This paper illustrates the immunology teaching reform of higher medical education to meet demands of the 21st century. The teaching reform includes cultivating students’humanities quality,scientific consciousness,ability to research and the following-up of immunology progress. According to the teaching practice and the results from the questionnaire,the new teaching model is better than traditional teaching model and is approved by the students.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of renal protective effect of rosiglitazone on diabetic rat kidney. Methods Eighteen rats were assigned to normal control(C) group,diabetic rat(DM) group, rosiglitazone(5 mg?kg-1?d-1)treatment(R) group.Immunohistochemistry,RT PCR,Western blot were used to examine the pathological change of kidney and expression of PPAR?、TGF ?1 after 8 weeks in the kidney of rats. Results In comparison with normal group, the expression of PPAR?and TGF ?1 in diabetic rat and treatment groups was markedly increased(P

Objective To study full-automatic tissue hydroextractor that its factors of influence anhydration quality in the process of anhydration. Methods The quality of tissue hydroextractor was increased by various angles of reagent examination, correct clipping and standard management etc. Results The quality of hydroextrator and the high quality of tissue section was improved by replacing reagents timely, clipping tissue properly, canonical management and performing specification and maintenance of the machinery, and the efficiency and accuracy of pathological diagnosis was enhanced too. Conclusion In foundation of strictly quality control, the advanced machine integrates with the skill and sense of responsibility of the operators. The quality of tissue dehydration can be improved effectively.

Objective: To prepare ibuprofen sustained-release dropping pills, to evaluate the accumulative release percentage in vitro and to study the drug state in the base.Methods: With the drug content, mass ratio of water-soluble base to insoluble base and mass ratio of stearic acid to glyceryl monostearate as the investigation factors, and the comprehensive score of 2-hour and 10-hour cumulative dissolution rate as the evaluation index, a Box-Behnken response-surface method was used to screen the optimal formula of ibuprofen sustained-release dropping pills.The drug state in the matrix was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Results: The optimal formula of ibuprofen sustained-release dropping pills was as follows: the drug content of 10%, water-soluble and insoluble matrix ratio of 4∶1, and stearic acid and glyceryl monostearate ratio of 3∶1.The maximum cumulative dissolution rate of ibuprofen sustained-release dropping pills was 78.85%.The DSC analysis showed that the drug crystallization peak disappeared in the sustained-release dropping pills, and formed a solid dispersion.Conclusion: The preparation has good sustained-release effect, and the preparation process is simple.

Objective:Use the droplet digital PCR (ddRCR) technology to establish, optimize and evaluate the method of EGFR-T790M mutation detection.Methods:The relevant probes and primers were designed for EGFR-T790M mutations. The ddPCR reaction system was established, the optimal annealing temperature was set and the basic performance of the method was tested. On this basis, from January 2019 to October 2019, 72 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from NSCLC patients were collected from Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, and clinically verified. The consistency of the gene mutation detections with Bole ddPCR products was analyzed using Kappa test.Results:The ddPCR reaction system was established and optimized. Linear evaluation showed the R2 value was greater than 0.99. Using ddPCR, the blank detection limit was determined to be the numbers of mutant droplets≥2, with excellent specificity. For the sensitivity analysis, the lower limit of mutation detection was determined to be at least 0.05%. In the repeatability and inter-assay precision tests, the results had a coefficient of variation( CV)<20%. The relative deviation of the results was within the range of±10% for the accuracy analysis. Using the established T790M mutation detection method, 72 samples from the NSCLC patients were tested for genetic mutation in cfDNA, and the overall agreement with the Bole ddPCR products was 91.67% (66/72, Kappa=0.749; P<0.001). Conclusion:Using ddPCR, the method of EGFR-T790M mutation detection for NSCLC was successfully established.

Objective To evaluate the significance and announcements of interventional treatment in Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction. Method Forty-five patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome with IVC obstruction were treated by oombined interventional methods such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with balloon catheters and stents. Results After PTA with balloon catheters and stents, venography proved IVC were reopened. After the systemic treatment, clinical symptoms completely or partly disappeared in 24 hours. One patient with acute thrombosis was treated by PTA and stent, 2 patients failed because of IVC obstruction were too long, 2 patients recurred IVC obstruction after interventional treatment. No pulmonary embolism and hemorrhage occurred during the procedure oftreatment. Conclusion The interventional treatment in Budd-Chiari syndrome with IVC obstruction is safe and effective.

The Philippines’ medical system is mainly based on the provincial responsibility system and the limited hierarchical. The Philippine government implement Philhealth program which can provide medical insurance for most people. The top 10 fatal diseases in this country includes ischemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory tract infection and so on. Of these diseases, the increasing rate of hypertensive heart disease, chronic kidney disease and diabetes are fast. Bone setting, massage and herbal medicine are the major form of traditional medicine in the Philippines. The acceptance of acupuncture and moxibustion by the government and local people is relatively high acupuncture and moxibustion therapy has been included in its medical insurance. There are many limitations on the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and Chinese herbal medicine in the Philippines, and the clinical application of acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine is still limited. TCM education in the Philippines is still not systematic. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the education system of TCM, strengthen the promotion of acupuncture and moxibustion, give full play of the advantages of TCM for native high-risk diseases, and to make use of modern technologies such as telemedicine.

Objective To explore the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of radioactive gastric tube of 125Ⅰ seeds in the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods For 10 cases with advanced esophageal carcinoma, the tumor target area was outlined in the TPS system according to preoperative CT images. Prescription dose was 60 Gy with 125Ⅰ seed radioactivity of 2. 22 × 107 Bq. Accordingly, the 125Ⅰ seeds number and the appropriate gastric tube was decided. Then, depending on the location of the tumor and certain rules, 125Ⅰ seeds were fixed in the tube wall to make the radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds gastric tube. Under the C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy, the radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds gastric tubes were placed into esophageal carcinoma site of the patients. Results The radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds gastric tubes of 10 patients were successfully placed, without esophageal perforation, bleeding complications and so on. In one month after operation, all patients with dysphagia′s Stooler classification score were 2 -3 level,of which one case died of other basic diseases in three months after operation, and six cases achieved 0 -1 level while the other three cases achieved 1 -2 level in four months after operation. There were no cases of postoperative chest pain, bleeding, pneumonia and other related complications. Conclusions The radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds gastric tube could not only help to solve nutrition problems, but also the intracavitary brachytherapy inhibit the growth of tumor, which is safe and feasible in clinical use. It can be used as a palliative treatment for patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.

Meridian theory plays an important role in the guidance of clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion. Since the publication of(), the meridian theory has been developed. In the paper, in view of complex science, the topological properties of acupoint-symptom network were analyzed quantitatively by taking acupoint as node and indication as the connection, such as high clustering coefficient and the small world effect. It was the first time to give the abstraction for the topological proof of the high efficiency information transmission property of acupoint-symptom network meridian system at different times. Its quantitative and digitalized significance was analyzed on the development of meridian theory under the complex scientific background so as to provide a new thought and method for the study of meridian theory and acupuncture modernization.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features, genetic characteristics, treatment and follow-up results of patients with hydrocephalus caused by methylmalonic acidemia combined with homocysteinuria, and to discuss the optimal strategies for assessing and treating such patients.Methods:From January 1998 to December 2020, 76 patients with hydrocephalus due to methylmalonic acidemia combined with homocysteinuria in the Department of Pediatrics in 11 hospitals including Peking University First Hospital were diagnosed by biochemical, genetic analysis and brain imaging examination. The patients were divided into operation-group and non-operation-group according to whether they underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The clinical features, laboratory examinations, genotype, and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Data were compared between the two groups using rank sum test, and categorical data were compared using χ 2 test. Results:Among the 76 patients (51 male, 25 female), 5 were detected by newborn screening, while 71 were diagnosed after clinical onset, 68 cases (96%) had early-onset, 3 cases (4%) had late-onset. The most common clinical manifestations of 74 cases with complete data were psychomotor retardation in 74 cases (100%), visual impairment in 74 cases (100%), epilepsy in 44 cases (59%), anemia in 31 cases (42%), hypotonia or hypertonia in 21 cases (28%), feeding difficulties in 19 cases (26%) and disturbance of consciousness in 17 cases (23%). Genetic analysis was performed in 76 cases, all of whom had MMACHC gene variations, including 30 homozygous variations of MMACHC c.609G>A. The most common variations were c.609G>A (94, 62.7%), followed by c.658_660del (18, 12.0%), c.567dupT (9, 6.0%) and c.217C>T (8, 5.3%). Therapy including cobalamin intramuscular injection, L-carnitine and betaine were initiated immediately after diagnosis. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation was performed in 41 cases (operation group), and 31 patients improved after metabolic intervention (non-operation group). There was no significant difference in the age of onset, the age of diagnosis, the blood total homocysteine, methionine, and urinary methylmalonic acid concentration between the two groups (all P>0.05). The symptoms of psychomotor development, epilepsy, and visual impairments improved gradually after a long-term follow-up in the operation group. Conclusions:Hydrocephalus is a severe complication of methylmalonic acidemia combined with homocysteinuria. The most common clinical manifestations are psychomotor retardation, visual impairment, and epilepsy. It usually occurs in early-onset patients. Early diagnosis and etiological treatment are very important. Hydrocephalus may improve after metabolic intervention in some patients. For patients with severe ventricular dilatation, prompt surgical intervention can improve the prognosis.