Objective To investigate the surgical treatment of male gynecomastia. Methods The clinical data of 116 cases(156 sites) of male gynecomastia were treated by using micro incision of areola with tumescent anesthesia in the past 4 years were reviewed. Results In this series, 50 to 150 grams mammary gland tissue were resected from the breast. There were no severe postoperative complications,such as nipple or areola necrosis and apparent scar . Follow up was done for 12 to 36 months, the scars were obscure, and the configuration of the breasts were good. Conclusions The operation for male hynecomastia via micro incision of areola with tumescent anesthesia is a good, reliable and convenient technique. It is easily performed with milder injury,less bleeding, and quick recovery.

CXCR4, a receptor for stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also know as CXCL12) and a member of the chemokine receptor family, has been shown to play an important role in the proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. CXCR4 expression is an early event in breast cancer development and may serve as a biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Expression of CXCR4 has been demonstrated to correlate with metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Inhibition of CXCR4 expression may be a potential target of breast cancer treatment.

The integrated courses in pathophysiology have been implemented for clinical medicine in Nanfang Medical University with experimental contrast method since 2006 to compare the advantages of the teaching effect of the integrated courses with traditional learning in pathophysiology with the questionnaire. The results have showed that the students on the integrated track are more positive in the knowledge learning,problem analysis and solving as well as the subsequent clinical knowledge learning.

Objective To systematically analyze the current situation of case‐control studies published on Chinese nursing ac‐ademic journals and provide references for future researches .Methods All literatures related to case‐control studies published on Chinese nursing academic journals were retrieved from CNKI ,CBM ,Wangfang databases ,and VIP by computer .The literatures were analyzed by bibliometrics method .Results Totally 77 literatures published in 17 journals were retrieved .The number of liter‐atures revealed an increasing tendency .T he content of these literatures involved 11 nursing fields ,such as medicine nursing ,surgery nursing ,and fundamental nursing .29 .9% of studies were supported by research grants .On the other side ,authors were located in 18 provinces ,autonomous regions and municipalities .Meanwhile ,most of them were from developed regions and worked in medical institutions .Conclusion The method of case‐control studies have gradually gained recognition of Chinese nursing researchers . However ,the number of case‐control studies were still small .Nursing researchers should be encouraged to conduct case‐control studies actively and apply this kind of method in more extensive fields of nursing .

AIM:To observe the protective effect of Nano-Se on myocardium of experimental diabetes mice.METHODS:Sixty healthy male KM mice were chosen,ten of which were selected randomly as the normal control group.After fasted for 24 h,the rest 50 mice were injected with streptozotocin(STZ,50 mg/kg)intraperitoneally for 5 d.At 7th d,the blood-sugar was measured from vena caudalis,40 mice,of which blood-sugar exceeded 16.65mmol/L,were selected and randomized into 4 groups:the positive control group,low dose(25 ?g/kg)Nano-Se group,mid dose(50 ?g/kg)Nano-Se group,high dose(50 ?g/kg)Nano-Se group.All mice were given intragastric administration of 0.2 mL normal saline and corresponding dose of Nano-Se.The body weights were measured every week,and the dose of which was adjusted according to the change of the body weights.8 weeks later,the mice were killed and cardiac muscle of the left ventricle was taken.The myocardium was prepared to 10% homogenate for measuring SOD,GSH-Px activity and MDA content.The myocardial cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL.The expressions of Bc1-2 and Bax proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Compared to normal group,the SOD and GSH-Px activities in positive control group decreased,MDA level increased,the rate of myocardial cell apoptosis increased significantly,Bc1-2 protein expression deceased and Bax protein expression increased.Compared to positive control group,the SOD and GSH-Px activities in low and mid dose Nano-Se groups expression increased,MDA level decreased,myocardial cell apoptosis rate decreased,Bc1-2 protein expression increased and Bax protein expression decreased.Moreover,the SOD and GSH-Px activities in high dose Nano-Se group decreased obviously compared to those in mid dose Nano-Se group.MDA level and myocardial cell apoptosis rate increased,Bc1-2 protein expression decreased and Bax protein expression increased,no significant difference in SOD,GSH-Px activity,MDA level and myocardial cell apoptosis rate was observed compared with positive control group.CONCLUSION:The damage of cardiac muscle is alleviated when a certain dose of Nano-Se is supplied to diabetes mice.The protective mechanism may be related to antioxidation,blood-sugar adjustment and the increase of Bc1-2 expressing.

Objective Aiming at the characteristics of the course of acupuncture and massage,to discuss the application of Situational heuristic teaching.Methods 60 undergraduate students in Grade Four of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (clinical practice) were even divided into 2 groups,that was situational teaching group (the experimental group) and the traditional teaching group (control group).The students in the experimental group received basic theory course of 30 hours,60 hours in the course of situational teaching.The clinical cases of teaching were carefully designed according to the simulated hospital scene in each chapter,including large cases,acupuncture and massage therapy program,which were conducted between teachers and students through interactive and positive research and other forms.In the control group the teachers taught the content to students in class for full 90 hours in accordance with the requirements of the teaching syllabus.Taking objective theoretical examination,subjective questionnaire survey,and subjective clinical return visit questionnaire scores as indicators the difference of the two kinds of teaching methods were compared and statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 19.0 software,chi square test and t test.Results By comparison of objective theoretical examination results of two groups of subjects,the number of good students in the experimental group was 10,and the number of outstanding students was 7,with an average of (80.63 ± 1.35) points.In the control group,the number of good students was 9,the number of outstanding students was 6,with the average score of (80.54 ± 1.32),and the average score of the objective theory test scores were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The learning satisfaction of the students in the experimental group was (3.91 ± 0.29).Students in the experimental group thought situation heuristic teaching was conducive to professional development (3.23 ± 0.39),to improving the learning quality (3.68 ± 0.72),clinical thinking culture (4.11 ± 0.24),clinical ability (3.72 ± 0.27),clinical physician-patient communication skills (3.28 ± 0.79),basic clinical skills (3.48 ± 0.42) points,with teaching satisfaction (4.19 ± 0.25),which were all higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Situational heuristic teaching method is better than the traditional teaching method in stimulating students' learning enthusiasm,innovation ability,cultivating professional interest and cultivating students' clinical practice ability.The teaching practice of teachers should give full play to the advantages of the method and improve the teaching effect,which is worthy of further research and promotion.

Objective To investigate and summarize the clinical and high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) characteristics of invasive pulmonary fungal infections(IPFIs)in children.Methods Clinical and HRCT data of 35 cases with IPFIs admitted in our hospital between March 2007 and July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical and HRCT characteristics were summarized.Results Thirty-five patients consisted of 23 boys and 12 girls with mean age of(3.2±1.9) years.Host factors included acute leukemia (n=12),primary immunodeficiency disease (n=4),congenital heart disease (n=2),cerebral palsy (n=2),severe influenza A infection (H1N1) (n=2),ichthyosis (n=1),acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(n=1),systemic lupus erythematous (n=1),tubercular meningitis(n=1),mechanical ventilation(n=2).All patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotic,ranking by descending order:third-generation cephalosporins (28 cases),carbapenems(19 cases)and vancomycin (18 cases).Seventeen cases were treated with corticosteroids systemically and 12 cases with acute leukemia took antineoplastic medicine.The symptoms of IPFIs were intermittent or persistent fever,cough and rales.HRCT results:nodules (n=25,71.4％),subpleural patchy opacities (n=24,68.6％),mass (＞3cm) (n=4,11.4％),halo sign (n=27,77.1％),cavities (n=8,22.9％),air crescent sign (n=4,11.4％),miliary nodules (n=2,5.7％),pleural effusion (n=14,40％).Conclusion There are certain specific characteristics of IPFIs in children in clinical and HRCT aspects.The possible diagnosis of IPFIs can be made based on clinical and HRCT features.

Objective To determine the medium-long term functional outcome of arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions with two loops.Methods According to retrospective study,29 cases patients with arthroscopic repairs of isolated type II SLAP lesions were collected from March 2011 to June 2013,the mean patient age at the time of surgery was 31.8 years(range17 to 47 years).All patients with ground anchor suture,and through double loop knot technology to fix SLAP injury.Visual analogue scale(VAS),Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic(KJOC),Roche Shouder function Score(ROWE) were used to determine the function of shoulder joint.The shoulderjoint range of motion before treatment and post treatment were recorded,shoulder joint mobility was recorded,satisfaction survey was done,compared the preoperative and postoperative data to evaluate its clinical effect.Results All patients were available for follow-up of 2.7-5.2 years.Overall,functional outcome was improved from baseline compared with final follow-up for VAS scores((4.3±1.2) points vs.(1.5±0.8) points,t=5.435,P<0.05),KJOC scores((72.1±4.9) points vs.(92.8±5.4) points,t=5.921,P<0.01),and ROWE scores((54.1±12.4) points vs.(84.3±10.2) points,t=7.326,P<0.01).Only a minority of patients feel pain when they did srenuous exercise.According to satisfaction investigation of patients,patient satisfaction was reported in 89.7%,3 cases had not good results,they could not return to previous level of play,including 2 cases were athletes,1 case was not athlete.Conclusion There is no more persistent pain and dysfunction after surgery,a good or excellent medium-long term functional outcome can be anticipated after arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions with two loops.

Construction of artificial cell factory to produce specific compounds of interest needs wild strain to be genetically engineered. In recent years, with the reconstruction of many genome-scale metabolic networks, a number of methods have been proposed based on metabolic network analysis for predicting genetic modification targets that lead to overproduction of compounds of interest. These approaches use constraints of stoichiometry and reaction reversibility in genome-scale models of metabolism and adopt different mathematical algorithms to predict modification targets, and thus can discover new targets that are difficult to find through traditional intuitive methods. In this review, we introduce the principle, merit, demerit and application of various strain optimization methods in detail. The main problems in existing methods and perspectives on this emerging research field are also discussed, aiming to provide guidance to choose the appropriate methods according to different types of products and the reliability of the predicted results.
Algorithms ; Biotechnology ; methods ; Computer Simulation ; Genome ; Industrial Microbiology ; Metabolic Engineering ; methods ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Models, Theoretical ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To evaluate the reporting and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related traditional Chinese medical nursing which published in key Chinese journals.Methods Electronic databases were searched for collecting RCTs related traditional Chinese medical nursing which published in key Chinese journals.The impact factors of all these journals ranked the first three in the Chinese S & T journal citation reports,2013.The CONSORT statement and Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool were applied to evaluate the reporting and methodological quality respectively.Results A total of 135 articles were identified to meet the criteria.To the best of our knowledge,however,none of these articles have reported the 14 items in the CONSORT statement,either without the CONSORT flow diagram.According to the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool,17.0％(23/135) of these articles was confirmed to be high risk of bias,with the rest uncertain in the degree of bias.Conclusions The reporting and methodological quality of RCTs on traditional Chinese medical nursing were poor.It is urgent to improve the methodological and reporting quality of RCTs on traditional Chinese medical nursing researches.