1.Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in Depressive Episodes of Bipolar Disorder Based on Cluster Analysis and Bayesian Network:A Cross-sectional Study
Xinzi LIU ; Ziyan LI ; Sisi ZHENG ; Mingkang SONG ; Hong ZHU ; Dongqing YIN ; Hongxiao JIA
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024;65(1):79-85
ObjectiveTo explore the elements, distribution and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (BD). MethodsBasic information, along with the four examination information, the Hamilton Depression Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale scores, were collected from 293 outpatients with BD at Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University. The four examination information with an occurrence rate greater than 12% were retained. The R language “dist” function was used to calculate the distances between samples using the Euclidean distance method. The hierarchical clustering of the four examination information was performed using the “hclust” function and the squared Euclidean distance method. A team of five researchers was formed to determine the nature and location of the essential elements of TCM syndrome in BD based on the clustering results. The PC algorithm was used to construct a Bayesian network model of the essential elements. The working group combined the essential elements of TCM syndromes in the Bayesian network according to the reference model results, and then extracted common TCM syndromes. The score of each patient based on the essential elements was matched with the common TCM syndromes to determine the syndrome type of each patient. The working group then performs conformity and revision based on this, obtaining the final distribution of TCM syndromes for the patients. ResultsThere were 77 common TCM symptoms in BD with a frequency greater than 12%. The top 15 symptoms with higher frequencies were slippery pulse, mental fatigue and lack of strength, wiry pulse, excessive rumination, preference for solitude, vexation, agitation and irritability, dry mouth, palpitations, profuse dreaming, unwarranted worries, chest oppression, thin white coating, amnesia, frequent sighing, and poor appetite. TCM syndrome elements of BD can be grouped into 11 categories. The nature of disease-related essential elements included fire, qi deficiency, blood deficiency, qi counterflow, yin deficiency, dampness, heat, fire from constraint, and phlegm. The location of disease-related essential elements included heart, liver, spleen, stomach, kidney, bladder channel, and gallbladder. By constructing a Bayesian network model and considering the opinions from the experts, six common syndromes of BD were identified, among which the highest proportion was heart-stomach heat accumulation, accounting for 27.99% (82 cases), followed by heart-spleen deficiency (55 cases, 18.77%), non-interaction between the heart and the kidney (49 cases, 16.72%), liver constraint and blood deficiency (42 cases, 14.33%), heart qi deficiency (37 cases, 12.63%), and damp-heat in the liver and gallbladder (28 cases, 9.56%). ConclusionsThe nature of disease-related elements of BD are predominantly fire and heat, while the location of disease-related essential elements are primarily associated with the heart, liver, and spleen. The most common TCM syndromes are heart-stomach heat accumulation and heart-spleen deficiency.
2.TRIM25 inhibits HBV replication by promoting HBx degradation and the RIG-I-mediated pgRNA recognition.
Hongxiao SONG ; Qingfei XIAO ; Fengchao XU ; Qi WEI ; Fei WANG ; Guangyun TAN
Chinese Medical Journal 2023;136(7):799-806
BACKGROUND:
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has been efficiently used for decades. However, hepatocellular carcinoma caused by HBV is still prevalent globally. We previously reported that interferon (IFN)-induced tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25) inhibited HBV replication by increasing the IFN expression, and this study aimed to further clarify the anti-HBV mechanism of TRIM25.
METHODS:
The TRIM25-mediated degradation of hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein was determined by detecting the expression of HBx in TRIM25-overexpressed or knocked-out HepG2 or HepG2-NTCP cells via Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to confirm the interaction between TRIM25 and HBx, and colocalization of TRIM25 and HBx was identified via immunofluorescence; HBV e-antigen and HBV surface antigen were qualified by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from Kehua Biotech. TRIM25 mRNA, pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), and HBV DNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and pgRNA interaction was verified by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay.
RESULTS:
We found that TRIM25 promoted HBx degradation, and confirmed that TRIM25 could enhance the K90-site ubiquitination of HBx as well as promote HBx degradation by the proteasome pathway. Interestingly, apart from the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, the SPRY domain of TRIM25 was also indispensable for HBx degradation. In addition, we found that the expression of TRIM25 increased the recognition of HBV pgRNA by interacting with RIG-I, which further increased the IFN production, and SPRY, but not the RING domain is critical in this process.
CONCLUSIONS
The study found that TRIM25 interacted with HBx and promoted HBx-K90-site ubiquitination, which led to HBx degradation. On the other hand, TRIM25 may function as an adaptor, which enhanced the recognition of pgRNA by RIG-I, thereby further promoting IFN production. Our study can contribute to a better understanding of host-virus interaction.
Humans
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Hepatitis B virus
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DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism*
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RNA
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Liver Neoplasms
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Virus Replication
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Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics*
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Transcription Factors
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics*
3.Rewiring ERBB3 and ERK signaling confers resistance to FGFR1 inhibition in gastrointestinal cancer harbored an ERBB3-E928G mutation.
Xiang YANG ; Hongxiao WANG ; Enjun XIE ; Biyao TANG ; Qingdian MU ; Zijun SONG ; Junyi CHEN ; Fudi WANG ; Junxia MIN
Protein & Cell 2020;11(12):915-920
Amino Acid Substitution
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Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology*
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics*
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Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology*
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Humans
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MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics*
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Mutation, Missense
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Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism*
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Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism*