This paper summarizes the positive significance of non-profit private hospitals development , and an-alyzes the institutional obstacles on the development of non-profit private hospitals in terms of autonomous manage-ment, fair competition, investment and profit , tax relief, management and supervision .Finally, the paper provides some proposals to improve the development of non-profit private hospitals:revising the medical institution regulation , establishing and improving the non-profit private hospital assets finance management system , implementing the opera-tion system, establishing a scientific and standardized supervision mechanism , etc.

Objective To study the effects of Lipoxins A4(LXA4)on the expressions of aquaporin(AQP)1,3,5 in type Ⅱ pneumonocytes(ATⅡ)of rat treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Method One pathogenfree male Spree Dawley(SD)rat every time.weighing 200～250 g,were used for the study.The typeⅡpenumonocytes of rats were isolated and purified,and the changes of cellular ultrastructure were observed by electron microscope in order to get the purity quotien＞90%.The type Ⅱ pneumonocytes were divided randomly into five groups,namely,vebicukun group(alcohol 0.7μL/mL),control group,LXA4 group(1×10-7mol/mL),endotoxin group(LPS 1μg/mL)and LXA4+LPS group(LXA4 1×10-7mol/mL,LPS 1μg/mL).AQP-1,3,5 mRNA of in the typeⅡpenumonocytes were assayed by using reversal transcription poly chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the expressions of AQP-1,3,5 protein were detected by using.immunohistochemistry(IHC).One each specimen,these tests were repeated for six times.ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results RT-PCR and IHC showed that when AT Ⅱ treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 4 hours,the AQP-1,3,5 mRNA and the expressions of AQP-1,3,5 protein were significantly decreased in LPS group compared with control group(P＜0.01).However,the AQP-1,3,5 mRNA and the expressions of AQP-1,3,5 protein after application of LXA4 significandy increased in LPS+LXA4 group in comparison with LPS group(LPS+LXA4,AQP1:0.647±0.132,AQP3:0.900±0.856,AQP5:0.879±0.058;LPS,AQP1:0.297±0.133,AQP3:0.512±0.113,AQP5:0.647±0.110;P＜0.01).The AQP-1,3,5 mRNA and the expressions of AQP-1,3,5 protein were aignificandy increased in LXA4 group in comparison with control group(LXA4,AQP1:0.539±0.142,AQP3:0.818 4-0.176,AQP5:0.841±0.066;Blank Control,AQP1:0.518±0.139;AQP3:0.138±0.136,AQP5:0.766±0.066;P＜0.01).Conclusions AQP-1,3,5 exist in typeⅡpenumonoeyte of rata,and the LXA4 can up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP-1,3,5 in Type Ⅱ penumonocytes of rats treated with LPS.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human granulocyte colonystimulating factor(G-CSF) on murine thymic emigration and subsets reconstitution after a sublethal dose of irradiaton.Methods Female BALB/c mice were irradiated with a 6.0 Gy of γ-ray total-body irradiation and then randomly divided into GCSF group and control group.For mice in the GCSF group,recombinant human G-CSF 100 μg · kg-1 · d-1 was injected subcutaneously once daily for 14 continuous days and mice in the control group were given the same volume of phosphate buffered solution (PBS).At 7,14,21 and 28 days later,mice were killed and thymus mononuclear cell suspension were analyzed by flow cytometry for the percentage of the four stages of thymic CD4 -CD8 - double negative cells (DN1-4) and the CD4 + CD8 + double positive ( CD4 + CD8 + DP),CD4 + CD8 - single positive ( CD4 + SP),CD4 -CD8 + single positive cells (CD8 + SP).Real-time PCR was used for detection and quantitation of murine T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles(sjTRECs) of the thymic cells of 30 and 60 d after irradiation.Results The percentage of thymic DN1 cells in GCSF group was significantly higher than that of the control group 7 d after irradiation (t =9.59,P ＜ 0.05 ).21 d later,the proportion of thymic DN3 and DN4 cells were higher than those of the control group ( t =16.37,7.6,P ＜ 0.05 ).The percentage of thymic CD4 + CD8 + DP cells decreased 7 d after irradiation,increased at 14 d,decreased again at 21 days,and then got a permanent recover.The percentage of thymic CD4 + CD8 + DP cells in the GCSF group recovered to normal and was significantly higher than that of the control group 28 days after irradiation (t =12.22,P＜ 0.05).The percentage of thymic CD8 + SP cells of the GCSF group was significantly higher than that of the control group 21 d after irradiation ( t =3.77,P ＜ 0.05 ),while G-CSF had no obvious influence on the percentage of the thymic CD4 + SP cells.The sjTRECs copies in the GCSF group was significantly higher than that of the control group 30 d after irradiation ( t =5.95,P ＜ 0.01 ),which disappeared 60 d later.Conclusions G-CSF could promote the proliferation and differentiation of thymic DN and DP cells,enhance the recent thymic emigrants and accelerate central immunologic reconstitution after acute irradiation.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human granulocyte colonystimulating factor(G-CSF) on central and peripheral lymphocyte subset reconstitution after a sublethal dose of irradiation. Methods Sixty female BALB/c mice were given a 6.0 Gy γ-ray total body irradiation (TBI) and randomly divided into 2 equal groups. The mice in G-CSF + TBI group were injected subcutaneously with recombinant human G-CSF 100 μg·kg-1·d-1 for 14 d and the mice in TBI group were injected subcutaneously with the same volume of phosphate buffered solution (PBS) once daily for 14 d. 7,14,21, and 28 d later the mice were killed and their thymus were taken out to prepare of the mononuclear cell suspension to analysis the percentage of thymic CD4 + CD8 + double positive, CD4 +CD8 - single positive, CD4 - CD8 + single positive and CD4 - CD8 - double negtive cells by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the caudal vein twice a week, and the white blood cell(WBC) counts and absolute number of lymphocytes were assessed by automatic hemocyte analyzer. 14,28, and 60 d later blood samples were collected from angular vein to examine the peripheral lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Results The percentage of thymic CD4 + CD8 +double positive cells decreased 7 d after irradiation, rebounded at 14 d, decreased again at 21 d, and then got a permanent recovery. 28 d after irradiation the percentage of thymic CD4 + CD8 + double positive cells in the G-CSF + TBI group recovered to normal and was significantly higher than that of the TBI group (t =12. 22, P < 0. 05). 21d after irradiation the percentage of thymic CD4-CD8 + single positive cells of the G-CSF + TBI group was significantly higher than that of the TBI group (t = 3.77, P < 0. 05). The peripheral WBCs and lymphocytes decreased to the lowest levels 7 d after irradiation and then gradually increased, however, WBCs and lymphoeytes of the G-CSF + TBI group began to recover earlier and faster than the TBI group. The proportion of CD3 + CD8 + T cells of the G-CSF + TBI group was significantly higher than that of the TBI group 14 and 60 d after irradiation (t =4. 31,5.78, P <0.05). But there was no significant difference in the proportion of CD3 + CD4 + T cells between the two groups. The proportion of B lymphoeytes of the G-CSF + TBI group was significantly lower than that of the TBI group 14 d after irradiation(t =7.30, P <0.05), but it recovered quickly, and there were no significant differences in the proportion of B lymphoeytes between the two groups 28 and 60 d after irradiation. The proliferation indexes of splenic lymphocytes in response to LPS and ConA in the G-CSF + TBI group were 4. 37 and 2.98 times higher than those in the TBI group 14 d after irradiation. Conclusions G-CSF could accelerate the recovery of central and peripheral lymphocyte subsets, raise the absolute number of lymphocytes, and enhance their proliferative function, which contributes to the central and peripheral immune reconstitution after acute irradiation.

Objective To describe the psychological experience of the patients with end-stage cardiopathy in China. Methods Phenomenology method was used in the study. Fifteen end stage cardiopathy patients received a non-structured interview. Results Four themes were extracted including heavy psychological burden about the disease and the selection of treatment options; complex psychological responses to families and relatives; wishing of social support;lose heart to personal future and prospects. Conclusions The patients on the end stage cardiopathy have complicated and intensive psychological responses. Medical staff should focus on the emotional of these patients, and provide effective strategies to promote patients'physical and psychological rehabilitation.

Objective The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the clinical value of double-contrast barium(DCB) combined with CT in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma.Methods 112 patients with gastric carcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology between 1990 and 1997 were included.69 patients took DCB of the upper gastric intestinal tract.43 patients were given CT scans,in whom 32 patients took DCB before CT.Results The accuracy of gastric carcinoma staging determined by DCB were 91.3%.The accordant rate of gross type of gastric carcinoma determined by DCB and the combined way were respectively 67.74% and 72.41%,superior to CT(47.22%,?

Objectives To explore the clinical application of deceleration capacity of rate (DC), acceleration capacity of rate (AC) and heart rate variability (HRV) in children with precardial distress of unknown origin. Methods A total of 56 children with precardial distress of unknown origin and 63 healthy children aged 6 to 17 years were examined by 24 h dynamic elec-trocardiogram, and the indexes of DC and HRV were compared between these two groups. Results DC value of children with precardial distress is less than that of the control group (P<0.05), AC value is greater than that of the control group (P<0.05), and heat rate (HR) is greater than that of the control group (P<0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the indexes of HRV between the two groups. The indexes of DC show a signiifcant positive correlation with HRV in children with precardial distress(r=0.27~0.40, P<0.05), while appear a negative relation with HR (r=-0.46, P=0.000). In contrast, the indexes of AC show a signiifcant negative correlation with HRV (r=-0.57~-0.34, P<0.05), and appears a positive relation with HR(r=0.61, P=0.000). HR value is higher in male children less than 12 years old with precardial distress than that of age-matched males in control group, and RMSSD is lower than the latter. DC value of male children more than 12 years with precardial distress is lower than that of age-matched males in control group, while AC value is higher than that of the latter;DC value is signiifcant lower in fe-male children more than 12 yeares with precardial distress than that of age-matched females in the control group (P<0.05). Con-clusions The activity of vagus nerve in children with precardial distress of unknown origin is decreased. DC value is signiifcantly lower than that of control group, and shows correlation with indexes of HRV. There is no signiifcant difference in DC and HRV value between male and female children with precardial distress. DC value is lower in children aged 12 or older with precardial distress than that of age-matched children in the control group, which indicates adolescents are vulnerable to autonomic nerve functional disorder.

Objective To study the effect of stilbene on blood glucose of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods 50 male Wistar rats wererandomly divided into model group (n=40) and control group (n=10). The model group was given fat emulsion 40 days continuously with 20ml/kg, po, and streptozotocin with 120 mg/kg on the 41st day, 100 mg/kg on the 42nd day, i.p. After the modeling, the model group was dividedinto 4 groups with 10 in each. They were given stilbene with 500 ml/kg, 200 ml/kg, 100 ml/kg and metformin with 100 mg/kg, ip, respectively.The level of blood glucose, blood lipid and glycogen content were determined. Results After the modeling, the blood glucoseand TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C increased by 140.89%, 25.77%, 275.52%, 105.54% and 31.25% respectively (P<0.01); after stilbene was given,the level of blood glucose and lipid decreased significantly (P<0.05), the liver glycogen content increased significantly by 8.06%~16.17% compared to the control group. Conclusion Stilbene can decrease the concentration of blood glucose and lipid, and increase the liverglycogen content of rats with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipoxin A4 on store-operated calcium channel (SOC) and production of reactive oxygen species in macrophages induced by hpopolysaccharide (LPS).Method Macrophages were randomly assigned Io one of the following six groups:control group,LPS group,Thapsigargin group,lipoxin A4+LPS group,lipoxin A4+Thapsigargin group,2-Aminoethoxydiphenylborate+Thapsigargin group.The intracellular[Ca2+]iwas analyzed by eonfoeal laser microscopy.The production of reactive oxygen specips(ROS) was assayed by flow cytometry.Results LPS increased intracellular[Ca2+]i and reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner.Lipoxin A4 suppressed approximately 75% of the Ca2+ ertry signal induced by thapsigargin and suppressed approximately 93% of the Ca2+ entry signal induced by LPS.The increase in intracellular[Ca2+]i was associated with increased ROS production which was abolished in the presence of lipoxin A4.Conclusions These findings indicate that the LPS-indueed intracellular[Ca2*]i increase depends on the Ca2+entry through SOC channel,and lipoxin A4 inhibits Ca2+ influx and ROS production through SOC channel in ratine maerophages induced by LPS.

Objective To study the protective role of pre-resolving mediator lipoxin A4(LXA4) in the NA+ -K+-ATPase in alveolar type Ⅱ (AT Ⅱ ) epithelial cells of rats exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Method The AT Ⅱ cells were isolated and purified, and divided randomly into control group (PBS), vehiculum (alcohol 0.7 μL/mL) group, LPS (1 μg/mL) group, LXA4(1/10 mol/mL) group and LPS (1 μg/mL LPS) + LXA4(1/10 mol/mL) group. After exposure to LPS and/or LXA4 for4 hours, NA+-K+ -ATPase and β1-subunits mRNA in AT Ⅱ epithelial cells were detected by using RT-PCR, and ATP, ADP, AMP, total adenine nucleotides (TAN) and energy charge (EC) were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase were calculated accordingly. Results The NA+-K+-ATPase α-subunit and β-subunit mRNA were significantly decreased in LPS group ( P ＜ 0.05 vs. control group). However, the expressions of NA+ -K+-ATPase mRNA were significantly enhanced by application of LXA4 to AT Ⅱ epithelial cells exposed to LPS (P ＜0.05 vs. LPS group). The activities of NA+ -K+ -ATPase were enhanced in LPS group (P ＜0.05 vs. control group). Compared with control group and LPS group, the activities of NA+-K+-ATpase in LPS + LXA4 group were significantly increased (P ＜0.01 vs. control group; P ＜0.05 vs. LPS group). The EC of AT Ⅱ epithelial cells were higher in LPS group ( P ＜ 0.01 vs. control group). There were no significant differences in EC between control group and LPS + LXA4group(P ＞0.05). Conclusions The pro-resolving mediator LXA4 can enhance the expressions of NA + -K + -ATPase α-subunit and β-subunit mRNA, and the activities of NA + -K + -ATPase in AT Ⅱ epithelial cells or rats exposed to LPS, and ca also balance the metabolism of AT Ⅱ epithelial cells. These findings suggest that LXA4 plays an important role in lung edema clearance in lung injury induced by endotoxin, and the role is likely associated with the enhancement of the expressions of Na+ -K+ -AT-Pase α-subunit and β-subunit, and the activities of Na+ -K* -ATPase, maintaining the balance of metabolism of AT Ⅱ epithelial cells.