[Objective] To observe the clinical effects of medical ozone(O3)combined with sodium hyaluronate(SH)in treatment of knee osteoarthritis.[Methods]One hundred and twenty patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into three groups:A,B and C(40 in each group).The patients in group A were treated with intra-articular injection of 15 ml(35 ug/ml)medical ozone in the first week,25 mg sodium hyaluronate in the second week and repeated 15 ml(35 ug/ml)medical ozone in the third week.The patients in group B were treated with intra-articular injection of 15 ml medical ozone once a week for 3 weeks.The patients in group C were treated with intra-articular injection of 25 mg sodium hyaluronate once a week for 5 weeks.VAS score and clinical results of the three groups were recorded and compared preoperatively and at 1,2 and 3 months postoperatively.[Results]The VAS score of three groups were signifcantely reduced after treatment(P

Objective To explore the application value of paraffin embedding cell blocks from hydrothorax and ascite in diagnosis of tumors in the chest.Methods Of all clinical inspection for hydrothorax samples of thin-layer cytology,suspicious made paraffin embedding sediments of the tumor cells,immunohistochemical staining,identified the benign and malignant cells,determined the types of tumor cells and tissue origin.Results For liquid thin-layer cytology diagnosis of heterocyst,suspicious cases of malignant tumor,69 cases made the cell block combined with immunohistochemical staining,determined the malignant 51 cases,17 cases were benign,difficult to diagnose in 1 case,malignant determined the source of 46 cases,adenocarcinoma did not determine the source of 6 cases.Conclusion The technique of the embedding of paraffin embedding cells is of great value to the organization of the malignant and malignant tumors of the cells from hydrothorax and ascite.

Objective To obtain the information on the frequency of diagnostic X-ray examinations in Guangdong province in order to provide reference data for the rational application of diagnostic radiology.Methods A typical stratified sampling method was used to select 56 medical institutions in 7 districts in Guangdong province for the survey of the frequencies of diagnostic X-ray examinations.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using the relevant variables of the surveyed sample (total number of hospitals,number of outpatients,number of inpatients,number of radiation workers,and number of diagnostic equipment).The dependent independent variables were fitted to the linear regression equation to estimate the frequency of routine diagnostic X-ray examinations and diagnostic CT examinations and the total frequency of diagnostic medical X-ray examinations in Guangdong province in 2016.Results By the largest percentage contribution,chest radiography accounted for 60.84％ of the routine diagnostic X-ray examinations,brain scans 28.03％ of diagnostic CT examinations,and cardiovascular interventions 48.83％ of interventional radiology.For the group of above 40 years old,the largest percentage contributions were,respectively,routine diagnostic X-ray examination 47.95％,diagnostic CT examinations 65.41％,and interventional radiology 75.64％.All types of medical X-ray examinations are concentrated in the tertiary and secondary hospitals.Based on this survey,the examination frequencies for 2016 in Guangdong were estimated to be,respectively,diagnostic X-ray examination 699 examinations per 1 000 population and CT diagnostic 231 examinations per 1 000 population,with the total of 992 examinations per 1 000 population.Conclusions This survey was completed to a limited degree and less investment.The results showed that the diagnostic radiology in Guangdong province is developing with increased frequencies,with wide varieties of X-ray examination types in the tertiary and secondary hospitals.Relevant competent defpartments should pay attention to strengthening the radiation protection of examined individuals and actively providing guidance on the correct and rational applicc ation of diagnostic radiology so as to achieve profit and avoid disadvantages.

Objective To study the relationship between hepatic arterial buffer response (HABR),recovery of liver function,early biliary complications and small-for-size syndrome (SFSS).Methods Early hepatic hemodynamic parameters (including hepatic arterial flow (HAF),portal venous flow (PVF) were measured using duplex Doppler sonography in 34 patients who received living donor liver transplantation (preoperatively n＝26,intraoperatively n=26) and on postoperative days 1,2,3,and 7.Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) level were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1,2,3,7,14,21,and 28.If TBIL level was elevated,we used B ultrasonography or CT and even ERCP to diagnose early biliary complications.The days taken for AST,AI T and TBIL to recover and the number of patients with early (＜60 days) biliary complications (bile leakage or bile stricture) and with small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) were recorded.Results Passive hepatic artery buffer response (HABR) was present in 11 patients early after living donor liver transplantation (group 1) and it disappeared in 23 patients (group 2).The recovery in days taken for normalization of AST (10.6± 8.8),AIT (11.6±9.0) and TBlL (average of 29) in group 1 were shorter than in group 2.However,the differences did not reach statistics difference (P＞0.05).The overall incidences of early biliary complications and small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) in group 1 were significantly lower than in group 2 (P=0.04).The survival rate in group 1 was 82 ％,compared with 74 ％ in group 2.Conclusions Passive hepatic arterial buffer response (HABR) disappeared in some patients early after living donor liver transplantation.There were high incidences of early biliary complications and small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) in these patients.Measurcment of hepatic buffer response in the early stage after living donor liver tranaplanta tion is valuable for predition of early biliary complications and small-for-size syndrome (SFSS),thus helping to prevent failure in transplantation.

Objective To investigate and compare the dynamic changes of plasma endotoxin and CD14/TLR4 levels in the portal vein following partial liver transplantation in rats. Methods 100 %(group Ⅰ), 50 % (group Ⅱ) and 30 % (group Ⅲ) orthotopic liver transplantation models in the SD rats→SD rats were established in vivo according to "Kamada two-cuff method". Based on the principle of dynamic turbidity law, the plasma endotoxin (EU/ml) levels were determined at the postoperative time points of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 h in recipients. The mRNA expression levels of CD14 and TLR4 in liver grafts were detected by using real-time RT-PCR. Results Under the condition of no significant difference in surgical factors, the plasma endotoxin levels in the portal vein of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were higher than in group Ⅰ , and reached the peak at the first h postoperation. The endotoxin levels in group Ⅱ were lower than in group Ⅲ. The endotoxin levels in sham-operation group were the highest. The mRNA expression levels of CD14 and TLR4 in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased as compared with sham-operation group (P＜0. 01). Conclusion There exists portal vein plasma endotoxima in 100 %, 50 % and 30 % orthotopic liver transplantation in the rats. The smaller the graft volume, the higher and longer plasma endotoxin in portal vein, so is the relative quantification of the TLR4 and CD14 mRNA in liver grafts.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of polymyxin B (PMB) to the liver graft after liver transplantation and the underlying mechanism in rats.Methods Male SD rats were selected as the donors and recipients.Non-artery whole liver transplantation model was established in rats according to Kamada's two-cuff method.The rats were divided into two groups by the way of random number table method:control group (normal saline,0.5 ml) and PMB group (PMB,1 mg/ml,0.4 mg/kg+ normal saline 0.5 ml).The levels of portal vein plasma endtotoxin (EU/ml)were determined by endotoxin-analyzing machine of BET-24A. ALT,BUN,and TNF-α,IL-6 in serum were measured by using machine of Automatic Analyzer and ELISA,respectively.The CD14,TLR4,NFκB and AP-1 in the grafts were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting,and pathological changes were observed. Results PMB decreased the levels of portal vein plasma endotoxin 1 h after reperfusion in PMB group as compared with control group (P＜0.05),and the levels of portal vein plasma endotoxin returned to the normal levels 6 h after reperfusion in both two groups (P＞0.05).After operation,the levels of ALT,TNFα and IL-6 in serum were significantly reduced (P＜0.05),the expression of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA in the grafts was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),the expression of Hsp60 protein and mRNA,and NF-κB and AP1 proteins in the grafts were reduced (P＜0.05),and the pathological damage to the grafts was significantly alleviated in PMB group as compared with control group.Conclusion PMB reduced the levels of portal vein plasma endotoxin after reperfusion in liver transplantation in rats.PMB improved liver function,reduced the injury of inflammatory response,decreased the levels of endotoxin signal pathway markers and alleviated the pathological damage to the grafts.

In recent years, with the in-depth study of PD-1 and PD-L1 and the development of immunotherapy, the first problem is how to screen the beneficiaries. Recent clinical studies have shown that the expression level of PD-L1 in circulating tumor cells (CTC) can be used as a potential biomarker to play a guiding role in immunotherapy of malignant tumors. This article reviews the latest clinical research progress on the expression of PD-L1 in circulating tumor cells in various solid tumors.

Objective To investigate the clinical prognoses of acute vertebral basilar artery occlusion by endovascular treatment and the risk factors for poor prognosis. Methods Clinical data of 43 patients with acute vertebral basilar artery occlusion who underwent endovascular treatment in our hospital from August 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The immediate revascularization rate and clinical outcomes three months after surgery were analyzed; and according to the clinical prognoses, these patients were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the NIHSS scores, times from onset to vessel recanalization, improved post-circulation CT scale of Alberta stroke project based on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI-PC-ASPECTS) scores, and MR angiography-basilar artery on computed tomography angiography prognostic scalere for basilar artery occlusion (MRA-BATMAN) scores to predict the prognoses. Univariate Logistic regression analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the relations of times from onset to vessel recanalization, NIHSS scores, DWI-PC-ASPECTS scores, and MRA-BATMAN scores with poor prognosis. Results Forty-three patients (100％) achieved thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grading 3/2b immediately after surgery. The mRS scores were 0-2 in 26 patients (60.5％, good prognosis group), and those were 3-6 in 17 patients (39.5％, poor prognosis group) three months after surgery. When the NIHSS scores was 21, times from onset to vessel recanalization was 600 min, DWI-PC-ASPECTS predictive threshold was 8.5 and MRA-BATMAN predictive threshold was 6.5, the diagnostic accuracy of predicting poor prognosis was the highest (sensitivity=0.941, 0.706, 0.808, and 0.577, and specificity=0.846, 0.423, 0.647, and 0.824). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative NIHSS scores≥21, improved DWI-PC-ASPECTS scores≤8.5, and MRA-BATMAN scores≤6.5 were risk factors for poor prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative NIHSS scores≥21 was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (OR=15.679, 95％CI:1.608-152.879, P=0.000). Conclusion Intravascular treatment of acute vertebral basilar artery occlusion is safe and effective, and the patients with preoperative NIHSS scores≥ 21 are highly likely to have poor prognosis.

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for fingerprint of Dipsacus asper. Analysis were carried out on a Zorbax C-18 column by gradient elution using 0.1% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The column was maintained at 25 degrees C, the flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 205 nm. Asperosaponin VI was selected as reference compound, Seventeen common peaks were selected, and the fingerprint with good precision, stability and repeatability was successfully used to evaluate quality of 24 batches of crude extracts of D. asper. Chemical characteristics of D. asper was analyzed by DAD detection and HPLC-MS techniques with an ESI source. The quasi-molecular ions of compounds in both negative and positive modes were observed for molecule mass information of 33 compounds, and the potential structures of 10 characteristic components were identified by study on the mass spectra of compounds and comparing with reference data and some of standards. The results indicate the HPLC fingerprint of D. asper will show more characters through identification of component structures using an HPLC-ESI-MS method, and will control the quality of D. asper more effectively and reasonable.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

At present, the cats play a more and more important role in medical experiments as an experimental animal,especially for the studies of neurology,physiology and toxicology. Compared with rodent animals,the physiological characteristics, anatomical features, pathological and biochemical reactions of cats are closer to human beings, and compared with the primate animals,they have advantages of economy,abundant resources and so on. Therefore,cat has an extensive application prospect in animal models of human diseases. This article mainly reviews and summarizes the establishing method and research status of cats as an animal model of human diseases in ophthalmology, nervous system, tumor and other fields in recent years.