This year an outbreak of influenza in Mexico comes from a new epidemic of influenza viruses:A/H1N1 influenza virus.This virus is a kind of virus mixture,including human,avian and swine influenza virus gene fragments.The pathogenic mechanism of avian,swine and human influenza virus in its natural host were compared.The main purpose is to assess the risk of which pigs and poultry has the possibility to become one of zoonotic disease and to assess the possible role in process of avian flu transmission from pigs to people.As zoonotic disease,avian influenza and swine influenza virus have the key role in the process of human infection.But the influenza virus spread of crossing species barrier is not sufficient to cause a large outbreak of human influenza.Animal influenza viruses must have a significant genetic variation before they could live for a long term in the crowd.

Objective To detect the PTEN gene mutation and loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on chromosome 10q in oligodendrogliomas. Methods The entire PTEN coding sequence of the 9 exons were screened by 9 different PCR reactions and followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and direct sequencing for detecte mutation.Microsatellite markers with fluorochrome on 10?q amplified by PCR were used to detecte LOH by PAGE on an automatic sequencer and analyzed with the Gene Scan program in 55 oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligodendrogliomas. Results The PTEN gene somatic mutations were detected in 2 tumors,one case that carried a PTEN mutation deletion T base in position 20 resulting stop codon moved to 347.Another case was a A to C transition at the codon 139 resulting in changeing from Leu to Phe.Twenty\|three of 55(42%) cases were observed the loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on chromosome 10?q.Fifteen of 55 cases allelic loss were detected on loci D10S 541 which located in the PTEN gene region at 10?q 23\^3 .Twelve of 55 cases were detected totaled LOH on 10?q.Conclusion\ The PTEN gene mutation is rare,loss of allelic 10?q is frequente in oligodendrogliomas,especially in high\|grade oligodendrogliomas.It could indicate that LOH on 10?q has an enhance effect in tumor progression,and chromosome 10?q harbors additional tumor suppressor genes in oligodendrogliomas.\;[

Objective:To construct an eukaryotic expressing vector pCR3 1 15 containing CP15 gene of Crypstosporidium parvum(C.parvum) and express it in Hela cells Methods:CP15 gene of C parvum was obtained from pMD18 T 15 disgested by BglⅡ and was inserted into eukaryotic expressing vector pCR3 1(+) in BamHⅠ site,and then Hela cells were transfected with recombinant by liposomes The transcription and expressed products of CP15 in the transfected Hela cells were assayed by RT PCR,ELISA and indiret immunofluorescence assay after screening with G418 Results:It showed that pCR3 1 15 was constructed successfully CP15 gene was transcripted in transfectants and CP15 protein with obvious biological activity was highly expressed in Hela cells Conclusion:CP15 gene in recombinant vector is proved to be expressed in Hela cells and obvious biological activity of expression production in transfected cells was detected

AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid liposomes in rats.METHODS: Oleanolic acid liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection-sonication;The pharmaceutical properties including morphology,encapsulation efficiency,particle size,zeta potential were determined.Rats were injected with oleanolic acid lipo-somes and oleanolic acid solution via the tail,respectively.The plasma concentrations of sample in rats were assayed by RP-HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were computered by 3P97 program package.RESULTS: Oleanolic acid liposomes showed almost spherical,the mean diametre was(206.4 ? 4.7) nm.The encapsulation efficiency of oleanolic acid liposomes could be more than 90% based on orthogonal design,and no haemolyticus existed.The plasma concentration-time curves of the oleanolic acid liposomes conformed to a two-compartment model.T1/2? of oleanolic acid liposomes was(33.59 ? 12.53) min,AUC was(240.13 ? 23.62)(?g/mL.min),obviously higher than that of the control preparation.CONCLUSION: The oleanolic acid liposomes with high entrapment efficiency and even size has a good pharmacokinetic parameters by comparison with non-liposomes.

To investigate the protection effect of DNA vaccine in mammalian and avian systems, the DNA vaccine was inoculated in both BALB/c mice and SPF chickens immunized with DNA vaccines encoding hemagglutinin (HA) from A/Goose/GuangDong/1/96 (H5N1) virus. The mice and chickens were immunized twice, 3 weeks apart, by electroporation into muscles or intramuscular injection. Two weeks after the second immunization, the mice and chickens were challenged with a lethal dose of homologous virus. The mice and chickens immunized by electroporation obtained completely protection against the virus, and could effectively inhibited viruses to replicating in mouse lung and chicken cloaca. At the same time, these protections were companied by high levels specific antibody to H5N1 AIV, while the blank plasmid controls experience 100 percent mortality following challenge. Furthermore, in the experiment of mice by eletroporation,stronger obviously CTL activity were observed after challenge. Thus, the cellular immune responses of the mice immunized by electroporation were exhibited. These results strongly demonstrate that HA DNA vaccines provide effective protection against influenza virus infection in mammalian and avian, and suggest that electroporation is one of the efficient gene delivery systems for the transfer of influenza DNA vaccine in both humoral immunity and cellular immunity.

BACKGROUNDTo study the association between psychosocial factors and the development of lung cancer.

METHODSCase-control matched study was employed in the study. A standardized life event, social support and defense mechanisms interview was administered respectively. Total 118 lung cancer patients who were diagnosed pathologically were chosen as case group, and 118 matched healthy people were as control group. The pair had the same gender, the same race, and the same occupation, and lived in the same area, and the age difference between the two groups was ±3 years.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis showed that smoking, defect of sleeping, alcohol consuming, smoking and drinking during meal, preserved food consuming, irregularity of life increased the risk of lung cancer development (P < 0.05). The scores of life events, social support had no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05), but the scores of stress life events was higher in cancer group than that in control group. The immature factors of defense mechanisms in cancer group were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). Multiple qualified logistic regression showed that smoking and defect of sleeping were the main risk factors of lung cancer genesis.

CONCLUSIONSThere is certain association between psychosocial factors and lung cancer development. The immature defensive factor is the psychosocial factor of lung cancer genesis, and smoking, defect of sleeping, alcohol consuming, smoking and drinking during meal, preserved food consuming, irregularity of life are the risk factors of lung cancer.