For the past few years,with the extensive application of nanoparticle technology in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers,there have been some improvements of the stability of photosensitizers,the tumor targeting,the working depth and the yield of singlet oxygen by a variety of ways.Furthermore,with nanoparticle,PDT also can be combined with some other treatments together.Finally,the use of nanoparticle vectors for PDT is a novel and promising approach which might improve the efficiency of photodynamic therapy for tumors,overcome many adverse effects and increase the indications of PDT.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on left ventricular function in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) .Methods Thirty-five ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes (30 males, 5 females) aged 53-75 yr weighing 46-100 kg undergoing CABG were enrolled in this study. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe was placed. The TEE variables including cardiac index (CI), left ventricular short axis shortening (FS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), low propagation velocity ( Vp), E wave velocity (E) , A wave velocity ( A) , systolic wave velocity ( S) , diastolic wave velocity ( D), AR wave velocity, E/A ratio and S/D ratio were recorded before inhalation of sevoflurane (T_1 ) , and 5 min (T_2) and 15 rain ( T_3) after inhalation of sevoflurane after splitting of sternum, and before inhalation of sevoflurane (T_4 ), 5 min (T_5) and 15 min (T_6) after inhalation of sevoflurane after the closure of sternum. The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane corresponded to 1 MAC. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05 nig/kg, sufentanil 0.5μg/kg and rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg and maintained with infusion of propofol at 4-6 mg·kg~(-1) ·h~(-1), remifentanil at 0.2-0.4μgkg~(-1)·h~(-1) and atracurium at 0.5 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1). The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation (V_T 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm, I:E 1:2, FiO_2 70%-80% ) .Results (1) MAP and CI were significantly decreased at 5 and 15 min after sevoflurane inhalation. LVEF and FS were also decreased. (2) There was no significant change in diastolic function indexes after sevoflurane inhalation including E and A wave velocity, systolic wave velocity, diastolic wave velocity, E/A ratio and S/D ratio. (3) Cardiac function improved after CABG. CI, LVEF and FS were significantly increased after CABG as compared with preoperative values. Conclusion In patients undergoing elective CABG, sevoflurane (the end-tidal concentration corresponding to 1 MAC) can depress left ventricular systolic function but does not affect left ventricular diastolic function.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of proximal femoral intramedullary nail with spiral blade for the treatment of femoral peritrochanteric fractures with femoral shaft fractures.[Method]From January 2002 to October 2006,21 patients of femoral peritrochanteric fractures with femoral shaft fractures were treated by minimal invasive technique with proximal femoral intramedullary nail and spiral blade.[Result]All 21 patients were followed up from 9 months to 5 years,with an average of 13 months,fractures healed in all patients.There was no nail and screw broken or loosening.The hip and knee joints of ingived limbs retained good function.[Conclusion]It is a good internal fixation operation for treatment of femoral peritrochanteric fractures with femoral shaft fractures(according to the patient's age,the type of fracture and the Singh index of the bone)by using minimal invasive technique with proximal femoral intramedullary nail and spiral blade,the key of treatment is the anatomic reduction of the fractures under minimal invasive surgery.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application and effect of plastic surgery in emergency treatment of facial soft tissue injuries,and to explore the better plastic surgery method for facial soft tissue injuries in order to regain the patient facial morphology and function maximally.Methods The clinical data of 798 patients with facial soft tissue injuries from June 2009 to June 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.And plastic surgical techniques were applied to the early treatment of facial soft tissue injuries in this group cases,according to the size of defect and the degree of deformity of the patient,different plastic surgery treatment was chosen,such as skin flap or skin graft to repair wound surfaces.In this process,one must follow sterile noninvasive principle strictly with emphasis on the technique of plastic surgery such as entire debridement,wound healing application of skin flap and so on.Results 790 cases of facial soft tissue injuries were healed by first intention without significant complications,while 8 cases of them had mild scars.During 6 to 12 months of follow-up,neither scar,nor infections and necrosis of the wound region occurred,and the morphology and function of patients' face recovered well without the second operation.Conclusions Using plastic surgery techniques in the emergency treatment of facial soft tissue injuries as soon as possible can avoid the disfigurement and the function disturbance,and promote the facial morphology and function regeneration rapidly and effectively.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of the severe pulmonary infection in the patients after kidney transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 26 patients with severe pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation were analyzed retrospectively. Results Microorganisms were isolated and identified in 22 patients out of 26 kidney transplantation patients with severe pulmonary infection. The main etiological pathogens according to their frequency and type were: bacteria (15 cases, including Escherichia coli, Aerobacter cloacae, Klebsiella fredlanderi, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, etc.), fungi (12 cases, Fermentum, Blastomyces albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus, etc.), and cytomegalovirus (10 cases). 46.15% (12/26) of patients were infected with one kind of microorganism, and 53.85% (14/26) of patients were mixed infection. In 73.1% (19/26) of patients the pulmonary infection occurred during 1-6 months after renal transplantation. Among 26 patients, 12 developed ARDS, and 4 patients gave up therapies due to high expenses. With energetic treatment, 18 patients (81.82%) were cured and 4 died. Conclusions Intensive care and active measures should be given in the treatment of severe pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation. Early diagnosis, administration of broad-spectrum and combined use of antibiotics, the early identification of pathogens, enforcement in systemic support, including correction of immunosuppression, the timely use of mechanical ventilation to correct hypoxia, are the key treatment strategies for a successful result.

0.05).Its presence was focal and they coexisted closely with that of the recipient in the biopsy.Conclusion There was no correlation between the percentage of recipient endothelial cells in vascular endothelial cells and the type of graft rejection.

To investigate the change in renal CD11a and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents and renal function during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of rat kidney, as well as the role of lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) played in renal IRI, we utilized a rat model of renal IRI to detect the renal tissue contents of CDlla and MPO and renal functioa The results showed that the levels of CD11a and MPO were very low in normal renal tissue, but increased significantly in ischemia reperfusion. Renal failure was presented in rats with IRI. The levels in the ischemia-60min-reperfusion group were higher than those in the ischemia-30min-reperfusion group in the same time points. Our conclusion is the levels of CD11a and MPO in rat renal tissue increase significantly during renal IRI. LFA-1-mediated leukocyte adherence plays an important role in renal IRI. Up-regulation of CDlla further elucidates the mechanism of relation between IRI and acute rejection: more heavier IRI is, more possible acute rejection would be.

Objective To assess the effect of immunosuppression conversion from cyclosporine(CsA) to tacrolimus(FK506) on progression of chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN).Methods A retrospective study was performed in 36 cyclosporine treated renal transplant recipients.Patients were included if they were biopsy-proven CAN and they were converted from cyclosporine to tacrolimus due to CAN.The FK506 dose was 1/50 to 1/100 of the cyclosporine's and the dose was adjusted according to the trough level of tacrolimus,body weight of the patient and the situation of CAN.Other immunosuppressive agents kept unchanging.Serum creatinine and FK506 trough level were monitored after conversion.Fasting blood triglyceride,total cholesterol and glucose were determined at baseline and 6th month after conversion to tacrolimus.Results After switching over to FK506 for 6 months,there was a significant improvement in function of renal allograf(P

Objective: To investigate the influence of high-fat diet on glucose metabolism and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipid in OLETF rats, a model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: Twenty male OLETF rats of 14 w age were divided into 2 groups randomly. The dietary fat in two groups contained identical percentages of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of insulin level were performed after 10 w treatment. The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipid in rats was observed as well. Results:The food intakes were comparable in 2 groups. The body weight gain in high-fat group was higher than standard group during the experiment. The result of oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of insulin level showed that the glucose metabolism in two groups had no significant difference. Only the percentage of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 18:3(n-3) of serum phospholipid were comparable, percentages of other fatty acids were significantly different in two groups. Conclusion:With the comparable fatty acid composition, higher dietary fat lead to more body weight gain, but had no significant influence on glucose metabolism in OLETF rats. The amount of dietary fat had significant effect on fatty acids composition of serum phospholipid in OLETF rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of nicardipine on the hepatic blood flow in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Twenty-six patients of both sexes,aged 30-64 yr,weighing 50-90 kg,with New York Heart Association Ⅱ or Ⅲ,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective mitral or aortic valve replacement,were randomly divided into either nicardipine group (group P,n =13) or control group (group C,n =13) using a random number table.Transesophageal echocardiography was used to measure the indexes of blood flow in the hepatic vein.Nicardipine 0.2-0.5 μg · kg-1 · min-1 was infused intravenously starting from beginning of CPB,and the infusion was stopped at termination of CPB in group P.After induction of general anesthesia,at 30 min after beginning of CPB,at 10 min before termination of CPB,and at 30 min after termination of CPB,the diameter of the right and middle hepatic veins (DR and DM),blood flow index in the right hepatic vein (QIR),blood flow index in the middle hepatic vein (QIM),and total blood flow index in the hepatic vein (QIR+M) were recorded,and the percentage of QIR+M in cardiac index (CI) (QIR+M/CI) or in QICPB (QIR+M/QICPB) was calculated.Before operation,and at 1 and 2 days after operation,blood samples were obtained from the median cubital vein for determination of total bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in serum.Results Compared with group C,the serum levels of AST at 1 day after operation and serum levels of AST at 1 day after operation were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in DR,DM,QIR,QIM,QIR+M,QIR+M/CI and QIR+M/QICPB at each time point in group P (P＞0.05).Conclusion Nicardipine (0.2-0.5 μg · kg-1 · min-1) infused intravenously during CPB exerts no effect on the hepatic blood flow,and it is not related to the improvement in hepatic function in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.