Abstract: Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne illnesses remain one of the major public threats which is intensified by the emergence and resurgence of new and existing vector species. Mosquito control is often the only sustainable measure to combat mosquito-borne diseases due to lack or limitation in vaccinations and/or effective medications. Among mosquito control interventions, larviciding to target aquatic habitats is more cost-effective and feasible as opposite to adulticiding which focuses on air-borne adult stages. The available mosquito larvicides are at a historical low owing to numerous reasons. Currently, available larvicides are based on microbial agents, insect growth regulators (IGRs), and a few others of botanical origins. In the IGR arena, juvenile hormone mimics have drawn a lot of attention in research, development, and application. Pyriproxyfen (PPF) was first developed in the early 1970s by Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. (SCC). Its great potential and safety profile to control a wide variety of arthropod pests have been recognized ever since. The current review provides general information and highlights the following advantages of PPF: unique mode of action to mimic the action of natural juvenile hormone (JH) in mosquitoes, broad target spectrum against many mosquito species, the highest bioactivity against mosquitoes as compared with all other known or potential mosquito larvicides, low risk in resistance development and lack of cross-resistance with other larvicides studied, and high activity against species in Stegomyia group. Recently, more potential uses of PPF against adult mosquitoes in bait, barrier treatment, and bed net treatment have been on the horizon. Environmental concerns about PPF residues and their metabolites are also discussed. In general, PPF is one of the critical tools in combating mosquito species of public health importance for now and the foreseeable future.

Objective To study the component and dose of polysaccharides compound and its inhibitive effect on the growth of S180 tumor.Methods Proliferative activity of splenolymphocytes was observed to study the component and dose of polysaccharides compound with MTT method. Mice bearing in-vivo transplanted tumor were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of polysaccharides compound.Results Polysaccharides compound, composed of lentinan100 mg/kg, agruecus blazei murill 200mg/kg and pachman 50 mg/kg,improved the activity of splenolymphocytes. Polysaccharides compound had an inhibitory effect on the growth of S180 tumor.Conclusion Polysaccharides compound with appropriate component in proper dose has synergistic immune actions and can inhibit the growth of S180 tumor.

Cloud point extraction(CPE) utilizing a cationic surfactant, tricaprylmethylammonium chloride(Aliquat 336), was carried out to separate and concentrate bisphenol A(BPA) from aqueous media. Cloud point phase separation of Aliquat 336 at room temperature(about 25 ℃) was induced by the addition of Na_2SO_4. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Aliquat-336 and Na_2SO_4, pH, and equilibration time were evaluated. The results showed that the extraction efficiency was practically constant in the studied range of Aliquat 336, co-solvent(methanol), pH and dissolved organic matters. At the operational CPE conditions, distribution constant, K_D, of the distribution of BPA between the surfactant-rich and aqueous phases of the CPE system was estimated to be 10~4. Coupled to liquid chromatography with UV detection, the CPE method offered a detection limit of 0.34 μg/L in distilled water and recovery of BPA ranged from 90% to 108.6% with a sample volume of 50 mL in three matrices studied. The high extraction efficiency might be due to combination of ion-pair, hydrophobic effects and cation-π interaction, based on the micelles' size distribution and zeta potential analysis.

To report a case of an adult male with a huge cavernous hemangioma arising from the nasal septum, and the lesion was widely spread to hard palate, sphenoid sinus, ethmoid sinus and right maxillary sinus. After giving embolization, it was completely excised via transnasal endoscopic approach and lateral rhinotomy, histologic examination reported cavernous hemangioma. There was no recurrence at 1 year's follow-up.
Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Septum ; Nose Neoplasms

Human myiasis is caused by the parasitic maggots of flies. We report a case of nasal myiasis in a 37-year-old woman in Henan. The patient presented with nasal foreign-body sensation, nansal itching sneezing, snuffle and such allergic symptoms in nasal cavity. Based on maggots that were bowed from the right nasal cavity, a detailed endoscopic examination, sinus CT scan and identification of the maggot's species done by parapsychologists of the parasitology teaching and reseach section of the Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, the diagnosis of human nasal infestation by oestrus ovis was definited.
Adult ; Animals ; Diptera ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Larva ; Myiasis ; diagnosis ; Nose ; parasitology ; Nose Diseases ; parasitology

Objective To assess the volume of epicardial adipose tissue(EAT) and intrathoracic adipose tissue(IAT) and the correlation of EAT,IAT and the EAT/IAT ratio with the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS) and coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Ninty-seven MS subjects without coronary atherosclerosis and one hundred and eighteen MS subjects with CHD were enrolled in this study.The volumes of EAT,PAT and IAT were measured using axial data from base to apex traced manually with a dedicated semiautomatic software program-volume.Results (1)Compared with MS subjects without coronary atherosclerosis,MS subjects with CHD had significantly increased age[(60.6± 1 1.4)years vs.(57.9 ± 8.7) years,P=0.001],positive family history of cardiovascular disease(29.7％ vs.21.6％,P=0.03),EAT[(98.3±41.4) cm3 vs.(82.2±39.7) cm3,P=0.001],IAT [(171.3±64.1) cm3 vs.(156.2±48.1) cm3,P=0.001] and HbA1c[(7.1 ± 1.8)％ vs.(6.6±2.3)％,P=0.02],but siginificantly reduced total cholesterol[TC,(4.9 ± 1.2)mmol/L vs.(5.4 ± 1.0) mmol/L,P=0.003],low-density lipoprotein cholesterol[LDL-C,(3.0±1.1) mmol/L vs.(3.6±1.0) mmol/L,P=0.03] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol[HDL-C,(1.0 ± 0.4) mmol/L vs.(1.1 ± 0.3) mmol/L,P=0.04].(2) In MS subjects without coronary atherosclerosis,the volumes of EAT,pericardial adipose tissue(PAT) and IAT were associated with gender,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia(all P＜0.05); however,in MS subjects with CHD,the volumes of EAT,PAT and IAT were associated with BMI and WC (both P＜0.05).(3) The volumes of EAT and IAT were correlated with calcification grades(r values were 0.45 and 0.50,P values were 0.017 and 0.013,respectively) and Gensini score(r values were 0.476 and 0.563,P values were 0.015 and 0.017,respectively) instead of coronary artery calcifacation score(CACS).Moreover,the EAT/IAT ratio was negatively correlated with CACS(r=-0.321,P=0.028).Conclusions Compared with MS subjects without coronary atherosclerosis,MS subjects with CHD have significantly increased EAT and IAT volumes.In our subjects,the volumes of EAT,PAT and IAT were associated with BMI and WC.Only in MS subjects with CHD,the volumes of EAT and IAT were correlated with caleification and Gensini score.

AIM: To approach the antiobesity action and mechanisms of the daidzein derivative: LRXH609(LRX).METHODS: The body weight,Lee′s index,total weight of celiac fat tissue,food intake,serum glucose and lipids in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet were measured and the antiobesity action was tested after LRX was administered for 30 days.3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced by in vitro culture,the effects of LRX on cell proliferation,lipogenesis,lipolysis were observed.RESULTS: The body weight,Lee′s index,fat tissue weight in obese rats were significantly decreased by LRX,and the concentrations of TC,FFA in serum were decreased,the proliferation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was inhibited,the activities of hormone sensitive lipase in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were significantly elevated,the glycerine release from adipocytes was promoted and the concentrations of TG in adipocytes were decreased.CONCLUSION: LRX plays a role in antiobesity action and regulating blood lipid and the mechanism might be related to inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes,stimulating TG decomposition by activating hormone-sensitive lipase and decreasing the TG storage in adipocyte.

Serum creatinine was determined by enzymatic method.99mTc-GFR was measured by 99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal imaging and considered as GFR marker in 210 males and 180 females with type 2 diabetes,eGFR was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula,MDRD equation7,abbreviated MDRD equation,modified MDRD equation for Chinese (c-7GFR4 and c-aGFR4),and CKD-EPI equation.They were analyzed by correlation,regression,Bland-Altman analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.The correlation coefficients for Cockcroft-Gault formula,MDRD equation7,abbreviated MDRD equation,c-7GFR4,c-aGFR4,and CKD-EPI equation were 0.79,0.76,0.77,0.76,0.76,0.81 respectively.And the differences were-14.99,-18.85,-23.79,-25.85,-32.07,and-7.16,respectively.The area under ROC curves were 0.91,0.88,0.89,0.88,0.90,and 0.92,respeetively.Kappa values were 0.67、0.52、0.39、0.49、0.46、0.54respectively.The CKD-EPI equation seams to be the most accurate measurement among the six methods when the serum creatinine was determined by enzymatic method in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: Insertion of a foreign body in the nasal cavity is a very common incident in children. It is easily diagnosed, but the type of foreign body varies and the extraction can sometimes be difficult with risk of complications. The present study reported nasal foreign bodies diagnosed in emergency in our ENT department, with an update on the state of knowledge. METHOD: A prospective study between Feb 2013 to Sept 2015 included patients admitted to the ENT emergency unit for nasal foreign body. Data comprised age, gender, circumstances of discovery, symptoms, type of foreign body, extraction method and complications. Many patients required anterior rhinoscope for the diagnosis and removal (179/249, 71. 9%), and 170 cases were directly removed and 9 cases were into alimentary canal; Most irregularly shaped objects were removed by a endoscope under general anesthesia (70/249, 28.1%), including button batteries (n= 65), nasal calculi (n = 2) and chopsticks (n = 3). RESULT The main types of foreign body were vegetal forms (61.8%). The incident was discovered following nasal symptoms in 24.9% (n = 62). Extraction was easy by using forceps, micro-hooks or suction in 71.9% of qn:Nasal sinuses foreign body on prevention, detailed history and make the necessary inspection, can improve the correct diagnostic rate.
Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Electric Power Supplies ; Endoscopy ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Suction ; Surgical Instruments

Objective To investigate the changes in tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) in the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to investigate if that 2 inflammatory factors is associated with hypoxemia during sleep.Methods Fiftyfour patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized for glycemic control were subgrouped into 27 patients with OSAS (group O) and 27 patients without OSAS (group N).26 people without diabetes and OSAS were selected from a health check-up program to serve as control group (group C).Serum TNF-α and PAI levels were measured by commercial ELISA kits.Apnea hypopnea index (AHI),the lowest pulse oxygen saturation (LSpO2) at night were detected by portable sleep monitor.The relativity regarding TNF-α,PAI,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR),fasting blood glucose(FBG),AHI,LSpO2,and age was discussed.TNF-α and PAI were regard as dependent variables,and FBG,HOMA-IR,AHI,LSpO2,and age as independent variables in multivariate stepwise linear analysis.Results The levels of HOMA-IR,TNF-α,PAI in group O [2.69 ± 1.53,(1.97 ±0.13) ng/ml,and (2.27 ± 0.85) ng/ml] were higher than the those in other 2 groups,and those in group N [1.70 ± 0.88,(1.09 ±0.29) ng/ml,and (1.59 ± 0.13) ng/ml] were higher than group C [1.15 ± 0.67,(0.73 ± 0.19) ng/ml,and (0.89 ±0.25) ng/ml].The levels of FBG in the 2 diabetic groups were higher than those in group C.The level of AHI in group O was higher than that in group N and group C,while LSpO2 in group O was lower than that in group N and group C.Spearman univariate analysis showed that TNF-α and PAl both were associated positively with HOMA-IR,FBG,and AHI,while negatively with LSpO2.Multivariate stepwise linear analysis denoted that TNF-α was independently associated with AHI,FBG,while PAI was independently associated with AHI and HOMA-IR.Conclusions Patients with diabetes and OSAS manifest raised level of chronic inflammatory activity,and therefore,OSAS might be implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic complication of patients with type 2 diabetes.