Objective To know the situation of the water environment of Yangtse river of source area of Lantsang,Yellow and Yangtse River,and provide the theoretical basis for protecting the biosystem of this area. Methods Ten monitoring sections were selected in the investigated areas and the water samples were collected in May 2008,August 2008,October 2008 respectively. The sampling,determination and evaluation in the investigation were performed according to the related standard regulations. Results The water temperature was 8.5 ℃,pH value was 8.27,the index of KMnO4 was 0.73 mg/L,the concentrations of COD, BOD5, NH4-N, fluoride, sulfide, total phosphoric, Cr6+, phenol, Hg, petroleum were 9.1,2,0.334,0.166,0.02,0.03,0.004,0.002,0.000 01, 0.02 mg/L,respectirely; the count of fecal coliform

Schizophrenia is roughly equivalent to insanity in TCM.Premorbid personality traits of schizophrenia are similar to the characteristic of stagnation of liver in TCM.The stagnation of liver-qi is a usually cause and main differentiation type of schizophrenia.Early location of this disease is toward to the liver.The stagnant qi of the liver turns into fire,up to brain to interfere the activity of mind,then leads the disease into the acute phase;Stagnation of the liver-qi and the heart-fire affect other organs and lead the disease to its chronic phase:The change of solar term or dramatic disturbances of climate change often leads liver yang to interfere the mind,resulting in recurrence or relapses of schizophrenia.We should pay attention to rule of liver in the treatment,rehabilitation,prevention of recurrence in schizophrenia.When treating schizophrenia,we need pay attention to soothing liver,without inhibiting the sthenic liver-energy;suppressing the hyperactive liver by calming the liver and removing heat from the liver.Soothing liver and strengthening spleen,dispersing liver-qi and regulating stomach are the common treatment.For preventing degeneration,while nourishing liver and kidney,clearing heat and calming the mind should be used at same time;while nourishing liver yin,wind-dispersing,eliminating phlegm,clearing-stasis should be used at same time.Cleaning liver heat,nourishing yin,activating blood and detoxification should be paid attention to when preventing and treating the side effects caused by antipsychotic drugs.

Objective struclured clinical examination (OSCE) is a kind of examination which could objectively evaluate the students′clinical skills.Nowadays,OSCE are wildly applied in medical educational field throughout the world.Timely discussion and analysis on the problems existed in the implementation process of OSCE is necessary.Measures should be taken to improve the OSCE examination and to meet the requirements of higher clinical practice training level such as increasing clinical skill simulation training hardware investment,optimizing settings and conlents of the examination and the test stations as well as introducing standardized patients (SP) and other measures.

Objective To clone cDNA encoding troponin T of Schistosoma japonicum(SjTnT),and evaluate the protective efficacy induced by recombinant SjTnT in BALB/c mice against S. japonicum challenge infection. Methods The SjTnT gene was amplified from 28-day-schistosome cDNAs by PCR and then subcloned into pET28a(+). The recombinant SjTnT protein (rSjTnT)was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)cells. The serum specific to rSjTnT was prepared by immunized BALB/c mice with the recombinant antigen,and the immunogenicity of rSjTnT was detected by Western blotting and ELISA. The immuno-protective efficacy induced by rSjTnT in BALB/c mice was evaluated according to the reduction in worm and egg counts. Results The cDNA encoding SjTnT was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli. Western blotting showed that rSjTnT had a good immunogenicity. The high level of specific IgG antibodies was detected,and 33.89% worm reduction and 43.94% liver egg reduction were obtained in mice vaccinated with rSjTnT combined with Seppic 206 adjuvant compared with those in the adjuvant control group. Conclusions rSjTnT could induce partial immuno-protection against S. japonicum infec-tion in BALB/c mice. This study provided a basic for understanding the biological function of SjTnT.

Objective:To explore the inhibitory mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion on tumor growth in colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CAC)based on histone lysine demethylase 4D(KDM4D). Methods:Inbred male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a CAC group,a herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group,and an inhibitor group.Except the normal group,rats in the other three groups were treated with azoxymethane(AOM)combined with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)to make CAC rat models.Rats in the normal group and the CAC group did not receive interventions;rats in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group received moxibustion at Qihai(CV6)and bilateral Tianshu(ST25),2 cones for one point each time,once a day for 30 d with 1-day rest every week;rats in the inhibitor group received intraperitoneal injection of KDM4D inhibitor,5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline(5-c-8HQ),once a day for 30 d.After intervention,the general condition,colon length,tumor number and volume,and histopathological colon changes were observed.The expression of adenomatous polyposis coli(APC),axis inhibitor(Axin),cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-7 and MMP-9 mRNAs were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),cleaved caspase3,KDM4D,APC,and Axin proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with the normal group,the general condition was poor,the colon length was significantly shortened(P<0.01),the number and volume of colonic tumors were increased(P<0.01),the structure of glandular duct was obviously disordered with"back-to-back"and cowall phenomenon,and also high-grade adenocarcinoma formed;the protein expression levels of PCNA and KDM4D were significantly increased(P<0.01),while cleaved caspase3,APC,and Axin were significantly reduced(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1,MMP-7,and MMP-9 were significantly increased(P<0.01),while APC and Axin were significantly reduced(P<0.01)in the CAC group.Compared with the CAC group,the general condition was improved,the length of colon was significantly increased(P<0.01),the number and volume of the colonic tumors were reduced(P<0.05),and the colon tissues showed epithelial cell proliferation with enlarged and deep staining nuclei,dysplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration;the protein expression levels of PCNA and KDM4D were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the cleaved caspase3,APC,and Axin were significantly increased(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1,MMP-7,and MMP-9 were reduced(P<0.05),while the APC and Axin were increased(P<0.05)in the colon tissues of rats in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the inhibitor group. Conclusion:Herb cake-partitioned moxibustion regulated abnormally expressed KDM4D in CAC rats,activated APC and Axin,the upstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway,inhibited abnormally activated downstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.This may be a key mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion in inhibiting CAC tumor growth.

Radiation sensitive protein 23 (RAD23) is a nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein that plays an important role in Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). Schistosoma japonicum radiation sensitive protein23 (SjRAD23) cDNA sequences were amplified by PCR and cloned into pET28a (+) vector to construct recombinant expression plasmid pET28a(+)-SjRAD23. The recombinant protein was expressed as both inclusion bodies and the supernatant in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cell. Immunofluorescence observation shows that SjRAD23 was mainly distributed on the tegument surface of the worms. ELISA assay reveals that specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies could be detected in the sera of rSjRAD23 immunized mice. Western blotting analysis shows that the recombinant SjRAD23 could be recognized by serum specific to soluble adult worm antigen of S. japonicum. BALB/c mice vaccinated with rSjRAD23 combined with 206 adjuvant revealed 35.94% worm reduction and 40.59% liver egg reduction when compared with that of the adjuvant control
Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth ; blood ; Blotting, Western ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; Genetic Vectors ; Helminth Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Schistosoma japonicum ; genetics ; metabolism ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; prevention & control ; Vaccines ; immunology

With the rapid development and popularization of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching, its role in clinical medicine teaching is becoming more and more important. PBL teaching in the teaching of viral hepatitis is a new model of the clinical teaching exploration.This kind of teaching takes the student as the main body.The purpose of PBL teaching is to improve students' ability to solve clinical problems.PBL teaching not only stimulated the learning enthusiasm of the students in the teaching of viral hepatitis, but also improved the students' ability of independent thinking and scientific research innovation.

Objective The aim of this study is to combine Raman spectroscopy and machine learning techniques to distinguish subgin-gival plaques among three groups of subjects,including patients with chronic periodontitis(CP)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),patients with CP alone,and healthy controls.Methods The Raman spectra of the subgingival plaques from 20 patients with CP and T2DM(group A),23 patients with CP alone(group B),and 23 healthy controls(group C)were obtained using a portable Raman spec-trometer.Eight common machine learning algorithms were applied to build models to distinguish the Raman spectra of the three types of subgingival plaques.Results The model identified as optimal for distinguishing the three types of subgingival plaques was linear discri-minant analysis(LDA).The optimal model to distinguish groups A and B is LDA,groups A and C is extra trees(ET),and groups B and C group is LDA.Conclusion The proposed classification model based on Raman spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms can dis-tinguish subgingival plaques among patients with CP and T2DM,with CP alone,and healthy controls.This technique can be used in future clinical practice as a screening or diagnostic tool.

Currently, there are two kinds of academic degree and professional degree in viral hepatitis postgraduate degrees. This kind of trainingmethod cannot combine clinical thinking and scientific research thinking. The combination of good research thinking and clinical foundation is beneficial to talent cultivation. In the future, the training of viral hepatitis graduate students requires students to have a clinical basis, and also requires students to have rigorous research thinking.

With the development of cloud computing and artificial intelligence, as well as the popularity of smart phones, information-based and intelligent teaching becomes a new hotspot in the reform of teaching methods. This article made full use of the WeChat public account platform to assist the teaching of Cell Biology; constructed an interactive program including pre-course, in-class and after-class activities by optimizing the content and frequency of the articles, and adjusting the timing of posting the articles; then described how to apply the program to Cell Biology teaching, so as to constantly perfect it in practice. The results of questionnaire survey concluded that students were more willing to read the content of the article posted by the public account when it is presented as "picture + text", the frequency of the articles that meet the students' needs was considered appropriate and the article was popular and well-received if it was posted after class and related to the content of the class. After using Wechat public account in teaching, the teaching effect had been improved and the overall effect was relatively good. In the following courses, on the application of WeChat public account in teaching should be strongly promoted.