The effect of paracervical block in 30 nulliparas undergoing artificial abortion were com- pared. An electric stimulation was given to the cervix five minutes before anesthesia, three and twenty minutes after anesthesia. The value of stimulant voltages was recorded when patients felt pain. The pain threshold increased from 63.63 ? 18.26 volts of preanesthesia to 110.80? 17.27 volts of 3 minutes after paracervical block (P

We describe a modification of retrograde guided intubation. With the help of transcricothyroid high-frequence jet ventilation, we used the epidural catheter to pull and guide the tracheal tube down the larynx and trachea, The tests of blood gas of six patients were done at the time of preanaesthesia, intubation and ten minutes after intubation. PaO_2of preanaesthesia, intubation and ten minutes after intubation were 77.72?21.17mmHg; 207.4 ?96.24mmHg ( P

Objective To determine the role of adenosine A1 receptor system in the delayed protective effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC) in brain ischemia.Methods Thirty-five rabbits weighing 2-2.5kg were randomly divided into 7 groups: control (group Ⅰ), 3-min ischemia (group Ⅱ), 10-min ischemia (group Ⅲ), IPC (group Ⅳ), N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA)(group V), 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX)+ IPC(group Ⅵ), and DPCPX+3-min ischemia (group Ⅶ).Cerebral ischemia was produced by occlusion of both carotid arteries in combination withdrawing blood to maintain MAP at 35-40 mmHg.After 3-min IPC and 3 days of recovery , cerebral ischemia was induced and lasted 10 min (model of delayed protective effects of IPC). Adenosine A1 receptor agonist CPA or antagonist DPCPX was used instead of IPC to evaluate the role of adenosine A1 receptor in the delayed protective effects of IPC.The expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Neurons density and expression of HSP70 in the hippocampal CA1 region were examined and measured 3 days later.Results (1) CPA could reduce cerebral ischemic injury, but the effects of CPA were not as good as those of IPC (about 70% of IPC).After adenosine A1 receptors being blocked by DPCPX the delayed protective effects of IPC disappeared.(2) 3-min ischemia alone did not cause neuronal injury but induced obvious expression of HSP70.DPCPX not only could make 3-min ischemia cause injury but also reduce the expression of HSP70.Conclusions (1) The delayed protective effects of IPC is related with activation of adenosine A1 receptor system.(2) One of the mechanisms of the blocking effects of DPCPX may be due to the reduction in expression of HSP70 .

To investigate the relationship between the effects of arecoline hydrobromide on contraction of the smooth muscles in oncomelania foot, and explore the mechanism of arecoline hydrobromide in decreasing climbing adhesion and increasing snail－killing. 　Method: The in vitro experiment was used to observe the effects of arecoline hydrobromide on contraction activitive of foot smooth muscles of oncomelania. 　Results: With a concentration of 3×10-6mol*L-1, arecoline hydrobromide strengthened the contraction and increased the frequency of the contraction of the foot smooth muscles of oncomelania, which was antagonized by verapamil. The same concentration of arecoline hydrobromide enhanced the contraction of smooth muscles in Ringer's solution with ECTA but Ca2+, and this effect was antagonized by caffeine. The concentrations of 10－5 and 3×10－5mol*L-1 of arecolin hydrobromide blocked the effect of Bay K8644 in enhancing foot smooth muscle contraction, with a characteristic of concentration－dependence. 　Conclusion:Arecoline hydrobromide may block the calcium channel of the smooth muscles in oncomelania foot. This could provide an explanation why arecoline hydrobromide decreases the rate of oncomelania climbing adhesion and enhances snail－killing.

Objective To investigate the levels of immunoglobulins and complement in children with cerebral palsy. Methods 59 children with cerebral palsy were assessed with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, lgM, complements C3 and C4 were measured in the children with cerebral palsy and other 61 children without cerebral palsy (controls). Results The serum levels of IgG, IgA, lgM, complement C3 and C4 decreased significantly in the children with cerebral palsy compared with the controls (P<0.001). There was significant difference in the levels of IgG, IgM, and complement C4 among cerebral palsy children of different grades of GMFCS (P<0.05), but not in the levels of IgA and complement C3 (P>0.05). Conclusion There is humoral immune dysfunction in some children with cerebral palsy, which may associated with the severity of the disease.

Objective To evaluate the targeted killing of malignant melanoma cells by aclarubicin liposomes conjugated with vascular endothelial growth factor(ADM-VEGF-SSL)in vitro.Metheds To detect the binding abilitv of liposomes to malignant melanoma(MM)cells,the human malignant melanoma cell line A375 was cultured in the presence of ADM-VEGF-3H-SSL or ADM-3H-SSL for 2 days followed by the detection of radioactivity of these cells.Then.A375 cells were cultured with various concentrations(0.01,0.1,1,10,100 mol/L)of ADM-VEGF-SSL,ADM-SSL or free ADM for 48 hours in the 48-hour cytotoxity test,or for 0.5 hour followed by another 48-hour culture in drug-free medium in the 0.5-hour cytotoxity test.After that,MTT assay was used to detect the survival rate of these cells.Results ADM-VEGF-SSL could specifically bind to and kill A375 cells.The binding rate of ADM-VEGF-SSL was 2.15 folds as high as that of ADM-SSL.The survival rate of A375 cells after being treated with ADM-VEGF-SSL for 48 hour was similar to that with flee ADM(P＞0.05).but lower than that with ADM-SSL(P＜0.05),while the survival rate of melanocytes treated with ADM-VEGF-SSL was higher than that with free ADM or ADM-SSL(both P＜0.05).As shown by the 0.5-hour cytotoxity test.shortening the treatment course did not attenuate the effect of ADM-VEGF-SSL on A375 cells.Conclusions ADM-VEGF-SSL can specifically recognize A375 cells.efficiently deliver adriamycin into tumor cells,markedly inhibit the proliferation of A375 cells,and eventually,a targeted kill of these cells is realized.

Objective To observe the effects of low intensity electromagnetic fields (LIEMFs) in promoting the reconstruction of full skin loss wounds grafted with human epidermal stem cells (ESCs). Methods Fifty nude mice aged 7 to 8 weeks with full skin loss wounds were equally divided into 3 experimental subgroups ( 1 Hz, 10Hz and 50Hz) and two control groups (a cell suspension control group and a blank control group) , with ten mice each. In the 3 experimental subgroups and the cell suspension control group, ESCs separated from human foreskin and cultured in vitro were grafted to the wounds using collagen sponge scaffolds. The experimental subgroups were then stimulated with an LIEMF (magnetic field intensity 5mT) at the appropriate frequency for 30min/day for 15 days. The blank control group was put under the same conditions without the cell suspension and LIEMF. The healing rates of the wounds were observed, and tissue slices were stained and observed under a light microscope. The inner structure of the regenerating skin was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Results The ESCs were successfully grafted. A few human integrin β1 positive stained cells appeared in the regenerating skin. The average healing rates in the experimental subgroups were significantly superior to those of the control groups. Well differentiated epidermis and dermis could be seen in the regenerating skin in all of the experimental groups. The epidermis had more cell layers and was thicker than in the control groups. More desmosome, hemidesmosome and keratin filaments were seen among the epidemic cells of the experimental groups. Conclusions LIEMF promotes the healing of full skin loss wounds grafted with ESCs in nude mice, and can promote complete repair of skin defects and the regeneration of skin function.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum total bile acid level and coronary atherosclerosis. Methods The clinical data of 1408 patients who had underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into coronary atherosclerosis group (stenosis ≥ 50%, 681 cases) and coronary normal group (stenosis < 50%, 727 cases) according to the results of coronary angiography. The general clinical data, serum total bile acid, serum creatinine, fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and so on were compared between 2 groups, and the indexes analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results There were no significant differences between 2 groups in the sex constitution, the family history of hyperlipidemia and the history of lipid-lowering therapy (P>0.05). The rate of smoking, rate of hypertension, rate of diabetes, age, body mass index (BMI), creatinine, fasting plasma glucose, total bile acid and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in coronary atherosclerosis group were significantly higher than those in coronary normal group:18.6%(127/681) vs. 14.2%(103/727), 64.6%(440/681) vs. 45.8%(333/727), 48.5%(330/681) vs. 22.7%(165/727), (58.9 ± 12.2) years vs. (56.7 ± 13.1) years, (25.6 ± 4.3) kg/m2 vs. (24.9 ± 4.5) kg/m2, (70.28 ± 15.94)μmol/L vs. (52.79 ± 12.75)μmol/L, (6.82 ± 2.73) mmol/L vs. (5.57 ± 2.35) mmol/L, (7.86 ± 4.38)μmol/L vs. (5.63 ± 3.71)μmol/L and (3.32 ± 0.69) mmol/L vs. (2.28 ± 0.57) mmol/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05 or <0.01). The Spearman correlation analysis result showed that coronary atherosclerosis was positively correlated with men, age, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, serum creatinine and total bile acid (r=0.084, 0.068, 0.322, 0.263, 0.073, 0.248 and 0.176; P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that men, diabetes, hypertension, serum creatinine, BMI ( >24 kg/m2) and total bile acid levels were risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis (P<0.05 or<0.01). Conclusions The serum total bile acid level is positively correlated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, which may be one of the independent risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the relationship of symptoms of female gonococcal infections to Chlamydia trachomatis infection, serum sex hormone levels, etc. Methods A total of 136 gonorrhea female patients without obvious symptoms were recruited in this study together with 45 gonorrhea patients with obvious symptoms as the controls. Serum progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) levels were measured by radio immunoassay (RIA). Cervical swabs were obtained from the subjects and eluted into isotonic saline solution, the elution was divided into 2 portions and tested for the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β by ELISA and for the DNA of C. Trachomatis and N. Gonorrhea with PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS for Windows (version 12.0). Results There was no statistical correlation between C. Trachomatis infection and asymptomatic status of female gonococcal infection (χ2 = 0.016, P > 0.05). However, the decrease in the level of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly correlated with the increase in serum progestogen (r = -0.8798, -0.8935, respectively, both P < 0.01). Conclusion The high serum level of progesterone may be associated with the asymptomatic status of gonococcal infection.

Objective To evaluate the effects of progesterone on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-mediated inflammatory responses to gonococcal infection. Methods Peripheral neutrophils were isolated from heparinized peripheral blood obtained from normal individuals, then divided into 4 groups: progesterone group (pretreated with progesterone only), gonococcus group (stimulated with gonococcal suspension), intervention group (pretreated with progesterone followed by stimuation with gonococcal suspension), and control group (receiving no pretreatment or stimulation). Real-time RT-PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)in neutrophils from all groups at 0, 3, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the last treatment, and iNOS protein levels were measured by Western-blot in gonococcus group and intervention group. Results Real-time RT-PCR indicated that the expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA increased in gonococcus group and intervention group, and reached their peak at 8 hours in gonococcus group, while no significant changes were noted in the above parameters in progesterone group or control group. Also, the level of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA was lower in intervention group than that in the gonococcus group (P ＜ 0.05). Western blot showed an elevation in iNOS protein expression in both gonococcus group and intervention group, and the former group was higher than the latter group in the parameter (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Progesterone can downregulate the expressions of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1 β by PMNs, inhibit the PMN-induced inflammatory responses induced by gonococcal infection, which is likely to be associated with the asymptomatic gonococcal infection in women.