Objective To explore the anti-hyperuricemia activity of bergenin in the model of hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate. Methods 60 Kunming male mice were divided randomly into six groups, which were normal control group;hyperuricemic model group;and hyperuricemic groups with 20 , 40 , 60 mg/kg berge-nin, and 5 mg/kg allopurinol. Mice were orally administered once daily with 250 mg/kg potassium oxonate for 7 continuous days to create the model, and then three doses of bergenin and allopurinol were orally initiated on the day 1 h after potassium oxonate was given, separately. Serum uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogon levels, as well as urinary uric acid and creatinine levels were measured. mRNA and protein expression levels of mouse kidney u-rate transporter 1(URAT1), and glucose transporter 9(GLUT9) were also determined. Results Compared with hyperuricemic model group, bergenin significantly reduced serum uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogon levels, in-creased 24 h uric acid and creatinine excretion, and fractional excretion of uric acid in hyperuricemic mice;mRNA and protein levels of mURAT1 and mGLUT9 were also markedly down-regulated. Conclusion Anti-hyperuricemia effect of bergenin is attributed to the enhancement of uric acid excretion and reversion of mouse urate transporters o-ver-expression.

With the progress of medical research,more and more inherited and congenital factors predisposing to hematologic malignancies have been revealed,which have brewed into a hot topic of the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting in 2014.Correctly understanding and interpreting these innate susceptible factors will be of great significance in improving the treatment in patients and prevention or early detecting of cancers in individuals carrying these factors.Research progress in this area will be introduced together with the authors' research in this article.

Objective To investigate whether cystatin C-based prediction equations for GFR estimation are superior to SCr-based prediction equations.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight consecutive patients (85 males,113 females,average age 66.5 years) who underwent GFR measurement with 99TcmDTPA and serum cystatin C and SCr tests were included in this retrospective study.GFR,serum cystatin C and SCr concentrations were determined by the Gates method (measured GFR),the particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay,and the Jaffe method,respectively.Eight different equations (6 equations based on the serum cystatin C,and the other 2 based on SCr) were used to estimate GFR values,and the results were compared with that of the Gates method.Patients were divided into different groups according to the measured GFR (normalized to body surface area,1.73 m-2):normal renal function,mild,moderate or severe renal impairment groups.One-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t test were used to compare the estimated GFR,andx2 test was used to compare the diagnostic efficiencies of different GFR estimation equations.Results Among 198 patients,159 cases were with renal impairment (78 mild,58 moderate,23 severe),and the other 39 cases were with normal renal function.For patients with moderate or severe renal impairment,the estimated GFR calculated by the Tan formula was not different from the measured GFR (severe:(20.7±7.4) ml · min-1 vs (19.9±8.2) ml · min-1; F=6.75,t＜1.05; moderate:(42.1±14.4) ml· min-1 vs (46.8±9.2) ml· min-1; F=10.49,t＜1.63; both P＞0.05),and it had the least error compared with the measured GFR (severe:(12.3±7.0) ％ ; moderate:(17.9± 13.0) ％).For the patients with mild renal impairment and normal renal function,the estimated GFR calculated by the Tan formula was not valuable.For the diagnosis of renal impairment,the sensitivity and accuracy of the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula were 66.0％(105/159) and 71.2％(141/198),respectively,and those of the chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula were 70.4％ (112/ 159) and 73.7％(146/198),respectively.The sensitivities and accuracies of the cystatin C-based formulas (≥83.6％ (133/159) and ≥79.3％(157/198),respectively) were higher than those of MDRD formula and CKD-EPI formula (x2 ≥23.50,all P＜0.01).For the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (including 81 patients with moderate and severe renal impairment),the sensitivities of cystatin C-based prediction equations (≥ 86.4％ (70/81)) were higher than those of the MDRD formula and the CKD-EPI formula (76.5％ (62/81),79.0％ (64/81)),but the accuracies were slightly lower (Tan formula:80.3％ (159/198),x2≥ 56.42,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The Tan formula may be more suitable for the GFR estimation than the MDRD formula and CKD-EPI formula in the patients with severe or moderate renal impairment (serum cystatin C≥ 1.55 mg/L),but it may not be reliable for the patients with mild renal impairment and normal renal function.

Objectives To investigate and evaluate the effect of Nutrison-5Fu on immune function of perioperative patients with progressive gastrointestinal cancer,and simultaneously we also recommended the methods of application of Nutrison-5Fu.Methods Seventy eight cases were equally divided at random into three groups,26 cases in each group.⑴Nutrison-5Fu group:the patients were treated with Nutrison-5Fu.⑵Chemotherapy group:the patients only received 5-Fu.⑶Control group:there were not any chemotherapy and immunetherapy during the perioperation.The values of CD 3,CD 4,CD 8 and NKCC were determined in all cases.Results Values of CD 3,CD 4,CD/CD 8 ratio and NKCC in most patients were distinctly low,but the condition rapid improved by giving them Nutrison-5Fu.On the contrary,the values declined further after chemotherapy alone.Conclusion The treatment of Nutrison-5Fu not only can repress the development of the tumor,but also can improve the dystrophic status and immune function of the patients with cancer.

Objective To know the prevalent trend of goiter in Shaanxi province and to provide the basic data for making the control strategy. Methods In 2002, with the population proportionate sampling, the investigation was conducted according to China National Criteria for Diagnosis and Grade Division of Endemic Goiter GB16004-1995. Results The prevalence rate of goiter was 6.52%, the number of patients with visible goiter was 317 000 in Shaanxi province. Conclusion It was not proper to evaluate the population iodine nutrition by the goiter rate of children aged 8-10 years, it may aggrandize the serious degree of IDD. Up to now, the number of patients with visible goiter is decreased by 659 000 and no new Cretinism patient has been found in Shaanxi.

Objective To investigate the effects of substance P (SP) on the expression of apoptosis-associated genes in fibroblasts derived from pathological scars. Methods Fibroblasts derived from keloid, hypertrophic scar and normal skin were cultured separately in media containing SP and SP receptor antagonist. PCNA, bcl-2 and bax protein in fibroblasts were assessed by means of immunohistochemistry. Results SP enhanced PCNA and bcl-2 expression in all three kinds of fibroblasts, whereas, bax expression was inhibited significantly. SP inhibited the expression of bax in keloid scar fibroblasts (KSFB) more remarkably than that in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFB) or normal fibroblasts (NFB), and the effect was stronger on HSFB than on NFB. SP receptor antagonist could inhibit those effects of SP totally or partially. Conclusion SP may play an important role in the formation of pathological scars by modulating the expression of apoptosis-associated genes, which is mediated by SP receptor.

The detection of JAK2 V617F and CALR mutations,which was first reported in 2005 and 2013,respectively,had greatly improved the diagnosis and treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).Most MPN patients are inclined to thrombophilia,the carrier frequency of JAK2 V617F mutation was also high in patients of various thrombotic events,and the relationship between the two conditions needs further study.The observation of JAK2 V617F mutation in control group and general population also enlightened and changed the understanding about the development of chronic cancer.Research progress in this area will be introduced together with the related reports in the 56th American Society of Hematology annual meeting in 2014.

Telomere and telomerase play important roles in protecting and maintaining the stability and integrity of chromosomes. Telomere and telomerase are closely related with multiple diseases, and their relationship with aging and tumors has become a hot topic in recent years. Relevant reports in the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting in 2016 will be reviewed together with advances of telomere and telomerase in hematological diseases.

Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have profoundly improved prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), it still can not cure CML with high relapse rate when TKI is used alone. Except for effective development of TKI and precise application of the existing TKI,the exploitation of new therapy target, research on treatment for leukemia stem cells and cocktail targeted therapies also provide further inspiration for improving treatment and curing CML. This article will introduce the advances of therapy in CML.

The diversity of immune repertoire (IR) is closely related to immune function and tumors derived from B or T lymphocytes.In recent years,the development of next generation sequencing has greatly promoted the progression and application of IR analysis.The research of IR has become a new hotspot of the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting in 2016.Relevant reports in this meeting will be reviewed together with advances in research and application of IR analysis in hematological malignancies in recent years.