1 ? 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3(1? 25 (OH)2 D3)induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukaemia cells ( HL-60 ) into mature myeloid cells in vitro. The ratio of nuclei to cytoplasma decreased; Their nucleoli reduced; Cells became irrgular and extended the pseudopods. 1 ? 25 (OH ) 2 D3 caused significant increase of nitroblue tetrazolium ( NBT ) reduction and ?-non-specific acid esterase (?-NAE ) and acid phosphatase (ACP ) activities. These data and morphological characteristics suggest that HL-60 cells were conclusively identified as monocytes/macrophages. The histogram of DNA distribution ahylyzed by flow cytometry demonstrated G0 + G1 phase increased and S phase increased and S phase decreased remarkably after treatment with l?, 25 ( OH ) 2 D3 as compared with untreated cells.

Objective To explore the effects of acute hypoxia on the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the rat hypothalamus. Methods A total of 78 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 13 groups ( n =6 in each group): control group and 12 experimental groups. Rats in the experimental groups were exposed to hypoxia in the hypobaric chamber simulating the altitudes of 3 000, 4 000, 5 000, and 6 000 m for 1, 2, and 3 d, respectively. The expression of NPY mRNA in the rat hypothalamus under the condition of acute hypoxia was detected by semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results ① Expression of NPY mRNA was detected in the rat hypothalamus in the experimental groups and the control group. ② Under the condition of acute hypoxia for the same time, the expression of NPY mRNA in the rat hypothalamus showed the tendency of decrease at increasing altitudes; ③ At the same altitude, expression of NPY mRNA in the rat hypothalamus decreased gradually with the increasing time for acute hypoxia. Conclusion Acute hypoxia can decrease the expression of NPY mRNA in the rat hypothalamus.

Objective To describe the psychological experience of the patients with end-stage cardiopathy in China. Methods Phenomenology method was used in the study. Fifteen end stage cardiopathy patients received a non-structured interview. Results Four themes were extracted including heavy psychological burden about the disease and the selection of treatment options; complex psychological responses to families and relatives; wishing of social support;lose heart to personal future and prospects. Conclusions The patients on the end stage cardiopathy have complicated and intensive psychological responses. Medical staff should focus on the emotional of these patients, and provide effective strategies to promote patients'physical and psychological rehabilitation.

Objective To explore the effect of group management mode on compliance of pelvic floor function exercise for patients with post partum urinary incontinence (PPUI). Methods A total of 80 cases of patients with PPUI were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. Patients in the control group received one-to-one routine health guidance. Patients in the observation group received group management mode including special subject teaching guidance, induction and communication between patients. Three months after the intervention, two groups of patients were evaluated at six months after postpartum by the pelvic floor muscle strength, one-hour urine pad test and pelvic floor muscle function exercise compliance. Results Six months after postpartum, the cure rate of the pelvic floor muscle strength was 100%(40/40) for typeⅠmuscle, 100%(40/40) for typeⅡmuscle in the observation group. In the control group, the cure rate for typeⅠmuscle was 70%(28/40) and 65%(26/40) for type Ⅱmuscle. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (χ2=14.118, 16.970, P=0.000). The total effective rate of urinary incontinence was 100.0%(40/40) in the observation group, 67.5% (16/40) in the control group, and there was statistical significance (χ2=25.232, P=0.000). Evaluation of the compliance of pelvic floor function exercise showed that the rates were 72.5% (29/40) for complete compliance, 27.5%(11/40) for incomplete compliance and 0 for total non-compliance in the observation group. In the control group, these rates were 2.5%(1/40), 55.0%(22/40), 42.5%(17/40). And there was statistical significance as well (χ2=54.847, P=0.000). Conclusions Group management mode can improve the compliance of pelvic floor muscle function exercise and the strength of pelvic floor muscle, and improve the degree of urinary incontinence in postpartum patients with urinary incontinence.

Objective To elucidate the etiology feature of viral infection in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infection. Methods A total of 5 480 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection, hospitalized from September 2007 to September 2009, were studied. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were screened for 8 types of viruses by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) assay. Results At least one type of viral pathogen was detected in 2 710 out of 5 480 patients and the overall positive rate was 49.5%. The most common virus was RSV (51.1%), followed by hMPV (18.9%), PIVⅢ (12.5%), ADV (7.1%), IFA (4.7%), IFB (2.9%), PIV Ⅰ (1.5%) and PIV Ⅱ (1.2%). The positive rate was highest in children under 6 months (43.5%). The seasonal change of RSV, hMPV was more obvious. The peak of RSV, hMPV appeared in the winter and the spring. The prevalence of viral infection in children with pneumonia, bronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis, non asthmatic bronchitis and asthma were 47.4%、63.6%、 50.5%、 30.1% and 43.5% respectively. Conclusions Viruses are the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, especially in infants and young children. RSV and hMPV were the most common viruses in these years.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of strain ratio in differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors,compared with the evaluation based on elastography scores.Methods Elastography examinations were performed in 67 patients with 92 thyroid tumors.Ultrasonic elastograms were evaluated according to the four- and five-score system respectively.Strain ratio of the tumor and the surrounding tissue was also calculated.Clinical value of the three evaluations was compared with pathological findings as the reference standard.Results The area under the curve:0.885 for the four-score,0.904 for the five-score,0.961 for the strain ratio.When a cutoff point of 3 was used,four-score and five-score showed a sensitivity of 78.0%,a specificity of 86.3%,an accuracy of 82.6% and a sensitivity of 80.5%,a specificity of 88.2%,an accuracy of 84.8%,respectively.When a cutoff point of 3.57 was introduced,the strain ratio had 92.7% sensitivity,92.2% specificity,92.4% accuracy.Conclusions Strain ratio was more helpful in diagnostic performance of thyroid tumors as a new semi-quantitative method than elastography scores.

Clinical studies show that melatonin has a unique biochemical characteristics. This article reviewed the specific role of melatonin in the region, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, calcium antagonistic effect of melatonin treatment of the aspects of the effectiveness of spinal cord injury, and medication for a brief description.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on poststroke dysphagia.Methods A total of 90 patients with poststroke dysphagia were enrolled.They were randomly divided into either a NMES + rTMS group or a NMES + sham rTMS group (n =45 in each group).The Kuhota water drinking test and Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) were used to assess the swallowing function.Results The scores of Kuhota water drinking test (F=82.001,P＜0.001) and the SSA (F =33.743,P ＜0.001) before treatment,treatment of one course,treatment of two courses,and at 3 months after treatment in the NMES + rTMS group had significant differences.Compared with before treatment,they were improved significantly for treatment of one course (P ＜0.01 and P ＜0.05,respectively),two courses (all P＜0.01),and at 3 months (all P＜0.01) after treatment.The scores of Kuhota water drinking test (F =53.647,P＜0.001) and the SSA (F=19.178,P＜0.001) in the NMES + sham rTMS group also had significant difference.Compared with before treatment,they had significant improvement for treatment of one course (all P ＜0.05),two courses (P ＜0.05 and P ＜0.01,respectively) and at 3 months (all P＜0.01)after treatment.The scores of Kuhota water drinking test for treatment of one course,two courses,and at 3 months after treatment (treatment of one course:t=2.217,P=0.02;treatment of two courses:t =2.406,P =0.019;at 3 months after treatment:t =2.128,P =0.037) and the SSA (treatment of one course:t =2.196,P =0.030,treatment of two courses:t =2.425,P =0.016;at 3 months after treatment:t =2.512,P=0.013) in the NMES + rTMS group were significantly better than those in the NMES + sham rTMS group.Conclusions High-frequency rTMS combined with NMES may significantly improve the swallowing function in patients with stroke.Its efficacy is superior to NMES.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and the application of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of children with bronchiectasis.Methods All cases with bronchiectasis were collected from in-patient department of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from December 2011 to November 2015.Clinical manifestations,results of bronchoscopy examination were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of the 33 children,32 cases (97.0％) had chronic cough and sputum.Lung infection was the main cause (50％,16/33 cases).High resolution CT showed signet ring sign and/or double-track sign in lungs,and bronchiectatic lesions were most commonly found in the lower lobes (60.6％).Eighteen cases underwent bronchoscope ciliary biopsy,and the number of cilia decrease was found in 2 cases,and cilia ultrastructure abnormalities were found in 6 cases,with 2 cases diagnosed as Kartagener syndrome.The treatment included the following:treatment of the underlying disease,aggressive treatment of infections,promotion of mucociliary clearance,and bronchoscopy.The symptoms of the most patients were relieved through the symptomatic treatment.Follow-ups after discharge,showed that 15 cases had a slight cough without obvious sputum,11 cases with recurrent lung infections,regular bronchoscope lavage treatment;4 cases underwent surgical lung resection and recovered well postoperative,and 2 cases died.Conclusion The bronchoscopy should be performed early in the children with bronchiectasis,which can clearly detect pathogens and causes,so as to undertake lavage treatment to improve clinical symptoms.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA),and inhibitors for vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) and the expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase (TpH) mRNA,dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DβH) mRNA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in PC12 cells.Methods The cell viability was determined using MTT assay, the density of 5-HT, NE and DA was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the expressions of TpHmRNA,DβHmRNA and THmRNA were detected using RT-PCR in PC12 cells at different time points (0,12,24,36,48 h )after exposure to different concentrations of 6-OHDA(25,50,100,200 μmol/L),and VMAT inhibitors,reserpine (50,100,400,1600 nmol/L),which combined with 6-OHDA( 100 μmol/L).Results (1)The cell viability declined with the increasing concentration of 6-OHDA which showed time dependence.The cell viability in PC12 cell which treated with reserpine decreased significantly in the responding group.The density of 5-HT in PC12 cell did not decrease with the increasing concentration of 6-OHDA,but the change had the time dependence,and the density of 5-HT was lowest at 36 h.The density of NE decreased with the increasing concentration of 6-OHDA which showed time dependence. The density of DA in PC12 cell decreased with the increasing concentration of 6-OHDA,but the change did not have the time dependence.The density of 5-HT,NE and DA in PC12 cell which treated with reserpine decreased significantly in the responding group. (2) The expressions of TpHmRNA, DβHmRNA and THmRNA in PC12 cell decreased with the increasing concentration of 6-OHDA which showed time dependence.The expressions of TpHmRNA(0.006 ± 0.001,0.003 ± 0.000,0.003 ± 0.000,0.002 ± 0.000) ; DβHmRNA (0.005 ± 0.002,0.003 ± 0.001,0.002 ±0.001,0.001 ± 0.000) and THm RNA (0.005 ± 0.002,0.003 ± 0.001,0.002 ± 0.001,0.001 ± 0.000) in PC12 cell which treated with reserpine decreased significantly in the responding group(F =13.336,9.000,9.393,all P =0.000).Conclusions6-OHDA can decrease the cell viability in PC12 cell,reduce the density of 5-HT,NE and DA and decrease the expressions of TpHmRNA,DβHmRNA and THmRNA,and the effects have dose and time dependence.Reserpine can aggravate this damage.