BACKGROUND: Although bone tissue engineering has been developed rapidly, ideal scaffold materials are deficient and the ability of tissue engineered bone constructed in vitro was reported inconsistently.OBJECTIVE: To study the ectopic osteogenesis of the implantation in vitro with composite fully deproteinized bone(CFDB) compounded by autologous red marrow.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, the 152 Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA; Ward for Retired Cadres, First People's Hospital of Pingdingshan City; Department of Orthopaedics, Chaochuan Mine Hospital of Pingdingshan Coal Industrial Group.MATERIALS: The study was completed in the Department of Orthopaedics,the 152 Hospital of Jinan Militatry Area Command of Chinese PLA. Totally 40 Japanese flap-eared white rabbits of 4 months old of either gender with a body mass from 2.0 kg to 2.5 kg were involved (provided by the Laboratory for Experimental Animals of the 152 Hospital in Pingdingshan city).INTERVENTION: Calf CFDB scaffold materials were compounded by rabbit autologous red marrow after physical and chemical managements, which were then implanted into the thigh muscles of 40 rabbits. The osteogenetic abilities of the materials compounded by autologous red marrow were analyzed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operations respectively.ysis of the implanted bone.RESULTS: ALP activities were(63.48 ± 0. 873) and (69. 527 ± 0. 635) IU/L respectively, and the results of osteogenetic quantitative analysis were (2.50 ±0.38) and(4.70 ±0.67) points of rabbits in the study group at week 4 and week 8 respectively. ALP activities were(2.50±0.38) and (4.70 ± 0. 67) IU/L and the results of osteogenetic quantitative analysis were( 1.90 ± 0.54 ) and(3.40 ± 0.54) points of rabbits in the control group at week 4 and week 8 respectively. The results indicated that the osteogenetic ability of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the same time point, and the neogenetic bone increased along with the prolongation of the implantation time.CONCLUSION: CFDB could be applied as scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering, and its osteogenesis increases significantly after being compounded by autologous red marrow.

Objective To compare selenium content in hair samples of people in Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) areas and non KBD areas two months after stopping selenium salt in Shaanxi Province,to provide a scientific basis for KBD control and prevention.Methods In September 2012,four historical KBD areas were selected,including Yongshou,Yuyang,Linyou and Nanzheng,four villages were selected as monitoring sites according to the four directions as east,west,south and north in each county.Meanwhile,four non KBD areas were selected,including Wugong,Mizhi,Qishan and Chenggu,which adjacent to the survey counties and were similar to the survey counties in environment and production and living conditions.Four villages were selected as monitoring sites according to the four directions as east,west,south and north in each county.Lianhu District in Xi'an city was selected as a urban non KBD area.Four communities were selected in the east,west,south and north as the monitoring sites.In each monitoring point,hair samples of 8 children aged 7-12 years old (gender balanced) and 8 adults over the age of 16 (gender balanced) were selected to determine the hair selenium.Samples were disposed by wet digestion method,the selenium content was determined by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence method.Results A total of 256 hair samples were collected in the four KBD counties,256 hair samples in four non KBD counties,64 hair samples in one urban district.The average of hair selenium in each monitoring point was ≥0.25 mg/kg.Compared the hair selenium content in KBD areas,rural non KBD areas,and urban non KBD areas [(0.40 ±0.23),(0.42 ± 0.28),(0.37 ± 0.38) mg/kg],the differences were not statistically significant (F =0.045,P ＞ 0.05).In KBD areas,the hair selenium content of 37 people was ＜ 0.20 mg/kg,accounting for 14.45％;28 people was 0.20-＜ 0.25 mg/kg,accounting for 10.94％;127 people was 0.25-＜ 0.50 mg/kg,accounting for 49.61％;64 people was ≥ 0.50 mg/kg,accounting for 25.00％.In non KBD areas,the hair selenium content of 67 people was ＜ 0.20 mg/kg,accounting for 20.94％,28 people was 0.20-＜ 0.25 mg/kg,accounting for 8.75％;143 people was 0.25-＜ 0.50 mg/kg,accounting 44.69％;82 people was ≥0.50 mg/kg,accounting for 25.63％.Compared the hair selenium content of children aged 7-12 and adults in KBD areas,rural non KBD areas,and urban non KBD areas [children:(0.45 ± 0.29),(0.47 ± 0.31),(0.33 ± 0.12) mg/kg;adults:(0.41 ± 0.25),(0.37 ± 0.25),(0.40 ± 0.49) mg/kg],the differences were not statistically significant (F =0.007,0.024,all P ＞ 0.05).Compared the hair selenium content in different gender in KBD areas,rural non KBD areas,and urban non KBD areas [maile:(0.43 ± 0.23),(0.43 ± 0.26),(0.40 ± 0.51) mg/kg;female:(0.38 ± 0.22),(0.41 ± 0.31),(0.34 ± 0.18) mg/kg],the differences were not statistically significant (F =0.872,3.589,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Two months after stopping to supply selenium salt in 2012 in Shaanxi Province,the hair selenium content of residents in KBD areas has not dropped significantly.Since this survey is carried out only 2 months after taking the measure,it is necessary to continue to monitor the selenium level in KBD areas.

ObjectiveTo analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DISC1 gene.MethodsThe studied sample consisted of 528 patients with schizophrenia (264 males and 264 females) and 528 healthy controls (264 males and 264 females).Two function SNPs were selected and gcnotyped by Illumina Golden Gate assay.Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between patients and controls to assess the association to schizophrenia.The clinical features of the hospital first patients were further examined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) before trcatment with antipsychotics.ResultsTwo SNPs were genotyped in subjects.A significant association was found between rs3737597 and schizophrenia in genotype (387:133:8,350:164:14) and allele frequencies (907:149,864:192,P＜0.05 ).Moreover,the haplotypes,A-A constructed from two SNPs showed significant differences between cases and controls ( P＜ 0.05).For rs821616,there were significant difference in positive syndrome score,delusions and poor rapport between patients with genotypes AA or not.ConclusionThis study describes a positive association between DISC(1) and schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population and DISC1 is the susceptible gene in schiz ophrenia.

Wilms tumor(WT) is one of the most common renal malignancies in children.Although several genetic loci such as the WT1,WT2,p53 and ?-catenin genes have been considered to be associated with WT,the causes of the tumor are still unknown.Recently the US researchers have identified a new tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in WT.The biological function of the protein encoded by WTX is yet unknown,however,the gene's location in the X chromosome is of particular interest.This review highlights the current study of the gene mutated in Wilms tumor.

Objective To study the spatial distribution of set-up errors for cervical cancer with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and to provide referential safety margin out of clinical tumor volume (CTV) during treatment plan design. Methods Six patients with cervical cancer were treated with IMRT in prone position, belly board and thermoplastic cast was used for immobilization. Measurement were made on a daily basis setup under five consecutive treatments with electron portal images device (EPID).Portal films from two projection (one anter-posterior and one opposite lateral)were taken. Sixty portal films were analyzed. The translational and rotational deviations were analyzed by registering and comparing the bony structures of EPID and digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR). Results The translational deviations were (3.1 ±1.8) mm, (3.9 ±3.3) mm, (4.2 ±2.6) mm in medi-lateral, cranio-caudal and anterior-posterior directions, the rotational deviations were in coronal plane (0.8±0.9)° and sagittal plane (1.2±1)°. Conclusion For the patients with cervical cancer undergoing IMRT, the margins between the CTV and PTV should be 7.1 mm in lateral direction, 10.4 mm in cranio-caudal and 10.8 mm in anterior-posterior directions. The sign on patients body can help to reduce the setup errors.

Objective The aim of this article was to deeply study the effects of different molecular weight of proteins and different structures of chemical substances on the adsorption specificity of HB-H-6 resin.Methods HB-H-6 resin was adopted to adsorb 5 different molecular weight proteins and different structural chemical substances including proteins,saccharides,human serum albumin (HAS),dextran and lipid,and then underwent static adsorption experiments in vitro.The adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances were analyzed from two experiments and the results were compared.Results The experiment results of HB-H-6 resin adsorption showed that the average adsorption rates of 5 different molecular weight proteins,myoglobin (Myo,16 700),ovalbumin (OVA,44 000),HAS (66 200),β-gal (130 000) and IgG (150 000),were significantly different:(0.00±0.33)％,(8.02± 1.23)％,(43.19±2.31)％,(34.25±1.07)％ and (0.00±0.69)％.In the studies on adsorption of different structural chemical substances,the average adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances proteins,saccharides,lipid were significantly different:the absorption rates of plasma total protein,albumin,globulin,glucose,triglyceride and cholesterol groups were:(11.18±0.72)％,(10.74±0.66)％,(11.74± 1.22)％,(7.17±0.12)％,(1.06± 1.04)％,(3.05± 0.65)％.The absorption rates of HAS and dextran groups were:(43.19±2.31)％ and (5.44±1.46)％.Conclusion In conclusion,the proteins' molecular weight of best adsorption condition is from 66 Ku to 130 Ku.The average adsorption rates of different structural chemical substances proteins,saccharides,lipid are significantly different.The average adsorption rates of proteins are higher than that of saccharides and lipid.It shows that HB-H-6 resin has adsorption specificity on different molecular weight proteins and different structural chemical substances.

Objective To investigate differences of ctinicopathologic features in breast cancer patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM).Methods The general conditions and elinicopathologic features of the hospitalized breast cancer patients with or without type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a case-control study.Results The average age,fasting blood-glucose,BMI and TG were(58.4 ± 7.80),(8.15 ± 2.80)mmol/L,(27.72 ± 3.47)mmol/L and(2.36 ± 1.18)mmol/L in patients with DM,and(51.6 ± 9.90),(5.13 ±0.63)mmol/L,(24.15 ± 4.95)mmol/L and(1.32 ± 0.59)mmol/L in patients without DM.There were significantdifference between the two groups(t =2.968,P =0.004; t =5.757,P ＜ 0.001 ; t =3.235,P =0.002; t =4.330,P ＜0.001,respectively).HDL-C in patients with DM was(1.39 +0.20)mmol/L,which was significantly lower than that of(1.50 ± 0.24)mmol/L in patients without DM(t =2.000,P =0.05).TC and LDL-C was(4.89 ± 1.16)mmol/L and(3.02 ±0.90)mmol/L in patients with DM,which were not significantly different with those of(4.79 ±0.85)mmol/L and(2.97 +0.61)mmol/L in patients without DM(t =0.396,P =0.693,and t =0.255,P =0.800,respectively).More patients were in the menopausal status in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM compared to the other group(x2 =11.835,P =0.001).The expression of Her-2 was 76.7％(23/30)in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM,which was significantly higher than that of 50.8％(33/65)in patients without DM(x2 =5.689,P =0.017).Conclusion The average age was higher in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM and most of them were in their menopausal status,furthermore the higher body mass index and worse prognosis were observed in this group,so the breast cancer patients with diabetes should choose the more reasonable treatment.

Objective To observe the relationship of IL-10 gene single nucleotide polymorphism and the susceptibility to ALL. Methods The bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 115 ALL patients and 323 healthy controls were collected in Peking University First Hospital and Beijing Dao-pei Hospital from January 2007 to December 2009. The DNA were extracted from all samples. The primers of -819C/T and -592A/C in the promoter region of IL-10 gene were designed for the PCR. The restrictive fragment length polymorphism of IL-10 gene was analyzed by using restrictive enzyme Msl Ⅰ and HpyCH4 Ⅲ.Sequencing was done in part of these samples to confirm the results of PCR. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the ALL patients and healthy controls. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the EB virus (EBV) infection and the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the positive and negative group. Results The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, - 819CT, -592AA,- 592CC and - 592AC were 14. 8% ( 17/115 ), 45.2% ( 52/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ), 43.5% ( 50/115 ),16. 5% ( 19/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ) in ALL patients, and were 9. 9% ( 32/323 ), 16. 4% ( 53/323 ),73.7% ( 238/323 ), 11.8% ( 38/323 ), 15.5% ( 50/323 ), 72. 8% ( 235/323 ) in the healthy controls,respectively. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites had statistically significant differences between the two groups(x2 values were 46.000 and 54.550, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The allele ratio of -819T and -592A were (65.2%, 150/230) and (63.5%, 146/230) in ALL patients, while they were 53.5% (344/646) and 48. 1% (311/646)in the healthy controls. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (x2 values were 9. 877 and 15.986, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The EBV DNA were detected in 42 ALL patients,among which 22 were positive and 20 were negative. The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, -819CT,-592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in EBV positive group were 9. 1% ( 2/22 ), 40. 9% ( 9/22 ), 50. 0%(11/22) ,31.8% ( 7/22 ), 13.6% ( 3/22 ), 54. 5% ( 12/22 ), while they were 35.0% ( 7/20 ), 45.0%(9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) ,35.0% (7/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) in the EBV negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups( all P ＞ 0. 05 ).The BCR/ABL fusion gene were detected in 36 ALL patients, among which 20 were positive and 16 were negative. The genotype ratios of - 819CC, - 819TT, - 819CT, - 592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in BCR/ABL positive group were 0% (0/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,55.0% ( 11/20), 45. 0% (9/20) ,5.0% (1/20) ,50. 0%( 10/20), while they were 18. 8% ( 3/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16), 31.3% ( 5/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16 ), 18. 8%(3/16), 31.3 % (5/16)in the BCR/ABL negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The population with - 819TT and - 592AA genotype of IL-10 gene shows susceptibility to ALL.

Objective To study the liver protection of crocetin against paraquat (PQ) poisoning induced acute liver injury in rats. Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, exposure group and treatment group, and the rats in each group were subdivided into the 0.5th, 2nd, and 6th day after exposure subgroups (n = 6). The model of acute liver failure induced by PQ poisoning was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg of 20% PQ, and the rats in control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. The rats in treatment group were given with intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg crocetin after 0.5 day, once a day until they were sacrificed; the other two groups were injected with the same amount of normal saline. The rats in all groups were sacrificed at the corresponding time points, and blood was collected from inferior vena cava and hepatic tissue was harvested. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in liver tissue on the 6th day under light microscope. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The activities of apoptosis related factors, including caspase-8, -9, -12, in hepatic tissue were determined on the 6th day with chromogenic substrate method. Results In the liver tissue of exposed group, extensive infiltration of the inflammatory cells and the diffuse fragments necrosis were visible, and the regeneration of the liver cells was not obvious, and severity of the injury in a time dependent way. In the treatment group, the structure of hepatic artery was visible, and the infiltration of necrosis, congestion and inflammatory cells were not obvious. On the 0.5th, 2nd, and 6th day, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expressions of iNOS and NF-κB in liver tissue, and the caspase-8, -9, -12 activities on the 6th day in the exposure group and treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group. And the parameters in treatment group were significantly lower than those of the exposure group [IL-6 (ng/L): 188.37±64.21 vs. 376.61±82.42 on the 0.5th day, 287.18±58.69 vs. 432.77±96.28 on the 2nd day, 234.24±10.17 vs. 375.41±37.59 on the 6th day; TNF-α (ng/L): 472.36±76.43 vs. 688.33±102.19 on the 0.5th day, 189.32±87.54 vs. 296.21±89.77 on the 2nd day, 99.28±16.13 vs. 168.41±66.78 on the 6th day; iNOS mRNA (gray value): 2.998±0.801 vs. 3.453±0.026 on the 0.5th day, 3.126±0.306 vs. 5.259±0.153 on the 2nd day, 0.841±0.135 vs. 1.225±0.057 on the 6th day; NF-κB mRNA (gray value): 1.569±0.818 vs. 2.361±0.063 on the 0.5th day, 2.345±0.489 vs. 4.668±0.368 on the 2nd day, 2.348±0.316 vs. 3.972±0.449 on the 6th day; caspase-8 (pmol/mg): 126.77±9.97 vs. 199.18±66.48 on the 6th day; caspase-9 (pmol/mg): 213.12±69.06 vs. 321.62±89.39 on the 6th day; caspase-12 (pmol/mg): 183.46±70.52 vs. 219.68±53.93 on the 6th day, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion Crocetin has protective effect on liver in rats with PQ poisoning, which role is related with reducing the blood level of inflammatory factors, inhibiting the hepatic caspase-8, -9, -12 activities and gene expressions of iNOS and NF-κB.

Drug abuse continues to be a serious public health threat worldwide. Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly American or European adolescent populations. Little is known about approaches that work best to prevent the initiation of Chinese adolescent drug use. For targeting risk factors of drug initiation in Chinese adolescents, a school-based health intervention program named "Cognition-Motivation-Emotional Intelligence-Resistance Skills" (CMER) was developed to enhance cognition upon drug use, to decrease motivation of drug use and to improve emotional adjusting and drug resistance skills in this study. A total of 798 students from 3 senior high schools in Wuhan, a city in central China, were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the CMER program in which knowledge, development of positive attitude and motivation towards drugs and training of peer resistance skills were basic elements. The immediate impact was compared by measuring the above mentioned elements prior to and three-month after the training session. Students from both groups were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic items, self-reported drug use behavior, cognition, attitude, and motivation associated with the initiation of drug use and resistance skills. Three months after the intervention, significant effects were found on "illegal substance use at least once" (P<0.05) between the intervention and control groups. Immediate effects of the intervention were also found on knowledge, motivation and peer resistance skills (P<0.05), but there was no clear evidence for any effects on attitude towards substance use (P>0.05). It was concluded that the CMER program, which significantly increased the knowledge of drugs and peer resistance skills, was effective in the drug abuse prevention in a sample of school students in Wuhan, China.