat harassing the inner body. The major prescriptions are as fol ows:ErChen Decoction, ZuoJin Pil s, SiJunZi Decoction, SiNi Powder, LiuJunZi Decoction, XiangSu Decoction, WenDan Decoction. There is close correlation between prescriptions and patterns as fol ows:liver qi attacking the stomach and SiNi Powder, ZuoJin Pil s;stagnation of qi and accumulation of dampness and ErChen Decoction,PingWei powder;phlegm-heat harassing the inner body and WenDan Decoction, ErChen Decoction; There is close correlation between herbs as fol ows: Processed Rhizoma Pinel iae and Tangerine Peel, Processed Rhizoma Pinel iae and Poria cocos; Rhizoma Coptidis and Processed Evodia rutaecarpa; Fructus Aurantii and Processed Mangnolia officinalis; Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba; Poria cocos and Atractylodes;Tangerine Peel and Caulis Peril ae; Poria cocos and Codonopsis pilosula; Radix Bupleuri and Curcuma aromatica. [Conclusion]The incidence and subtype of FD between female group and male group is different. Professor Wang Kungen's therapeutic principles in treating FD are clearing liver and adjusting stomach, soothing liver-qi stagnation,harmonizing stomach and lowering adverse qi, promoting the circulation of qi and resolving dampness and clearing phlegm heat.

Objective To study the impact of prehypertension on carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation in a mid-dle-aged and elderly population. Methods We studied nine hundred and forty-two residents in a community of Guang-zhou,China by questionnaires,physical examinations,blood chemistry tests and bilateral carotid ultrasonography.Differ-ences of plaque formation were compared among the three populations of normotension(NT),prehypertension(Pre-HT)and hypertension(HT),which were stratified by the JNC-7 classification of blood pressure.Results Pre-HT and HT were associated with the risk factors such as older age,male gender,dyslipidemia,obesity and smoking.Adjusting for relevant risk factors,carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation rate in the Pre-HT was as 2.37 times as that of NT(95%CI:1.42～3.95,P<0.01),difference of plaque formation rate between Pre-HT and HT was not significant(P>0.05).Echolucent plaques were more prevalent in Pre-HT population than in HT population.Conclusions Prehypertension is associated with high risk of carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation and carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation are common among patients with the prehypertension in a middle-aged and elderly population.

Objective To detect the PTEN gene mutation and loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on chromosome 10q in oligodendrogliomas. Methods The entire PTEN coding sequence of the 9 exons were screened by 9 different PCR reactions and followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and direct sequencing for detecte mutation.Microsatellite markers with fluorochrome on 10?q amplified by PCR were used to detecte LOH by PAGE on an automatic sequencer and analyzed with the Gene Scan program in 55 oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligodendrogliomas. Results The PTEN gene somatic mutations were detected in 2 tumors,one case that carried a PTEN mutation deletion T base in position 20 resulting stop codon moved to 347.Another case was a A to C transition at the codon 139 resulting in changeing from Leu to Phe.Twenty\|three of 55(42%) cases were observed the loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on chromosome 10?q.Fifteen of 55 cases allelic loss were detected on loci D10S 541 which located in the PTEN gene region at 10?q 23\^3 .Twelve of 55 cases were detected totaled LOH on 10?q.Conclusion\ The PTEN gene mutation is rare,loss of allelic 10?q is frequente in oligodendrogliomas,especially in high\|grade oligodendrogliomas.It could indicate that LOH on 10?q has an enhance effect in tumor progression,and chromosome 10?q harbors additional tumor suppressor genes in oligodendrogliomas.\;[

ween WHO histological subtype and Masaoka clinical stage, and their combination is valuable for guiding postoperative treatment in thymoma.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and treatment-related toxicity of stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)in patients with medically inoperable stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods SBRT was applied to 30 patients, including clinically staged T1 ,T2(≤5cm)or T3(chest wall primary tumors only), N0, M0 ,biopsy-confirmed NSCLC. All patients were precluded from lobotomy because of physical condition or comorbidity. No patients developed tumors of any T-stage in the proximal zone. SBRT was performed with the total dose of 50 Gy to 70 Gy in 10 - 11 fractions during 12 - 15 days. prescription line was set onthe edge of the PTV. Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The number of patients who completed the 1-, and 2-year follow-up were 15, and 10, respectively. All 30 patients completed therapy as planned. The complete response(CR), partial response(PR)and stable disease(SD)rates were 37%, 53% and 3%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 16 months(range,4-36 months), Kaplan-Meier local control at 2 years was 94%. The 2-year overall survival was 84% and the 2-year cancer specific survival was 90%. Seven patients(23%)developed Grade 2 pneumonitis, no grade ＞ 2 acute or late lung toxicity was observed. No one developed chest wall pain. Conclusions It is feasible to deliver 50 Gy to 70 Gy of SBRT in 10 - 11 fractions for medically inoperable patients with stage Ⅰ / Ⅱ NSCLC. It was associated with low incidence of toxicities and provided sustained local tumor control.The preliminary investigation indicated the cancer specific survival probability of SBRT was high. It is necessary to perform similar investigation in a larger number of patients with long-term follow-up.

AIM:To observe the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation in microglia BV-2 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation ( OGDR) , and its effects on neuronal apoptosis.METHODS:The BV-2 cell super-natants were collected after the corresponding treatment and added to mouse primary cortical neurons after OGDR for 4 h, followed by normal culture for 24 h.The cells were divided into normal BV-2 group, NC-siRNA group, TLR9-siRNA group, OGDR group, OGDR+NC-siRNA group, OGDR+TLR9-siRNA group and control group (without adding BV-2 cell supernatant) .The changes of the neuronal morphology were observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope, and the neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.The protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 was detected by Western blot-ting.RESULTS:After OGDR, the axon turned thin, twisted and broken, and neuronal swelling, decrease in refraction and vacuolar degeneration were observed.The green-stained apoptotic bodies in the neurons in all groups were positive. Compared with control group, the caspase-3 protein levels in other groups were increased.Compared with the normal BV-2 group, the caspase-3 protein in OGDR group and TLR9-siRNA group was increased.Compared with OGDR+TLR9-siRNA group, the caspase-3 protein in TLR9-siRNA group and OGDR group was decreased.CONCLUSION: After OGDR, TLR9 activation in BV-2 cells induces neuronal apoptosis with the increase in caspase-3 protein level.Inhibition of TLR9 expression reduces neuronal damage.

BACKGROUNDTo study the association between psychosocial factors and the development of lung cancer.

METHODSCase-control matched study was employed in the study. A standardized life event, social support and defense mechanisms interview was administered respectively. Total 118 lung cancer patients who were diagnosed pathologically were chosen as case group, and 118 matched healthy people were as control group. The pair had the same gender, the same race, and the same occupation, and lived in the same area, and the age difference between the two groups was ±3 years.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis showed that smoking, defect of sleeping, alcohol consuming, smoking and drinking during meal, preserved food consuming, irregularity of life increased the risk of lung cancer development (P < 0.05). The scores of life events, social support had no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05), but the scores of stress life events was higher in cancer group than that in control group. The immature factors of defense mechanisms in cancer group were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). Multiple qualified logistic regression showed that smoking and defect of sleeping were the main risk factors of lung cancer genesis.

CONCLUSIONSThere is certain association between psychosocial factors and lung cancer development. The immature defensive factor is the psychosocial factor of lung cancer genesis, and smoking, defect of sleeping, alcohol consuming, smoking and drinking during meal, preserved food consuming, irregularity of life are the risk factors of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their clinical significance. Methods Peripheral blood and brain tissue samples were obtained from 60 TBI patients. According to the GCS score, 60 TBI patients were divided into the moderate damage group, the severe damage group and the especially severe damage group. According to the different time points after the injury, the patients were divided into <6 hours group, 6-24 hours group, 24-72 hours group and >72 hours group. The 60 control brain tissue samples were obtained from patients with cerebral aneurysms and undergoing craniotomy at the same time; and control peripheral blood were collected from 60 healthy people. The levels of HIF-1α were measured with RT-PCR and Western blot . One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to analyze the results with SPSS 18.0. Results The expression of HIF-1α in the control group [peripheral blood: HIF-1α mRNA (0.35±0.12), HIF-1α protein (0.28±0.06) ;brain tissue: HIF-1α mRNA (0.65±0.08),HIF-1α protein (0.78±0.08)] was obviously lower than those in the TBI groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Along with the damage degree aggravating, the expression of HIF-1α was increased. The expression of HIF-1α in the especially severe damage group was statistically higher than those of the severe damage group and the moderate damage group (P<0.05). The expression of HIF-1α was increased along with the extension of time after the injury. The expression of HIF-1α in the 24-72 h group was significantly higher than those of the >72 h group, 6-24 h group and <6 h group (P<0.05). Conclusions The expression of HIF-1α is closely related to the severity of TBI and may play an important role in the progress of TBI.

Objective To investigate the effect of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on changes of toll-like receptor (TLR) signal pathway in BV2 microglial cells caused by radiation.Methods Human MSCs and BV2 microglial cells were cultured routinely.The experiment included four groups (un-irradiated BV2 control group,un-irradiated BV2 plus MSCs treatment group,irradiated BV2 group,irradiated BV2 plus MSCs treatment group).A single dose of 10 Gy was given to BV2 cells.BV-2 and MSCs co-culture experiments were performed through Transwell co-culture system with MSCs (105 per upper insert) and BV2 (2×105 per lower well).Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied for investigating the mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,TLR2 and TLR4.ELISA kits were used to measure the protein expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α.Results The qRT-PCR showed that the IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expressions in the irradiated BV2 group were significantly increased as compared with those in the un-irradiated BV2 control group (P＜0.05);the IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expressions in the irradiated BV2 group were significantly increased as compared with those in the irradiated BV2 plus MSCs treatment group (P＜0.05);ELISA indicated similar results.The qRT-PCR results suggested that MSCs could decrease the TLR4 and TLR2 mRNA expressions in the irradiated BV2 cells.Conclusion MSCs can mitigate the inflammatory response in microglial cells induced by radiation through modulating the related factors in TLR signal pathway.