Objective To explore the early diagnosis and proper treatment for pancreas injuries. Methods 31 patients with pancreatic injury were treated from Oct. 1997 to Nov. 2008 in the Third Hospital of Yanzhou Mining Group. The early clinical signs and characters, treatment and causes of death of the 31 cases of pancreas injuries were studied retrospectively. Results All 31 cases with blunt pancreatic injury underwent operation. 28 patients were cured, 2 died from the pancreatic fistula and 1 multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Pancreatic fistula and pancreatic pseudocysts were the main complications. Conclusions The preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Surgical exploration is the main method to guarantee accurate diagnosis of pancreatic injuries.Selecting proper surgical operation according to the situation of pancreatic injuries during the exploration can elevate successful rate.

A 41-year-old female patient developed round,bright yellow patches on the left calvarial region without obvious precipitating factors 40 years prior to the presentation,which gradually grew to form plaques with age.Two years prior to the presentation,nipple-like lesions appeared in the calvarial and temporal region with an erythematous and wet surface; concurrently,black masses developed in the left temporal region and gradually enlarged with central ulceration but no subjective symptoms.At about 1 year of age,pitchy macules developed on the light tan patches located on the left jaw,posterior and anterior neck,trunk and upper limbs,and gradually increased in quantity and size with the involvement of the homolateral dorsal hand and gradual appearance of papules.Skin examination revealed two well-marginated,indurated,bright red neoplasms sized 3 cm × 2 cm and 2 cm × 1 cm respectively,with erosive and cauliflower-like surface; black or pink papules were scattered between these neoplasms.There was a ring-shaped black mass sized 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm in the left temporal region with central ulceration.Pitchy tough macules and papules were observed on the light tan patches located in the left cheek,lower mandible,posterior and anterior neck,protothorax,shoulder and back,upper limbs and dorsal hand.Based on the histopathology of multiple lesions,the cauliflower-like lesions on the head were diagnosed as syringocystadenoma papilliferum,the yellow plaques as syringocystadenoma papilliferum complicated by sebaceous adenoma,the black proliferative lesions in the temporal region as trichoblastoma accompanied by basal cell epithelioma,the black papuloid lesions and brown maculopapuloid lesions on the lower mandible as nevus spilus.The patient was diagnosed with skin adnexal tumor with multipotential differentiation (syringocystadenoma papilliferum,sebaceous adenoma,trichoblastoma and basal cell epithelioma)accompanied by nevus spilus.

The pathogenesis of tourette syndrome is not clear yet, and the clinical manifestations are diverse. With modern medi-cal treatment, adverse reactions occur frequently in clinics. Based on syndrome differentiation, TCM treatment can well control the clinical symptoms of children, and achieve better results without obvious adverse reactions. TCM treatment has unique advantages. In the paper, the etiology and pathogenesis, and the classification of the disease were discussed, so as to systematically explore TCM treatment of the disease and provide reference for TCM treatment of the disease.

Objective The aim of this study is to combine Raman spectroscopy and machine learning techniques to distinguish subgin-gival plaques among three groups of subjects,including patients with chronic periodontitis(CP)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),patients with CP alone,and healthy controls.Methods The Raman spectra of the subgingival plaques from 20 patients with CP and T2DM(group A),23 patients with CP alone(group B),and 23 healthy controls(group C)were obtained using a portable Raman spec-trometer.Eight common machine learning algorithms were applied to build models to distinguish the Raman spectra of the three types of subgingival plaques.Results The model identified as optimal for distinguishing the three types of subgingival plaques was linear discri-minant analysis(LDA).The optimal model to distinguish groups A and B is LDA,groups A and C is extra trees(ET),and groups B and C group is LDA.Conclusion The proposed classification model based on Raman spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms can dis-tinguish subgingival plaques among patients with CP and T2DM,with CP alone,and healthy controls.This technique can be used in future clinical practice as a screening or diagnostic tool.

The present study was intend to clone and express the cDNA encoding Cyclophilin B (CyPB) of Schistosoma japonicum, its preliminary biological function and further immunoprotective effect against schistosome infection in mice. RT-PCR technique was applied to amplify a full-length cDNA encoding protein Cyclophilin B (Sj CyPB) from schistosomula cDNA. The expression profiles of Sj CyPB were determined by Real-time PCR using the template cDNAs isolated from 7, 13, 18, 23, 32 and 42 days parasites. The cDNA containing the Open Reading Frame of CyPB was then subcloned into a pGEX-6P-1 vector and transformed into competent Escherichia coli BL21 for expressing. The recombinant protein was renaturated, purified and its antigenicity were detected by Western blotting, and the immunoprotective effect induced by recombinant Sj CyPB was evaluated in Balb/C mice. The cDNA containing the ORF of Sj CyPB was cloned with the length of 672 base pairs, encoding 223 amino acids. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the gene had the highest expression in 18-day schistosomula, suggesting that Sj CyPB was schistosomula differentially expressed gene. The recombinant protein showed a good antigenicity detected by Western blotting. Animal experiment indicated that the vaccination of recombinant CyPB protein in mice led to 31.5% worm and 41.01% liver egg burden reduction, respectively, compared with those of the control. A full-length cDNA differentially expressed in schistosomula was obtained. The recombinant Sj CyPB protein could induce partial protection against schistosome infection.
Animals ; Antigens, Helminth ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclophilins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Schistosoma japonicum ; genetics ; immunology ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; prevention & control ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; biosynthesis ; immunology

The 26S proteasome is a proteolytic complex responsible for the degradation of the vast majority of eukaryotic proteins. Regulated proteolysis by the proteasome is thought to influence cell cycle progression, transcriptional control, and other critical cellular processes. A novel Schistosoma japonicum gene (GenBank Accession No. AY813725) proteasome alpha2 subunit (SjPSMA2) was cloned. Sequence analysis revealed that the ORF of SjPSMA2 gene contains 708 nucleotides encoding 235 amino acids, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 25.84 kDa. Real-time PCR analysis showed that this gene expressed in 7 d, 13 d, 18 d, 23 d, 32 d and 42 d schistosoma. The mRNA level of SjPSMA2 was lower in 7 d and 23 d schistosomulum than that in other stages. The SjPSMA2 cDNA fragment was subcloned into an expression vector pET28a(+) and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. After induction with IPTCQ the 30 kDa fusion protein was produced as included bodies. Western-blotting revealed that the fusion protein could be recognized by the rabbit serum anti-Schistosoma japonicum adult worm antigen preparation, and the protein in native could be detected. After immunization of BALB/c mice with the fusion protein, the reduction rates of worm counts and liver egg counts were 12.33% and 35.23%. ELISA results revealed that the vaccinated group showed a significant increase in the level of IgG antibody. This study provided an important basis for investigating the regulation mechanism of the proteasome during the development of Schistosoma japonicum.
Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth ; blood ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunization ; Liver ; parasitology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Parasite Egg Count ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Schistosoma japonicum ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology

Objective: We aimed to evaluate changes towards liver fibrosis during entecavir(ETV)treatment by non-invasive fibrosis markers in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who need antiviral therapy. Methods: Totally 303 HBeAg negative treatment-naive CHB patients were enrolled and liver biopsy was performed before starting antiviral therapy in this study. Totally 196 patients who need antiviral therapy were treated with ETV for at least 3 years. A clinical and virological evaluation was performed at baseline and again after 1, 2 and 3 years during ETV treatment. AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) was used to assess dynamic changes of liver fibrosis in HBeAg negative CHB patients after 1, 2, 3 years of ETV treatment. Results: All enrolled patients experienced liver biopsy at baseline. According to Metavir fibrosis stages, F1, F2, F3 and F4 patients were 107, 125, 54 and 17, respectively. The APRI score enabled the correct identification of patients with severe fibrosis (METAVIR F3-F4). The APRI values significantly decreased in F2 and F3 patients after 1 year ETV therapy (P<0.01). But for F4 patients, APRI values decreased significantly at year 3 (P<0.05). Conclusions APRI values decreased significantly during ETV treatment in HBeAg-negative CHB patients indicating that these noninvasive fibrosis tests might be useful for monitoring improvement of liver fibrosis and assessing treatment efficacy during long-term ETV treatment.

AIM: To explore the potential mechanism of action of Pingxiao capsule in the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS: TCMSP, TCM-ID, GeneCards and other databases were used to screen the related targets of Pingxiao capsule and breast can-

Objective: To observe the changes of peripheral blood image of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin, and explore the relationship between the changes and serum virological respose (SVR). Methods: Patients with CHC treated with Peg-IFN α-2 a and ribavirin in the Second Division of Liver Disease in Beijing Ditan Hospital were monitored for peripheral blood cells routine examination and Liver function, kidney function, thyroid function at baseline and week 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and week 12, 24, 48 after the end of treatment for chronic hepatitis C, and HCV RNA. Results: The decrease of peripheral blood cell counts began to appear at week 2 of treatment. For CHC patients without cirrhosis, white blood cells, lymphocyte, hemoglobin and platelets at week 2, while minimum values were seen at week 36, and the neutrophils reached the minimum value to at week 24. Significant recovery of the peripheral blood changes was seen at the end of treatment (48 weeks), and reached pre-treatment levels at week 48 after the end of treatment. For CHC patients with cirrhosis, white blood cells, lymphocytes, hemoglobin and platelets significantly decreased at week 2, while neutrophils reached a minimum value at 2 weeks. And hemoglobin and platelets reached a minimum value at 24 weeks, and the white blood cells reached the minimum value at weeks 24-36 besides lymphocyte reached the minimum value at week 36. Significant recovery was seen at the end of treatment (48 weeks), and the blood cell counts reached pre-treatment levels at 48 weeks after the end of treatment. For patients with CHC, hemoglobin decreased by more than 27.47% at week 4, which means that the patient would have a predictive significance for SVR, as well as the of PLT reduction by more than 36.96% at week 8. Conclusions During the treatment with Peg-interferon and ribavirin, the variation of blood picture has some predicting effect, which predicts the result of antiviral treatment.

Objective: To explore the persistent viral response rate (SVR) in patients with refractory chronic hepatitis C after interferon (IFN) (peginterferon 360 μg qw) and ribavirin (PR) therapy failure. The SVR of patients with refractory chronic hepatitis C was improved by PR combined with direct antiviral agents (DAA) and proper extension of the course of therapy was applied. Methods: Seventeen cases of refractory chronic hepatitis C after IFN(peginterferon 360 μg qw) and ribavirin therapy failure were given PR combined with DAA treatment. The side effects were observed and corresponding adjustments were made on drug dosage, and SVR was recorded. Results: The 17 cases completed the whole course of treatment with PR combined with DAA for 24 weeks. All the 17 patients obtained rapid viralogical response (RVR) and SVR. After treatment, the SVR rate was 100% in patients including those with virologic relapse, retreated or previously non-responsive patients with refractory chronic hepatitis C. The adverse reaction of PR combined with DAA 24 weeks was generally mild. Conclusions The use of PR combined with DAA re-treatment in patients with refractory chronic hepatitis C can achieve SVR and shorten the treatment time. PR combined with DAA re-therapy is one of effective treatments to improve the rate of sustained viral response in patients with refractory chronic hepatitis C.