OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of Xiaoer jiegan granules with Ribavirin in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection. METHODS:98 patients with upper respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into obser-vation group and control group with 49 cases in each group. Control group was given Ribavirin injection for routine upper respiratory tract antiviral therapy,10-15 mg/kg,added into 5% Glucose injection 250 ml,ivgtt,qd. Observation group was given Xiaoer jiegan granules,1g/time for 1-3 year-old children,2g/time for 4-6 year-old children and 3 g/time for 7-9 year-old,tid. A treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 5 days,both received 2 courses of treatment. Clinical efficacy,cough and other symptoms score,ADR were ob-served in 2 groups. RESULTS:The effective rate of observation group (97.96%) was higher than that of control group (87.76%), with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the scores of fever and cough and other symptoms between 2 groups,with statistical significance(P>0.05);after treatment, the scores of fever and cough and other symp-toms in observation group were lower than in control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of ADR in the ob-servation group(6.12%)was significantly lower than in control group(22.45%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Xiaoer jiegan granule with Ribavirin is effective in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract virus infection,and can im-prove fever,cough and other clinical symptoms,so as to promote better conditions and reduce the occurrence of ADR.

This paper introduces the technical progress of the emission computed tomography (ECT) device in these years. As the latest technical advance and applications in nuclear medicine imaging, the features, performances and applications of CTs of dual-head coincidence (DHC) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission computed tomography (PET) are discussed.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on lung compliance and oxygenation index during one lung ventilation( OLV) . Methods In this study, sixty patients, ASAⅠorⅡ, scheduled for pul-monary surgeries were enrolled, and randomly divided into two groups:sevoflurane preconditioning group(n=30) and total intravenous group( n=30 ) . For preconditioning, patients in sevoflurane preconditioning group were ad-ministrated with one minimal alveolar concentration(1MAC) sevoflurane for 30 min after general anesthesia induc-tion and then followed with total intravenous anesthesia. While in total intravenous group, only intravenous anes-thetic agents were administrated for maintenane of anesthesia after induction. The indexes of hemodynamics, pulse oximeter( SpO2 ) , plateau pressure( Pplat) and lung compliance( Cdyn) were recorded at the following time points:before anesthesia( T0 ) , after anesthesia induction at laternal position TLV 30 min( T1 ) ,30 min after OLV( T2 ) , 60 min after OLV( T3 ) and recovering TLV 20 min( T4 ) . Arterial blood samples were taken to measure partial pressure of carbon dioxide( PaCO2 ) , partial pressure of oxygen( PaO2 ) , pH, oxygenation index( PaO2/FiO2 ) at the follow-ing time points: T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 . Results Compared with T1 , the oxygenation index and lung compliance de-creased significantly at T2 ,T3 ( P<0. 05 ); compared with total intravenous group, the lung compliance was obvi-ously higher than that in sevoflurane preconditioning group at T2,T3(P<0. 05). There were no significantly differ-ences in the oxygenation index between total intravenous group and sevoflurane preconditioning group at all time points. Conclusion Compared with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol , sevoflurane preconditioning can im-prove lung compliance, but does not make contribute to improve oxygenation index.

Objective To investigate the role and implication of Engrailed-2 (EN2) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the effect of silencing EN2 genes on the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells by RNA interference.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EN2 in the HCC tissues and corresponding non-cancerous adjacent liver tissues in 126 patients with HCC.The expressions of EN2 and the relationship between EN2 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed using the Chi-square test.The survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method and the survival was analyzed using the log-rank test.EN2-small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into HepG2 cell lines mediated by LipofectamineTM 2000,and the expression of EN2 were detected by Western blotting assay.The cell proliferation and invasion were measured by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and Transwell assays.Results EN2 positive expression rate was high (62.7％) in HCC tissue but low in the corresponding peritumoral tissue (23.5％,P ＜ 0.01).The high expression of EN2 was strongly correlated with tumor size,metastasis and AJCC TNM stage.The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 33.9％ in the low EN2 expression group,whereas it was 5.1％ in the high EN2 expression group (P ＜ 0.01).Expression of EN2 in EN2 siRNA group was significantly lower than that in control siRNA group and control group (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The cell proliferation and invasion ability were significantly reduced in the EN2 siRNA group.Conclusion The expression of EN2 is highly up-regulated in HCC tissues and down-regulation of EN2 could inhibit proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells,which indicating that EN2 is involved in the process of HCC carcinogenesis and progression and may serve as a biomarker for predicting prognosis of HCC patients.

Objective To systematically analyze and assess the risk of venous thromboembolism in the patients with rheuma‐toid arthritis(RA) .Methods The related literatures on the venous thromboembolism occurrence in the patients with RA published at home and abroad were performed the electronic retrieval .The obtained data were analyzed by adopting the RevMan5 .1 software . The data unable to merge were analyzed by adopting the descriptive analysis method .Results A total of 10 related papers were in‐cluded .The 3 indicators of venous thromboembolism occurrence rate ,deep vein thrombosis occurrence rate and pulmonary thrombo‐embolism occurrence rate were performed the meta analysis .The RR and 95% CI of the occurrence rates of venous thromboembo‐lism ,deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism were 2 .00(1 .71 ,2 .33) ,2 .31(1 .84 ,2 .90) ,2 .25(2 .23 ,2 .28) respec‐tively .Conclusion The risk degree of venous thromboembolism occurrence in the RA patients is higher than that in the non‐RA pa‐tients .

Rehabilitation therapeutics has been put in practice in China. The setting of clinical course needs to be further explored. Thispaper summed up the past experience of diagnostic teaching by questionnaire for students to guide future teaching.

Objective To discuss the application of transanal placement of ileus tube in treatment of colonic obstruction in left colorectal cancer.Methods Thirty-two patients with left malignant colorectal obstruction were divided into ordinary colonoscope group (16 cases) and superslim endoscope group (16 cases) by random digits table.The catheter success rate,catheter operating time and exposure to X-ray time was compared between two groups.Results Fifteen cases were successful and 1 case was failed in ordinary colonoscope group.Thirteen cases were successful and 3 cases were failed in superslim endoscope group.There was no significant difference in the catheter success rate between two groups (x2 =1.143,P =0.285).The catheter operating time was (42 + 15),(20 +6) min in ordinary colonoscope group and superslim endoscope group,and there was significant difference between two groups (t =3.895,P =0.005).The exposure to X-ray time was (20 + 12),(5 + 2) min,and there was significant difference between two groups (t =-3.596,P =0.007).Conclusion Transanal placement of ileus tube is more successful and convenient by superslim endoscope combined with anesthesia than by ordinary colonoscope.

Objective To prepare the Fe3O4 loaded polymer microspheres(Fe3O4/PLGA),and to investigate the influence of Fe3O4/PLGA combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on rabbits bearing breast tumor.Methods Double emulsion method were utilized to prepare the Fe3O4/PLGA.14 days after implantation of VX2 tumor in breast,32 rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups.In group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ,the rabbits received a percutaneous injection of 0.5 ml saline,PLGA,and Fe3O4/PLGA microcapsules solution into breast tumor at 3,6,9,12 dots,about 3 mm around the tumor respectively,and massaged for 1 min before receiving HIFU ablation,while HIFU group received HIFU ablation only.HIFU ablation parameters were the same:ablated-dot mode,acoustic power 150 W,exposure duration 5 s.After HIFU ablation,the volume of coagulative necrosis was calculated,HE staining,TEM and immunohistochemical examination of PCNA were performed to detect the structure changes of the targeted tissue caused by HIFU ablation.Results The volume of coagulative necrosis caused by HIFU ablation was substantially larger and the positive index of PCNA was lower in the necrotic region after the injection of Fe3O4/PLGA microcapsules compared to the group without injection agents,the group of saline and the group of pure PLGA microspheres under the same irritation(P ＜0.05).Pathological examination demonstrated the targeted tissue was destroyed severely,Fe3O4 nanoparticles were seen depositing in residual tumor cells under TEM.Conclusions The self-made Fe3O4/PLGA microspheres can effectively enhanced the biomedical effect of HIFU surgery on rabbits bearing VX2 breast tumor.

ObjectiveTo study the optimal power of self-made polymeric microcapsules with liquid perfluorocarbon enhancing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of normal bovine in vitro and the treatment efficacy of HIFU ablation of normal rabbit liver in vivo.Methods The experiment was divided into two parts:the first part was HIFU ablation of bovine in vitro:The bovine was injected different drugs before HIFU ablation to find the optimal power and treatment time.It was divided into four groups:①HIFU + 0.9％ NaCl(NACL) group; (② HIFU + poly( lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) group; ③ HIFU + perfluorohexane(PFH) group; ④ HIFU + PLGA + PFH group; The second part was HIFU ablation of normal rabbit liver.Similarly,It was also divided into four groups as above.Each group was undergone HIFU ablation with same parameters after ear vein injection of drug.Then the ultrasonographic changes and its value,and the actual situation of liver damage in target areas of each group were observed and compared before and after the ablation area.ResultsIn experiments of vitro bovine,gray scale changes and coagulation necrosis could be seen in the liver in group 2,3,4 with HIFU power of 150 W and treatment time of 2 s.In experiment of normal rabbit liver,the average gray-scale of group 3 and 4 were larger than that in group 1 and 2,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.001),and its gray change area gradually reduced with time elapsed.While there was no statistically significant difference between group 3 and 4 ( P ＞0.05).In pathological specimens,there was no significant liver damage in group 1 and 2.There was hemorrhagic necrosis and white coagulation necrosis in group 3 and 4.Conclusions The polymeric microcapsules with liquid perfluorocarbon can effectively enhance the efficacy of HIFU ablation and be used as a good synergist for HIFU.

Objective To explore the value of color doppler ultrasound in infants with hypothyroidism between 0 to 3 years old before and after treatment .Methods The normal infants ,whose thyroids were examined by two‐dimensional ultrasound and were used by color doppler ultrasound ,were used as control group .The clinically diagnosed infants with transient hyperthyroidism or permanent hyperthyroidism were used as experimental group .The thyroids were examined by multiple ultrasonography before and after the treatment respectively in different periods .The measured values of thyroids were compared each other .Results In in‐fants with transient hyperthyroidism ,the major ultrasonographic findings were atrophy of thyroids before the treatment .Most of these thyroids enlarged ,and a small part of them recovered after the treatment .In infants with permanent hyperthyroidism ,the pri‐mary finding was thyroid agenesis ,and followed by atrophied before the treatment .The thyroid agenesis exist in most cases and few cases recover with normal values after the treatment .Conclusion Color doppler ultrasound can indirectly reflect the thyroid devel‐opment situation in infants .Combined with the advantages of non traumatic and high repeatability ,it can be used as an important auxiliary examination method for clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism in infants .